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Topic: Butanol

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Isomer

Amyl alcohol

Heptane

Alcohol

Butyl

Fusel oil

Bioalcohol

Ethanol

Alcohol fuel

Ethylene

Methanol

Anthracene

Ammonia

Carboxylic acid

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	BUTANOL Advances in Biofuels
		Butanol is safer to handle with a Reid Value of 0.33 psi, which is a measure of a fluid's rate of evaporation when compared to gasoline at 4.5 and ethanol at 2.0 psi.
		Butanol is an industrial commodity, with a 370 million gallons per year market with a selling price of $3.75 per gallon.
		Hydrogen generated during the butanol fermentation process is easily recovered, increasing the energy yield of a bushel of corn by an additional 18 percent over the energy yield of ethanol produced from the same quantity of corn.
	www.lightparty.com /Energy/Butanol.html (1361 words)

	Butanol - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-16)
		Butanol is a higher alcohol with a 4 carbon atoms and a general formula of C
		Butanol may also be used as a fuel for an automobile with the standard internal combustion engine.
		Typically, butanol is the product of fermentation of biomass with the bacterium Clostridium acetobutylicum, also known as the Weizmann organism.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Butanol (209 words)

	Directory:Butanol - PESWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-16)
		Butanol can be produced at an estimated cost of 85 cents per gallon, and is a direct replacement for gasoline, which ethanol cannot be.
		Butanol also has a high cetane number (CN25, diesel averages CN45, ethanol CN9) which allows butanol to be blended with petrodiesel and with vegetable oils (where it also reduces the gel temperature point and the viscosity) to produce biodiesel, with some positive environmental effects.
		Butanol (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butanol) is a higher alcohol with a 4 carbon atom structure and a general formula of C
	www.peswiki.com /index.php/Directory:Butanol (1550 words)

	Continuous two stage, dual path anaerobic fermentation of butanol and other organic solvents using two different ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-16)
		In the C. tyrobutyricum reaction the potential for conversion of butyric acid to butanol is 38% of the incoming carbohydrates.
		This is a 53% increase in the effective use of carbohydrates to produce butanol, because the carbon source is not used to produce multiple by-products such as acetone, ethanol, isopropanol and associated acids (lactic and acetic).
		Butanol and other volatile organic compounds are removed continuously from the Solventogenesis Reactor 11 by activate charcoal, membranes or per vaporation or other technologies known to the art in order to maintain vibrant growth and conversion of acids into solvents.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5753474.html (5328 words)

	Jamaica Gleaner News - Butanol touted as alternative energy source - Thursday \| November 30, 2006
		Butanol, or butyl alcohol, is an alcohol with a four-carbon structure, primarily used as a solvent, an intermediate in chemical synthesis, and as a fuel.
		Butanol has been demonstrated to work in some vehicles designed for use with gasolene without any modification.
		Butanol can be used as a replacement for gasolene gallon for gallon (e.g., 100 per cent), or any other percentage.
	www.jamaica-gleaner.com /gleaner/20061130/news/news6.html (449 words)

	USATODAY.com - DuPont, BP join to make butanol; they say it outperforms ethanol as a fuel additive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-16)
		Like ethanol, butanol is an alcohol compound, but with four carbon atoms instead of two.
		The U.S. fuel market has been constrained by the fact that ethanol, which attracts water molecules and therefore tends to corrode pipelines, must be transported on trucks, trains and barges in relatively small batches to storage terminals where it is blended with gasoline.
		The second phase of the venture involves developing a genetically-modified microbe, or "ultimate bug," as the catalyst for new technology to significantly improve the conversion ratio in processing feedstocks into biobutanol, boosting fuel yield and concentration.
	www.usatoday.com /money/industries/energy/2006-06-20-butanol_x.htm (622 words)

	R-Squared Energy Blog: Bio-Butanol
		Butanol is an alcohol like ethanol, but whereas ethanol has 2 carbon atoms, butanol has 4.
		Butanol is less toxic than methanol, but more toxic than ethanol, and it is somewhat soluble in water.
		Because butanol fermentation requires special microorganisms, and my bet would be that they are not that easy to maintain, it is probably not something that one could do at home.
	i-r-squared.blogspot.com /2006/05/bio-butanol.html (5753 words)

	commbuta
		Butanol is a commodity chemical feedstock and solvent that was primarily produced by industrial fermentation.
		Butanol is primarily used as a feedstock chemical in the manufacture of lacquers, rayon, plasticizers, coatings, detergents, and brake fluids.
		Butanol, which has low miscibility with water, exhibits high miscibility with both diesel and gasoline compared to methanol, an important factor when considering blend mixtures and choice of co-solvents.
	www.ilcorn.org /vec/ICMB_ICGA_Projects/reports/97011102mbi.html (5421 words)

	Green Car Congress: Boosting Biomass-to...Butanol? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-16)
		In conventional fermentations, the butanol yield from glucose is low—between 15%–25%—and the butanol concentration in the fermentation is usually lower than 1.3%.
		Ramey’s fermentation only produces hydrogen, butyric acid, butanol and carbon dioxide, and doubles the yield of butanol from a bushel of corn from 1.3 to 2.5 gallons per bushel—equivalent to corn ethanol’s fermentative yield, but with higher heat content and hydrogen as a co-product.
		Butanol itself could be reformed for hydrogen for use in fuel cells, and the production process itself produces hydrogen.
	www.greencarcongress.com /2005/07/boosting_biomas.html (2246 words)

	Butanol - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Butanol or butyl alcohol (sometimes also called biobutanol when produced biologically), is an alcohol with a 4 carbon structure and the molecular formula of C
		The unmodified term butanol usually refers to the straight chain isomer with the alcohol functional group at the terminal carbon, which is also known as n-butanol or 1-butanol.
		Butanol at 85 percent strength can be used in cars without any change to the engine (unlike ethanol) and it produces more power than ethanol and almost as much power as gasoline.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Butanol (471 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > Features -- With a dream in the gas tank, he headed west
		His chosen fuel was butanol, which like its better-known cousin, ethanol, is derived from corn but which, unlike ethanol, almost nobody is touting as a renewable, nonpolluting fuel of the future.
		Commercial use of butanol began in 1916, when Chaim Weizmann, a scientist and eventually the first president of Israel, invented a process employing a bacterium called Clostridium acetobutylicum to convert fermented corn starches into acetone, which could then be used to make dynamite.
		Butanol and ethanol were byproducts of the fermentation process, but soon found uses as well.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/features/20050803-9999-lz1c03ramey.html (1185 words)

	As Gas Prices Climb, Butanol Research Reaches Exciting Stage (University of Illinois Extension)
		At last week's Conference on Sustainable Bioenergy at the University of Illinois, U of I professor Hans Blaschek was able to report significant advances in his butanol research, welcome news to attendees who had paid $3.08 a gallon to fill up their gas tanks in Chicago that morning.
		Butanol can also be used as a feedstock chemical for producing polymers and plastics.
		Demand for butanol could translate into the utilization of 400 million additional bushels of corn or the equivalent amount of agricultural biomass in the United States annually, making farmers as well as drivers happy, he said.
	web.extension.uiuc.edu /hmw/news/news3010.html (400 words)

	[No title]
		Butanol is currently an industrial commodity, with a 2.4 billion pound per year market selling for more than gasoline at $3.38 per gallon.
		Hydrogen generated during the butanol fermentation process is easily recovered, increasing the energy yield of a bushel of corn by an additional 18% over the energy yield of ethanol produced from the same quantity of corn.
		Butanol is an important industrial solvent and is a better fuel extender/oxygenate than ethanol and a 100% replacement for gasoline, as proven by EEI’s trip across the nation July — August 2005.
	www.butanol.com /page6.html (2373 words)

	Air Stripping of 1-Butanol During Cleaning of the 242-16H Evaporator: 1. Model Development and Conservative Predictions
		The butanol release rate is calculated by solving three mass balances: a mass balance of butanol in the entire evaporator pot, an overall butanol balance in the bubble column, and a differential mass balance for the bubble column.
		Butanol removal is a function of sparge rate, with greater sparge rates leading to greater degrees of butanol removal.
		While butanol removal rates are higher at higher temperatures, the increase in hydrolysis rates at higher temperatures causes the amount of butanol remaining in the pot to increase with temperature.
	sti.srs.gov /fulltext/tr2001074/tr2001074.html (3778 words)

	The Free Press -- Independent News Media - Bob Fitrakis
		Butanol declined as a fuel during the 1940s and 50s primarily because of cheap oil.
		Butanol was not revived during the original oil crisis in the 1970s when ethanol emerged as an alternative biomass fuel.
		Other advantages of butanol are, unlike natural gas, it does not have to be stored in high pressure containers nor blended in any way with fossil fuel.
	www.freepress.org /columns/display/3/2005/1255 (931 words)

	Butanol: Are You Still Out There? - AutoblogGreen
		In the 1970s and 1980s, when that energy crisis caused scientists and politicians to start the hunt for a gasoline substitute, butanol and ethanol were brought to the table as possible replacement fuels.
		Butanol, an alcohol that can be derived from fermentation or from petroleum, showed promise: it burns cleaner than ethanol, has a higher energy output, can travel through existing gasoline pipelines, and can be used at 100% concentrations in unmodified vehicles.
		Butanol is a higher alcohol with a 4 carbon atom structure and a general formula of C4H10O.
	www.autobloggreen.com /2006/05/01/butanol-are-you-still-out-there (963 words)

	Kiriath-Arba: Butanol on NPR
		Today most commercial butanol is derived from fossil fuels and used as a solvent.
		Unlike ethanol, butanol can be transported through existing gasoline pipes and be mixed with gasoline in any ratio to run in gasoline-burning cars without modification (wikipedia entry has some reservations).
		The cost of producing butanol this way has historically been prohibitive, however, which is why commercial butanol today is produced from fossil fuels.
	kiriath-arba.blogspot.com /2007/01/butanol-on-npr.html (565 words)

	What about Butanol? \| The Agonist
		Butanol is a 4-carbon alcohol that can be manufactured from grains or from cellulose--that is—-plant matter.
		The fermentation processes to produce butanol and propanol from cellulose are fairly tricky to execute, and the Weizmann organism (Clostridium acetobutylicum) used to perform these conversions produces an extremely unpleasant smell that must be considered when designing and locating a fermentation plant.
		Butanol is better but the corn lobby has the politicians on the ethanol wagon.
	agonist.org /jimbo92107/20060604/what_about_butanol (3975 words)

	Butanol
		of butanol were produced worldwide by petrochemical processes in 1989.
		Butanol from a bushel of cor when using these developed strains.
		Assuming that these bacterial strains can be scaled-up, corn based butanol should be produced at.27 cents per lbs., 34% less than the petroleum based butanol.
	www.ilcorn.org /Corn_Products/Butanol/butanol.html (187 words)

	Greener Miles blog \| Ford and TerraPass bring you Greener Miles
		Unlike ethanol, butanol is doesn’t attract water, which means it can be shipped in existing fuel piepelines.
		Butanol holds the same promise of being able to made from cellusosic materials.
		Butanol is too new for formal data to exist on the total carbon impact of growing, manufacturing, transporting, and using the fuel.
	www.terrapass.com /ford/blog/posts/butanol_the_nex-428.html (616 words)

	The Environment and Butanol
		Butanol might be easier to work with then gasoline and cleaner than dielsel.
		Butanol leaves less mess (no oil residue after evaporation).
		No long term studies have been taken on at this time to determine the real ground water effects of using butanol as a general transportation fuel and safe reforming source for hydrogen in the fuel cell paradigm of the future.
	butanol.com /page10.html (573 words)

	Truth About Trade & Technology - BP's Bet on Butanol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-16)
		While butanol, like ethanol, can be made from corn starch or sugar beets, its properties are a lot more like gasoline than like ethanol.
		TR: BP is focusing on a relatively obscure fuel: butanol.
		Butanol is, we think, an innovation that overcomes many of the drawbacks.
	www.truthabouttrade.org /article.asp?id=7305 (1277 words)

	Living on Earth: Pumping Up Butanol
		But butanol delivers more miles to the gallon, it's not corrosive like ethanol and it can be burned in gasoline engines without modifications.
		Right now butanol costs more than gasoline but there are new processes that could make it much cheaper, and that's what BP and DuPont seem to be counting on.
		Butanol has a higher energy content than ethanol, pretty close to gasoline maybe 85 or 90 percent.
	www.loe.org /shows/segments.htm?programID=06-P13-00026&segmentID=2 (1077 words)

	Oxidation of the Butanol Isomers
		butanol is added to the third conical measure.
		The orange color of the dichromate solution in the samples, treated with primary and secondary butanol turns green and finally blueish.
		Primary and secondary butanol reduce yellow Cr ions to grey-blue Cr (aq) ions.
	www.uni-regensburg.de /Fakultaeten/nat_Fak_IV/Organische_Chemie/Didaktik/Keusch/D-Butanol-e.htm (273 words)

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