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Topic: Business oligarch

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Russian oligarchs

Rinat Akhmetov

Yegor Gaidar

Viktor Pinchuk

Mikhail Khodorkovsky

Oleg Deripaska

Vagit Alekperov

Yuliya Tymoshenko

Russian constitutional crisis of 1993

Vladimir Bogdanov

Mikhail Fridman

Boris Yeltsin

Gorbachev

Russian Mafia

Leonid Kuchma

	Business Oligarch Encyclopedia Article @ HandOverFist.com (Hand Over Fist) (via CobWeb/3.1 planet03.csc.ncsu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Russian oligarchs were well connected entrepreneurs who started from nearly nothing and got rich through participation in the market via connections to the current highly corrupt regime at the time during the transition to capitalism.
		Post-Soviet business oligarchs are relatives or close associates of government officials or even government officials themselves who achieved vast wealth by acquiring state assets very cheaply (or for free) during the privatization process controlled by the Yeltsin government.
		Although the majority of oligarchs were not formally related with the communist party of the Soviet Union, there are allegations that they were promoted (at least initially) by the communist apparatchiks, with strong connections to power structures to the bolshevik regime and access to the monetary funds of the communist party.
	www.handoverfist.com.cob-web.org:8888 /encyclopedia/Business_oligarch (1064 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Business oligarch (via CobWeb/3.1 planet03.csc.ncsu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Business oligarch, a synonym of "business magnate", describes wealthy people that significantly influence the life of a state.
		Post-Soviet business oligarchs tended to achieve vast wealth by acquiring state assets very cheaply during the privatization process started by the Yeltsin government.
		The 1998 financial crisis hit the oligarchs hard, however, and those whose holdings were based on banking lost much of their fortunes.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com.cob-web.org:8888 /topic/Business_oligarch.html (714 words)

	Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - The president and the oligarch
		Oligarchic capitalism is when major businessmen can function and multiply their fortunes exclusively by virtue of their "administrative resources," i.e.
		However, as he developed his business he was the first of the Russian oligarchs to realize that in order to be accepted as an equal by the international business elite, Yukos had to fundamentally alter the model of behaviour learned in the jungle of bandit capitalism.
		The path proposed by Khodorkovsky of separating business and the authorities would in time deprive them of their role as providers of protection to the whole of the economy from oil companies to furniture shops and grocery stalls.
	www.gasandoil.com /goc/news/ntr34806.htm (936 words)

	DIALOGUE AND DEBATE/192
		Thus, the oligarch business in Russia, unlike in Ukraine, appears to be in a downward spiral.
		In fact, the term oligarch is so over-used it has come to stand for any soul who has accumulated a super biz portfolio, rides in fancy cars, and has the apparent God-given right for his driver to ignore traffic signals.
		Oligarch and Mafia have been trivialized such that if they were a brand they would be in common usage, like Xerox, Kleenex or Weedeater.
	www.ukraine-observer.com /articles/192/299 (892 words)

	Business oligarch - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Business oligarch is a synonym of "business magnate".
		The inclusion of the word oligarch describes the significant influence such wealthy people may have on the life of a state.
		In official media, oligarchs are usually pictured as the enemies of "communist forces".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Russian_oligarchs (883 words)

	www.mineweb.net \| sections \| what's new Russian oligarchs versus the media (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		For oligarchs who have spent small fortunes at American public relations companies to promote themselves in the US as internationally respected public figures, it is difficult for them to turn around and confide to a US judge that they are nothing but humble individuals unseeking of fame, and undeserving of notoriety.
		For oligarchs accustomed to paying for good reports, and assuming that bad reports must be paid for by a rival or enemy, this is a legal standard that is next to impossible to meet.
		While the contract documents show that the oligarch agreed to pay a large sum of money for the job, the cost of his bankers’ suspicion that he might be a bad man to lend money to was substantially greater, as the detective agency pointed out in the correspondence.
	www.mineweb.net /sections/whats_new/398758.htm (1088 words)

	CorpWatch : Russia: Why Business Votes with its Wallet
		Business and politics first became entwined in the chaos of the early 1990s.
		The rise of the oligarchs, although stoutly defended by some economic theorists, constrained the development of Russia's media, deprived the state of the full value of privatised assets, froze out foreign investors and inculcated a culture of institutional corruption.
		Many of the banks that underpinned the oligarch empires went belly-up in the financial crisis of 1998; their newspapers and TV stations have been closed down, taken over or gagged.
	www.corpwatch.org /article.php?id=9312 (1097 words)

	Bush Family Business Financed By Israeli Oligarch's Ill-Gotten Gains
		Berezovsky was one of the chief oligarchs in Russia who acquired massive wealth by taking control of the Soviet Union's state assets after the fall of communism.
		Berezovsky's Israeli citizenship and the oligarchs' connections to Israel are widely known in Russia and Israel.
		"The 'oligarchs' are a tiny group of entrepreneurs who exploited the disintegration of the Soviet system to loot the treasures of the state and to amass plunder amounting to hundreds of billions of dollars.
	www.rense.com /general68/finan.htm (1148 words)

	World Bank Accuses Russian Oligarchs of Inefficiency - SPECIAL REPORT - MOSNEWS.COM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The World Bank released a new report of Russia, the main point of which is that a small number of business groups, or so-called, oligarchs, have captured a big slice of the investment flows, but in reality are less efficient than other private sector owners.
		The World Bank study shows that the oligarchs have disproportionately captured investment flows and some of them remain powerful lobbyists, although their influence is nothing compared to what it was in the 1990s.
		However, there is no evidence that oligarchs outperform the rest of the economy, and the report concludes that they are less efficient managers of assets than smaller, more dynamic private owners.
	www.mosnews.com /money/2004/04/07/wboligarchs.shtml (779 words)

	Sobaka :: American Oligarch: The Selling of Mikhail Khodorkovsky (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Khodorkovsky's business practices." He claimed that he was on the board because Lord Rothschild had invited him, and had only met Khodorkovsky twice in his life.
		The Wall Street Journal howled over his arrest, calling Khodorkovsky "Russia's richest oligarch who was cleaning up his act." The International Herald Tribune read directly from the APCO script, stating that Yukos "stood out among Russian businesses in its striving toward Western ideals of financial transparency." And good corporate governance.
		Together with business media, a number of American politicians have lined up to condemn Khodorkovsky's arrest and - this is the second part of the campaign - demand swift retribution against the totalitarian Russian state which has jailed him.
	www.diacritica.com /sobaka/2004/americanoligarch.html (2720 words)

	Business, Gazprom, Oligarch Gusinsky - Johnson's Russia List 7-10-02
		Gazprom-Media has acquired all Vladimir Gusinsky's shares and purchased all liabilities of its companies to the media empire of the former Russian oligarch.
		The value of the deal is being kept confidential, by agreement between both sides.
		Since no one wishing to acquire Gazprom's media group is in sight, even after Gusinsky's final withdrawal from the media business, Jordan will have an opportunity to manage the assets all by himself, almost indefinitely.
	www.cdi.org /russia/Johnson/6347-7.cfm (627 words)

	Pravda.RU:Khodorkovsky already in court (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Mikhail Khodorkovsky, an oligarch and former Yukos CEO, is charged with fraud and tax evasion.
		In Russia, the interest in the process is limited - the population is mostly indifferent, and some have antipathy to the oligarch, while business and political circles are alarmed.
		These are far from all the questions that are often asked in the business community.
	newsfromrussia.com /main/2004/05/31/54216_.html (380 words)

	Heroes of film "Oligarch" leave business in a policy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In a political thriller " Smaller evil " heroes known on film Platon and Larri leave also business in a policy and start realization of the project "Successor", which purpose - to make the president of Russia of the person necessary to them.
		As publishers though in the novel devoted to " makers of kings ", July Dubov and opens to the reader of an intrigue of the Russian power structures assert, all concurrences of names, patronymics, places of acts of terrorism and political technologies it is necessary to recognize casual.
		It also has acted as the co-author of the script of film "Oligarch".
	news.rusportal.net /17144.html (311 words)

	The St. Petersburg Times - News - Exiled Oligarch Does Business With Bush’s Brother
		Berezovsky, a former Kremlin king-maker who had extensive business interests in Russia, served a stint as executive secretary of the Commonwealth of Independent States under former President Boris Yeltsin.
		There were lurid divorce proceedings in 2002 in which Neil Bush boldly testified that on at least three occasions when he was staying in hotels in Asia, a woman came into his room and had sex with him.
		His business partners have also attracted scrutiny, among them Jamal Daniel, a Syrian-American businessman, who is co-chairman with Bush of a fund called Crest Investment Company.
	www.times.spb.ru /story/15777 (1927 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Business \| Khodorkovsky: an oligarch undone
		Russian oligarch Mikhail Khodorkovsky recently suffered the ultimate indignity in the world of the super-wealthy.
		After running a computer import business under the wing of the Communist Party's youth movement in the 1980s and starting Menatep bank in 1987, he used the proceeds to buy up state assets.
		Mikhail Khodorkovsky's problem is that becoming one of the oligarch class can be a murky business.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/business/4482203.stm (834 words)

	Take Down - Newsweek: International Editions - MSNBC.com
		The oligarch is Mikhail Khodorkovsky, head of the giant Yukos oil company and Russia’s richest man. The rabbi is Berel Lazar, chief rabbi of Russia.
		They are suspicious of America and the West, wary of big business and democracy and seeking to reassert government control over the economy and society—and they are increasingly exerting their power.
		Most oligarchs give money to various parties, he says; in fact, he claims to have cleared his contributions with the Kremlin, albeit with the friendly reformers with whom he is associated.
	msnbc.msn.com /id/3339614 (2387 words)

	I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The major players in the oil business and industry policy can be categorized into two broad groups: 1) domestic and foreign oil companies and 2) government.
		Although historically criticized for corrupt practices and operating inefficiencies, some Russian companies appear to be altering their ways; they are improving business practices in hopes of, gaining investor trust, confidence, and capital and expanding their overseas presence.
		Foreign firms have faced many challenges while doing business in Russia, many of which will be assessed in further detail in Part 4.
	www.arcci.org /publications/KelloggPapers/OilandGas.htm (3457 words)

	Yukos Trial Ends With Applause (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		If business owners only had to pay a flat rate tax, all of them would probably avoid politics unless politicians threaten their business.
		Yes, from a business point of view it is honest, but then I forgot you are a socialist and have very little understanding of capitalism.
		Plus the businesses had to pay the large portions of their income to the governmental officials at all levels, so cooking books was "Modus Operandi".
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1382189/posts (2560 words)

	EU Presents Russia an Ultimatum - Pravda.Ru
		Yet, the actual leader of the Russian business group, oligarch Mikhail Khodorkovsky, is not honored by the Russian authorities at the moment.
		Russian oligarchs have taken efforts to push the oil company Rosneft aside from the privatization of another oil company, Slavneft.
		Oligarchic media outlets believe that all these companies have unleashed a war against Yukos and CEO Mikhail Khodorkovsky.
	english.pravda.ru /russia/economics/3881-1 (635 words)

	Ukraine Adoption Blog - Richest Ukrainians - Part 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		is the richest Ukrainian business oligarch of Tatar descent.
		Rinat Akhmetov is considered to be an informal business and political leader of Ukraine's Donbas region.
		For some Ukrainians this is being viewed as another cynical example of pro-government oligarchs profiting at their country's expense.
	ukraine.adoptionblogs.com /weblogs/richest-ukrainians-part-1 (719 words)

	Telegraph \| Money \| Russian oligarch buys LDV
		He is estimated to have paid around £50m for a business losing around £4m a month before it was bought out of administration by Sun European Partners eight months ago.
		Nikolai Smolenski, who has not quite graduated to oligarch status, agreed to safeguard the future of TVR, the quirky sports car marque he rescued two years ago, with an agreement to build a new factory in Blackpool.
		He is one of the elite group of Russian oligarchs who benefited from the chaos of the Yeltsin regime, rocketing from a lowly commodities dealer to take advantage of cheap asset sales and rub shoulders with the likes of Roman Abramovich, owner of Chelsea Football Club.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /money/main.jhtml?xml=/money/2006/08/01/cnldv01.xml (518 words)

	Russian media - television, radio, newspapers, maganizes -- practical information from WayToRussia.Net Guide to Russia
		Still, Vedomosti is considered to be the newspaper that is least influenced by various internal political and business interests.
		On the other side, the journalists in Kommersant were always famous for advocating journalists' freedom, so it is quite probable that Berezovsky's influence on the newspaper is limited.
		These channels are quite loyal to their owner, but allow themselves some critics and sarcasm, so it doesn't look like the old Soviet TV at all.
	www.waytorussia.net /WhatIsRussia/Media.html (1071 words)

	Guardian Unlimited Business \| \| Oligarch? I wish
		Simon Kukes hit London yesterday to persuade the world that the new chief executive of Russia's biggest oil company is not going to be banged up in jail like his predecessor.
		He was also out to assure the west it is business as usual at Yukos despite the continued imprisonment of its main shareholder and former boss Mikhail Khodorkovsky on fraud and tax evasion charges.
		Meanwhile some investors are worried that Mr Putin's clampdown on business is a prelude to re-privatisation and an attempt to turn the clock back to a more centrally controlled economy.
	business.guardian.co.uk /story/0,3604,1083637,00.html (1122 words)

	BakuTODAY.net - Russian Oligarch Poised to Sell Business Assets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Fugitive Russian oligarch Boris Berezovsky, who was granted political asylum in Britain, said Friday he would sell his business assets to his friend Badri Patarkatsishvili.
		Berezovsky refused to specify the list of business structures he intended to sell or their approximate value, calling it a commercial secret.
		The oligarch said the sale would be carried out after his assets were audited, which could take anywhere from several months to half a year.
	www.bakutoday.net /view.php?d=16388 (231 words)

	Business at Holistic Junction
		Business could also be an activity concerned with the supply and distribution of commodities.
		Business is also a term that designates the activities of those engaged in the purchase or sale of commodities or in related financial transactions.
		Furthermore, business can also apply to the manufacturing or processing of merchandise, as well as to the operation and functioning of public carriers of goods and persons.
	www.holisticjunction.com /categories/VOC/business.html (667 words)

	ISN Security Watch - Another opposition leader given harsh sentence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		A 49-year-old oil and cotton oligarch with business interests in Uzbekistan and the West, Umarov has headed the Sunshine Uzbekistan since it was formed in April 2005 -- in the wake of a revolution in neighboring Kyrgyzstan and one month before the bloody crackdown of a demonstration in Andijon.
		Some observers have said Umarov joined the opposition because his business was directly threatened by Gulnara Karimova and the president's other cronies who have been increasing their control over various sectors of the Uzbek economy.
		Most of them have grown up in the United States, where Umarov moved his family some years ago as his business expanded and part of it was transferred abroad.
	www.isn.ethz.ch /securitywatch/details.cfm?id=15002 (1210 words)

	RFE/RL Newsline, 03-11-03
		During the same 1 November ORT program, Yavlinskii said that he does not agree with Glazev that the courts are able to resolve privatization disputes because the courts are also part of the entire system of corrupt crony capitalism.
		This system, Yavlinskii said, is characterized by a lack of civilian control over the law enforcement organs and a business community that has effectively melded into the state bureaucracy, the Duma, and the mass media.
		The second part of the Yabloko package includes legislation on removing "aggressive" big business from the country's political life, including boosting transparency in lobbying; anticorruption measures to insulate the presidential administration, the government, and the legislature from bribery; and new laws on political parties and public television.
	www.hri.org /news/balkans/rferl/2003/03-11-03.rferl.html (9667 words)

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