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Topic: Butter of antimony

	Antimony in alchemy
		Antimony compounds especially the trisulphide were used in antiquity, for example Kohl (al-koh'l of the Arabs), used to stain the eyelids.
		Butter of antimony = antimony trichloride, in the form of a waxy paste or translucent fatty mass.
		It is a compound of antimony trioxide and trisulphide.
	www.levity.com /alchemy/antimony_in_alchemy.html (575 words)

	Antimony - LoveToKnow 1911
		Antimony and its salts may be readily detected by the orange precipitate of antimony sulphide which is produced when sulphuretted hydrogen is passed through their acid solutions, and also by the Marsh test (see Arsenic); in this latter case the fl stain produced is not soluble in bleaching powder solution.
		Antimony trichloride ("Butter of Antimony"), SbCl 31 is obtained by burning the metal in chlorine; by distilling antimony with excess of mercuric chloride; and by fractional distillation of antimony tetroxide or trisulphide in hydrochloric acid solution.
		Antimony trifluoride, SbF 3, is obtained by dissolving the trioxide in aqueous hydrofluoric acid or by distilling antimony with mercuric fluoride.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /A/AN/ANTIMONY.htm (3151 words)

	ANTIMONY (symbol Sb, a... - Online Information article about ANTIMONY (symbol Sb, a... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Antimony pentachloride, SbC15, is prepared by heating the trichloride in a current of chlorine.
		Antimony triflhoride, SbF3, is obtained by dissolving the trioxide in aqueous hydrofluoric acid or by distilling antimony with mercuric fluoride.
		Antimony pentasulphide, SbzSs, is prepared by precipitating a solution of the pentachloride with sulphuretted hydrogen, by decomposing " Schlippe's salt " (q.v.) with an acid, or by passing sulphuretted hydrogen into water containing antimonic acid.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /ANC_APO/ANTIMONY_symbol_Sb_atomic_weigh.html (3612 words)

	Antimony - Search View - MSN Encarta
		Antimony's compounds were known in ancient times, and the element was probably discovered by the German alchemist Basil Valentine about 1450.
		Considerable amounts of antimony are produced as a by-product in the refining of ores of copper and lead.
		Liquid antimony has the exceptional property, when cooling, of expanding as it solidifies (water is one of the few other substances with this same property).
	encarta.msn.com /text_761554420__1/Antimony.html (362 words)

	butter - definition by dict.die.net
		Any substance resembling butter in degree of consistence, or other qualities, especially, in old chemistry, the chlorides, as butter of antimony, sesquichloride of antimony; also, certain concrete fat oils remaining nearly solid at ordinary temperatures, as butter of cacao, vegetable butter, shea butter.
		Butter and eggs (Bot.), a name given to several plants having flowers of two shades of yellow, as Narcissus incomparabilis, and in the United States to the toadflax (Linaria vulgaris).
		Butter tree (Bot.), a tree of the genus Bassia, the seeds of which yield a substance closely resembling butter.
	dict.die.net /butter (291 words)

	Encyclopedia
		Antimony’s compounds were known in ancient times, and the element was probably discovered by the German alchemist Basil Valentine (b.
		Antimony generally shows the properties of a metal, but sometimes shows those of a nonmetal.
		STIBNITE, (q.v.), a sulfide of antimony, which is mined in China, France, Italy, Japan, Mexico, and, on a small scale, in the western U.S. Considerable amounts of antimony are produced as a by-product in the refining of ores of copper and lead.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?vendorId=FWNE.fw..an115400.a#FWNE.fw..an115400.a (294 words)

	Antimony - MSN Encarta
		The atomic number of antimony is 51; the element is in group 15 (or Va) of the periodic table (see Periodic Law).
		The principal ore of antimony is stibnite, a sulfide of antimony, which is mined in China, France, Italy, Japan, Mexico, and, on a small scale, in the western United States.
		For this reason, it is used in making type metal; it is also a constituent of many other alloys, such as Britannia metal, pewter, Babbitt metal and antimonial lead.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761554420 (301 words)

	PON Seminars -- Theory - The Butter of Antimony
		This, the butter of antimony will be very useful in the Urbigerus path, it's a very rapid path.
		And you have to be very careful, a few drops of water on the butter transforms it to algaroth.
		This is heated at between 240 and 260 C and the butter will come in the flask beneath.
	www.levity.com /alchemy/pon-13.html (523 words)

	Definition of "antimony", 22C:096, University of Iowa
		Its metallic characteristics are less pronounced than those of the metals generally; and it forms the fourth member of the natural series nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, and some others, which are in different combinations triads and pentads.
		Arts I. 196 Native Antimony is a mineral of a tin-white colour and streak, and of a metallic lustre.
		80 The antimony mines are chiefly in Hungary, Transylvania and Germany.
	people.cs.uchicago.edu /~odonnell/OData/Courses/22C:096/Definitions/antimony.def.html (597 words)

	butter: definition, usage and pronunciation - YourDictionary.com
		any of certain other spreads for bread apple butter, peanut butter
		any of certain metallic chlorides butter of antimony
		look as if butter would not melt in one's mouth
	www.yourdictionary.com /butter (105 words)

	Alchemical and archaic chemistry terms
		), butter of tin was a hydrate of tin tetrachloride (SnCl
		Antimony and arsenic have similar properties and were often confused; their compounds were not really disentangled till the 19th century.
		Antimony was very popular in medieval times as a medicine, and the confusion with arsenic probably prematurely dispatched many a patient.
	www.alchemywebsite.com /al_term1.html (1412 words)

	Joseph Du Chesne: Treatise on Metallic Medicine (Alchemy)
		Antimony is hermaphroditic, male and female, of both natures, Sulphur and, Mercury, fixed and volatile, the first-born of the metallic nature, middle substance between Mercury and metal, the only natural solvent and natural fire with which all things can be mixed, the Dragon and the devouring Lion, the solvent and the coagulant.
		To achieve a complete recovery, he made her take some of this crocus of antimony for one month, mixed with a diuretic extract, only in the proportion of 6 or 7 grains to 1 dram of diuretic, which she took in the morning.
		Take antimony glass, pulverize it, and mix 2 oz of it with 1 oz of candied sugar, add to it some excellent spirit of wine, set it on fire, and stir it with a spoon till it is completely extinguished.
	www.rexresearch.com /duchesn/duchesne.htm (23641 words)

	Antimony pentachloride (UK PID) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Excretion Antimony compounds are eliminated mainly in the urine, with small amounts appearing in faeces via bile after conjugation with glutathione.
		Antimony trioxide patch testing was negative whilst injection of methacholine into the affected areas caused enlargement of the lesions.
		Animal studies The LD of intramuscular antimony tartrate administered to rabbits was raised from 90 mg Sb/kg in controls to 160 mg Sb/kg in animals treated with intramuscular dimercaprol (30 mg/kg one hour after intoxication followed by 15 mg/kg at six, 24 and 48 hours) (Braun et al, 1946).
	www.intox.org /databank/documents/chemical/antpenta/ukpid36.htm (4237 words)

	The Chymistry of Isaac Newton: Reference & Instructional Tools:Alchemical Glossary
		The name is occasionally transferred analogically to other medicinal substances, such as Bezoardicum minerale (mineral bezoar, a precipitate of antimony pentoxide produced by the action of aqua fortis on butter of antimony).
		Usually prepared in in the seventeenth century by distilling a dry mixture of corrosive sublimate (mercuric chloride) and antimony (antimony trisulphide); the "butter" distills over as a white or yellowish fluid that congeals into a solid of a buttery consistency.
		Antimony oxychloride; a poisonous and violently emetic white powder made by precipitating butter of antimony with water.
	webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu /newton/reference/glossary.do (1939 words)

	Mason-Dixon Line’s Civil War Health Department
		Keep the patient constantly sickish by giving ten, fiftee, or twenty drops of antimonial wine-regulating the dose in this, as in all cases, by the age-every hour or two, and continue it until the breathing is ease, or the condition of the patient’s strength tells you to leave off.
		Antimonial wine depresses the strength very much, and therefore its effects should be closely watched.
		Among important compounds of antimony are tartar emetic, a double tartrate of antimony and potassium used as a medicinal agent and butter of antimony, antimony trichloride, used for bronzing steel, as a mordant in dyeing, and as a caustic in medicine.
	www.geocities.com /pentagon/barracks/1369/medicine.html (1767 words)

	ANTIMONY IN MEDICAL HISTORY, by R.Ian McCallum (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Following chapters explore the alchemical and pharmaceutical use of antimony in the 16th and 17th centuries.
		An intriguing chapter on alchemical symbolism explicates the functional aspect of antimony, known as "lupus metalorum", the wolf of metals.
		Also included is a table of 26 classic antimony preparations accompanied by their physical description and chemistry.
	www.azothgallery.com /caezza_antimony_rev.html (779 words)

	Butter - definition from Biology-Online.org
		Any substance resembling butter in degree of consistence, or other qualities, especially, in old chemistry, the chloridess, as butter of antimony, sesquichloride of antimony; also, certain concrete fat oils remaining nearly solid at ordinary temperatures, as butter of cacao, vegetable butter, shea butter.
		(Science: botany) butter and eggs, a tree of the genus Bassia, the seeds of which yield a substance closely resembling butter.
		The butter tree of india is the B. Butyracea; that of Africa is the shea tree (B. Parkii).
	www.biology-online.org /dictionary/Butter (199 words)

	Antimony III trichloride (UK PID) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Antimony trichloride is used widely as a chemical reagent and has been used in veterinary practice.
		Distribution Absorbed trivalent antimony readily enters red blood cells and accumulates primarily in the spleen, liver and bone (IPCS, 1996).
		There is some evidence that occupational antimony exposure is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer although frequent concomitant exposure to arsenic and other heavy metals precludes a definitive conclusion about its carcinogenic potential (Gerhardsson et al, 1982; McCallum, 1989; Gerhardsson and Nordberg, 1993; Jones, 1994; Schnorr et al, 1995).
	www.intox.org /databank/documents/chemical/anttrich/ukpid35.htm (4360 words)

	The Household Cyclopedia - Metallurgy
		The antimony being of easy fusion is separated, and runs through the holes of the upper vessel into the inferior one, where it is collected.
		Dissolve the ore in aqua regia; the sulphur is seperated by filtration.
		The antimony gives a hardness to the lead, without which the type would speedily be rendered useless in a printing press.
	www.mspong.org /cyclopedia/metallurgy.html (17867 words)

	British Eighteenth-Century Chemical Terms - Part 1 (A-H)
		Misture of antimony oxide and potassium antimoniate (Sb ; KSbO
		Mixture of a antimony oxide and potassium antimonate (Sb ; KSbO
		Oxides of antimony, probably primarily the trioxide (Sb) which forms when antimony ore (Sb) is heated in air.
	dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us /webdocs/Chem-History/Obsolete-Chem-Terms1.html (2430 words)

	Poison - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In it are included also the concentrated mineral acids (sulphuric, nitric and hydrochloric); oxalic acid; the alkalies (potash, soda, and ammonia) and their carbonates; acid, alkaline, and corrosive salts of the metals (such as bisulphate of potash, alum, butter of antimony and nitrate of silver); also carbolic acid.
		The symptoms produced by the mineral acids and the alkalies are almost altogether referable to local action; but some corrosive poisons, such as carbolic acid, produce, besides a local action, remote and specific constitutional effects.
		Other irritants are the moderately diluted acids, many metallic salts, such as those of antimony, lead, copper, zinc and chromium.
	www.1911ency.org /P/PO/POISON.htm (4577 words)

	British Eighteenth-Century Chemical Terms - Part 2 (I-R)
		A natural mixture of antimony oxide or a mixture obtained in the laboratory by the actions of potassium carbonate on antimony sulphide.
		Mixture of antimony oxychloride and antimony oxides (Sb ; Sb, Sb, SbOCl).
		Mixture of antimony oxychloride and antimony oxide (Sb ; Sb, SbOCl).
	dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us /webdocs/Chem-History/Obsolete-Chem-Terms2.html (2530 words)

	Lavoisier's Elements of Chemistry
		The names of oil of tartar per deliquium, oil of vitriol, butter of arsenic and of antimony, flowers of zinc, andc.
		When we published our essay on the nomenclature of chemistry, we were reproached for having changed the language which was spoken by our masters, which they distinguished by their authority, and handed down to us.
		Butter of arsenic (arsenic trichloride) is an oily liquid; and butter of antimony (antimony trichloride) is a colorless deliquescent solid.
	web.lemoyne.edu /~GIUNTA/EA/LAVPREFann.HTML (6689 words)

	The Alchemists Garret - Lexicon
		But it could be said to be a acetate of lead (which not always but occassionally forms from a green oil).
		Properly the oil of Antimony in a crude state, precipitated out of an alkaline menstrum by neutralization through an acid.
		A white powder of antimonious oxychloride, made by by precipitation when a solution of butter of antimony in spirit of salt is poured into water.
	www.angelfire.com /nb/alchemy/lexicon.htm (1142 words)

	Meridian Institute - Home Page
		-- Tartar emetic, butter of antimony, oxide of antimony.
		If no common tea is at hand, use an infusion of oak, elm, aloe, currant, or flberry bark or leaves, the requirements being a vegetable astringent.
		If the butter of antimony has been taken, resort to the treatment advised for acids.
	www.meridianinstitute.com /echerb/Files/classics/brown/br12.html (2201 words)

	Experimental History of Colour
		THERE is a fourth way contrary to the third, whereby a liquor may change the colour of another body, especially of another fluid; and that is, by procuring the coalition of several particles that before lay too scattered and dispersed to exhibit the colour that afterwards appears.
		And so out of the rectified and transparent butter of antimony, by the bare mixture of fair water, there will be plentifully precipitated that milk-white substance, which by having its looser salts well washed off, is turned into that medicine, which vulgar chymists are pleased to call Mercurius Vitæ.
		A FIFTH way, by which a liquor may change the colour of a body, is, by dislocating the parts, and putting them out of their former order into another, and perhaps also altering the posture of the single corpuscles as well as their order or situation in respect of one another.
	www.csulb.edu /~percept/rboyle.html (4376 words)

	Glossary of terms used in the work-diaries of Robert Boyle (Site not responding. Last check: )
		white crystalline antimony trichloride, made by dissolving antimony trisulphide (the native form of the antimony ore) in hydrochloric acid and distilling it, or by distilling a mixture of the antimony ore with corrosive sublimate (mercuric chloride)
		any sublimate prepared from antimony trisulphide (the native ore), these flowers are generally white when the sublimation is carried out in the air (antimony oxides), but sometimes red or fl (antimony sulphides) when the sublimation is done in closed vessels
		a solvent developed by Boyle himself, made by distilling aqua fortis with butter of antimony (antimony trichlordie); Boyle claimed that it could volatilise gold and transmute a portion of that metal into silver.
	www.bbk.ac.uk /~ubra110/Glossary.xml (3903 words)

	THE ARTEPHIUS WORK (Site not responding. Last check: )
		These elements are enough for us to deduce which will be the matters and the result of its chemical reaction in view to obtaining the solvent of the gold and of the silver.
		Chemically, it is an antimony dichloride that is to say antimony butter that melts at about 70ºC. It is not necessary to tell you that you will have to have some knowledge of the antimony dry way so you can prepare its regulus.
		This distillation is not easy and it requires a special "hand work" in respects to the heat otherwise its butter coagulates in the retort throat impeding like this the distillation.
	pwp.netcabo.pt /r.petrinus/Artephius-e.htm (438 words)

	Chemical & Engineering News: Books - LAVOISIER'S LEGACY
		And rightly so, for as Madison Smartt Bell explains in his new book "Lavoisier In the Year One: The Birth of a New Science in an Age of Revolution"--the curious title refers to the revision of the calendar by the French Revolutionaries--Lavoisier was proposing much more than an exercise in relabeling.
		He wanted to do away with the arbitrariness of old chemical names, which were often more fanciful than informative: butter of antimony, flower of zinc.
		In its place would be a rational system that not only told you clearly what a compound contained, but also provided a framework for naming as-yet-undiscovered combinations of elements.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/books/83/8338books.html (1101 words)

	Chapter Butchering <i>to</i> Buttonmold of B by Webster's Dictionary (1913 Edition)
		a small vessel for holding melted butter at table.
		a piece of carved wood used to mark pats of butter; — called also butter stamp.
		a tree of the genus Bassia, the seeds of which yield a substance closely resembling butter.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/3/257/1193/22118/3.html (386 words)

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