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Topic: Butanoic acid

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	Carboxylic acid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Alkene oxidatative cleavage by potassium permanganate or chromic acid.
		Alkylbenzene oxidation of potassium permanganate to benzoic acids.
		Carboxylic acids are decarboxylated in the Hunsdiecker reaction and α-brominated in the Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky halogenation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carboxylic_acid (867 words)

	Butyric acid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Normal butyric acid or fermentation butyric acid is also found as a hexyl ester in the oil of Heracleum giganteum (cow parsnip) and as an octyl ester in parsnip (Pastinaca sativa); it has also been noticed in the fluids of the flesh and in perspiration.
		Butryic acid is used in the preparation of various butyrate esters.
		The acid is an oily colorless liquid that solidifies at -8 °C; it boils at 164 °C. It is easily soluble in water, ethanol and ether, and is thrown out of its aqueous solution by the addition of calcium chloride.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Butyric_acid (772 words)

	Carboxylic Acid Reactivity
		Acetic acid is ten times weaker an acid than formic acid (first two entries in the second row), confirming the electron donating character of an alkyl group relative to hydrogen, as noted earlier in a discussion of carbocation stability.
		Reactions in which the hydroxyl group of a carboxylic acid is replaced by another nucleophilic group are important for preparing functional derivatives of carboxylic acids.
		Acid catalysis is necessary to increase the electrophilic character of the carboxyl carbon atom, so it will bond more rapidly to the nucleophilic oxygen of the alcohol.
	www.cem.msu.edu /~reusch/VirtualText/crbacid1.htm (3475 words)

	[No title]
		Knight, C.D., R.A. Swick, J.J. Dibner and F.J. Ivey (1987) Absorption of 2-hydroxy-4methylthio)butanoic acid (Alimet) in the hindgut of the broiler chick.
		Dibner, J.J., C.D. Knight, R.A. Swick and F.J. Ivey (1988) Absorption of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid from the hindgut of the broiler chick.
		Dibner, J.J. and C.D. Knight (1984) Conversion of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid to L-methionine in the chick: A stereo-specific pathway.
	www.novusint.com /Public/Library/DocViewer.asp?ID=214 (1608 words)

	Fats, Oils, Fatty Acids, Triglycerides - Chemical Structure (Page 1 of 3)
		Butyric acid (butanoic acid) is one of the saturated short-chain fatty acids responsible for the characteristic flavor of butter.
		Thus, "9,12-octadecadienoic acid" indicates that there is an 18-carbon chain (octa deca) with two double bonds (di en) located at carbons 9 and 12, with carbon 1 constituting a carboxyl group (oic acid).
		For arachidonic acid, we subtract 14 from 20 to obtain 6; therefore, it is an omega-6 fatty acid.
	www.scientificpsychic.com /fitness/fattyacids.html (918 words)

	Quantitation of 4-Oxo-4-(3-pyridyl)butanoic Acid and Enantiomers of 4-Hydroxy-4-(3-pyridyl)butanoic Acid in Human ...
		The amounts of (S)-hydroxy acid were far higher than could be formed from NNK and NNN, and the total amount of hydroxy acid indicated that it was a substantial urinary metabolite of nicotine, in contrast to results with rats.
		These results indicate that conversion of nicotine to keto acid and hydroxy acid is a substantial metabolic pathway in humans, accounting for an estimated 14% of the nicotine dose.
		Apparently, keto acid is extensively converted to hydroxy acid in humans, in contrast to the results with rats.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/crtoec/1999/12/i02/abs/tx980214i.html (422 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - butyric acid
		BUTYRIC ACID [butyric acid] or butanoic acid, CH H, viscous, foul-smelling, liquid carboxylic acid; m.p.
		It is a low molecular weight fatty acid that is present in butter as an ester of glycerol; the odor of rancid butter is due largely to the presence of free butyric acid.
		Isobutyric acid, or 2-methylpropanoic acid, (CH H, is a geometric isomer of the butyric acid described above; it has different physical properties but similar chemical properties.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/b/butyrica.asp (224 words)

	Thietanium Ion Formation from the Food Mutagen 2-Chloro-4-(methylthio)butanoic Acid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		2-Chloro-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid (1) is a direct-acting mutagen and suspected gastric carcinogen isolated from fish preserved with salt and nitrite.
		H NMR spectroscopy and GC/MS as 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid and 4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(methylthio)butanoic acid or 2-anilino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid and 4-anilino-2-(methylthio)butanoic acid, respectively.
		The structures of these adducts indicate the intermediate formation of 1-methyl-2-thietaniumcarboxylic acid as a reactive intermediate derived from acid 1 that may be associated with its observed mutagenicity.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/crtoec/1998/11/i07/abs/tx980016r.html (243 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Attached to the butanoic acid at carbon #2 is an ethyl group and at carbon #3, a bromine; hence the name 3-bromo-2-ethylbutanoic acid.
		Acid halide substituents attached to rings are named using the suffix -carbonyl.
		Acid halide substituents attached to rings are named using the suffix -carboxylate.
	www.chem.uic.edu /web1/OCOL3/CH21/NOMEN.HTM (1432 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - butanoic acid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		BUTANOIC ACID [butanoic acid] IUPAC name for butyric acid.
		3-substituted-2-tetrahydroquinoxalinones from reductive cyclodehydration of the hemi amides of 2-(2'-nitrophenylamino)butanoic acids.
		Biologic Effects of and Clinical Disorders Caused by Nonprotein Amino Acids.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/X/X-butanoic.asp (183 words)

	Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA)
		Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) is used in the same manner as IAA and is accepted around the world as a propagating and rooting hormone for ornamental and fruit graftings and cuttings.
		Indone-3-Butyric Acid appears to be the most practical of the indole Alkonic Acid Series and is especially effective for initiating roots of both stems and leaves.
		In the agricultueral chemical field Indole-3-Butyric Acid is used to promote the rooting of plant cuttings and the ripening of fruit.ater absorption of the cells.
	www.interchemtechnologies.com /ic/IBA.htm (170 words)

	Repellent compositions - Patent 4818535
		The composition may comprise saturated alkanoic acids with carbon atoms in the range of 3-20; saturated aliphatic alcohols with carbon atoms in the range 14-16; various compounds containing primary or secondary amino groups and having carbon atoms in the range 3-9; a fermented egg product; a bittering agent and an adhesive agent.
		A repellent composition comprising (a) a synthetic blend of saturated alkanoic acids having 3-20 carbon atoms and which is characteristic of the acid fraction obtained by a Soxhlet extraction of lion feces followed by separation into basic, neutral and acid fractions; and (b) felinine.
		The invention provides a repellent composition comprising (a) a synthetic blend of components which are characteristic of the acid fraction obtained by a Soxhlet extraction of lion faeces followed by a separation into basic, neutral and acid fractions; and (b) L-felinine.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4818535.html (3104 words)

	#1 Site For Learning Chemistry
		The next acid with two carbon atoms is called ethanoic acid CH Its common name is acetic acid.
		Butanoic acid can also be written as CH as this molecular formula clearly indicates its structure.
		Most of these acids are obtained from hydrolysis of fats and are hence known as fatty acids.
	home.att.net /~cat6a/org_chem-IX.htm (1247 words)

	The Turnover of Cytoplasmic Triacylglycerols in Human Fibroblasts Involves Two Separate Acyl Chain Length-dependent ...
		Comparative studies of the uptake and metabolic utilization of short-chain and long-chain fluorescent pyrene fatty acids in cultured lymphoblasts (15) and in fibroblasts (16) have shown that short-chain (pyrene-butanoic) acid was incorporated into phospholipids but not in triacylglycerols, whereas long-chain (pyrene-decanoic and pyrene-dodecanoic) fatty acids were incorporated into phospholipids and triacylglycerols.
		Cellular lipids were extracted by the Folch procedure (22) and separated by TLC on Silica Gel G plates, using petroleum ether/diethyl ether/acetic acid (80/20/1 (v/v/v)) for the separation of the neutral lipids and chloroform/methanol/water (100/42/6 (v/v/v)) for the separation of the phospholipids.
		C]decanoic acid, and the radioactivity was localized in the membranes and in the cytoplasmic compartment (Fig.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/270/45/27027 (5995 words)

	butyric acid
		that is present in butter as an ester of glycerol; the odor of rancid butter is due largely to the presence of free butyric acid.
		Isobutyric acid, or 2-methylpropanoic acid, (CH H, is a geometric
		fatty acid - fatty acid, any of the organic carboxylic acids present in fats and oils as esters of glycerol.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/sci/A0809662.html (156 words)

	CHEMystery: Organic Chemistry: Carboxylic Acids
		Because carboxylic acids have both a lone oxygen and an OH group, they are strongly hydrogen-bonded to each other, therefore having high boiling points.
		In an mixture with carboxylic alcohol, an equilibrium reaction forms ester and water in the presence of heat and a strong acid catalyst.
		An ester is hydrolyzed to its parent acid and alcohol when it is heated together with a stoichiometric excess of water (with acid catalyst)--this is the reverse of the reaction above.
	library.advanced.org /3659/orgchem/carboxylicacids.html (393 words)

	Celanese Chemicals @ ChemBuyersGuide.com, Inc.
		2-butenal; 2-butenaldehyde; 3-methylacrolein; propylene aldehyde; crotonaldehyde stabilized; crotonal; crotonic aldehyde; crotonic acid aldehyde; 1-formylpropene
		HFo; acid, formic; methanoic acid; aminic acid; formylic acid; hydrogen carboxylic acid.
		HBu; butyric acid; butanoic acid; butanic acid; ethylacetic acid; propylformic acid; 1-propanecarboxylic acid
	www.chembuyersguide.com /partners/celanese.html (841 words)

	(2s)-2-amino-a-{[2-(ethanimidoylamino) ethyl]thio}butanoic acid, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, in stabilized ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		More preferably each molecule (2S)-2-amino-4-{[2-(ethanimidoylamino)ethyl]thio)butanoic acid is associated with at least one molecule of water, such as 1, 2 or 3 water molecules, especially 1 or 3 water molecules, preferably 1 water molecule.
		and starch, the antioxidant, chelating agent, or mixture thereof comprises EDTA, malic acid or ascorbic acid, or a mixture of EDTA and malic acid or a mixture of EDTA and ascorbic acid.
		The unpleasant taste that is sometimes associated with oral administration of a composition comprising (2S)-2-amino-4-{[2-(ethanimidoylamino)ethyl]thio- }butanoic acid may be substantially eliminated by the use of a film coat on the solid core.
	www.freshpatents.com /-2s--2-amino-a---2--ethanimidoylamino--ethyl-thio-butanoic-acid-a-nitric-oxide-synthase-inhibitor-in-stabilized-pharmaceutical-dosage-forms-dt20051006ptan20050222260.php (1428 words)

	Feeding 2-Hydroxy-4-(Methylthio)-Butanoic Acid to Periparturient Dairy Cows Improves Milk Production but not Hepatic ...
		Effects of fatty acids and hormones on fatty acid metabolism and gluconeogenesis in bovine hepatocytes.
		Metabolism of long-chain fatty acids by ruminant liver.
		Hepatic fatty acid composition in periparturient dairy cows with fatty liver induced by intake of a high energy diet in the dry period.
	www.dairy-science.org /cgi/content/full/87/4/1071 (6674 words)

	an introduction to acyl chlorides (acid chlorides)
		Acyl chlorides (also known as acid chlorides) are one example of an acid derivative.
		The strong smell of ethanoyl chloride is a mixture of the smell of vinegar (ethanoic acid) and the acrid smell of hydrogen chloride gas.
		The smell and the fumes are because ethanoyl chloride reacts with water vapour in the air.
	www.chemguide.co.uk /organicprops/acylchlorides/background.html (618 words)

	(0)C07K:0/5:
		"amino acids" are compounds in which at least one amino group and at least one carboxyl group are bound to the same carbon skeleton and the nitrogen atom of the amino group may form part of a ring;
		Fragments of peptides or peptides modified by removal or addition of amino acids, by substitution of amino acids by others, or by combination of these modifications are classified as the parent peptides.
		However, fragments of peptides having only four or less amino acids are also classified in group C 07 K 5/00.
	www.wipo.int /classifications/fulltext/ipc/ipc6en/db/c07k0001.htm (644 words)

	Patent 6,664,069
		receptor agonist is a substituted aminopropyl acid derivative where the acidic head is a carboxylic group, a phosphinic group, a phosphonous group or a sulfinic group.
		ligands such as for example baclofen, (3-aminopropyl)methylphosphinic acid and (3-amino-2-(S)-hydroxypropyl)methylphosphinic acid are of amphoteric nature and may be present in the form of internal salts.
		Suitable acids for the formation of such salts include, for example, mineral acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric or phosphoric acid or organic acids such as organic sulfonic acids and organic carboxylic acids.
	www.pharmcast.com /Patents100/Yr2003/Dec2003/121603/6664069_GABA121603.htm (1318 words)

	[No title]
		Acetic acid is less acidic than formic acid.
		1&2 19) benzoic acid is soluble in 1.
		Triple bond 24) _______ is used as dehydrating agent in acetic acid dehydration to acetic anhydride 1.
	www.it.iitb.ac.in /~vallies/chjmistry_4.doc (733 words)

	[No title]
		Ethanoic acid, hexanoic acid, butanoic acid, methanoic acid Ques.
		Also show how acetic acid can hydrogen bond with water, but that methyl ethanoate is unable to hydrogen bond to each other.
		Ester SynthesisAlcohol + acid (ester + waterMethanol + ethanoic acid Ques.
	www.elmhurst.edu /~chm/onlcourse/CHM103/Week4AcidsEsters.doc (1499 words)

	Pharmacokinetics of Alpha-Lipoic Acid in Subjects With Severe Kidney Damage and End-Stage Renal Disease -- Teichert et ...
		Pharmacokinetics of Alpha-Lipoic Acid in Subjects With Severe Kidney Damage and End-Stage Renal Disease -- Teichert et al.
		alpha-lipoic acid was poorly correlated with creatinine clearance.
		pharmacokinetics of alpha-lipoic acid are not influenced by
	jcp.sagepub.com /cgi/content/abstract/45/3/313 (427 words)

	[No title]
		A. butanol C. butanoic acid E. butanal B. butane D. butanone 3.
		The conversion of an alcohol to an aldehyde is known as: oxidation C. addition E. dehydration reduction D. hydrolysis 5.
		CH3-C-CH3 C. Reaction of an alcohol with an acid produces a(n): hemiacetal B. acetal C. ester D. ether E. aldehyde 8.
	www.chem.sc.edu /faculty/baynes/Quiz298.doc (498 words)

	Effects of 2-Hydroxy-4-(methylthio) Butanoic Acid (HMB) on Microbial Growth in Continuous Culture -- Noftsger et al. 86 ...
		carboxylation and transamination of the fatty acid (Wallace, 1997).
		Influence of methionine hydroxy analog and dl-Methionine on rumen protozoa and volatile fatty acids.
		Concentrations and flow of free amino acids in ruminal and duodenal liquid of dairy cows in relation to feed composition, time of feeding and level of feed intake.
	jds.fass.org /cgi/content/full/86/8/2629 (3673 words)

	PSIgate - Physical Sciences Information Gateway: Search/Browse Results (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Safety (MSDS) data for vinyl acetate General Synonyms: acetic acid ethenyl ester, acetic acid ethylene ether, acetoxyethene, 1-acetoxyethylene, ethenyl ethanoate, ethenyl acetate, vinyl acetate monomer, acetic acid vinyl ester, vyac, zeset T Mole...
		Acid Base Equlibrium Problem Set I For a 0.1 M solution of HCl calculate the equlibrium concentration of H 3 O 1+ Cl 1- OH 1- For a 0.1 M solution of KOH calculate the equlibrium concentration of K 1+ H 3 O 1+ OH 1- For a 0.1 M solution of ac...
		Acid Base Problem Set II This problem set was developed by S.E. Van Bramer for Chemistry 146 at Widener University.
	www.psigate.ac.uk /roads/cgi-bin/search_webcatalogue2.pl?limit=850&term1=acid-base (962 words)

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