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	Butterfield Stage -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		It was a conduit for the US (The bags of letters and packages that are transported by the postal service) mail between (additional info and facts about St. Louis, Missouri) St.
		John Butterfield won a federal contract in 1857 and was paid $600,000 (USD) to get the mail between St. Louis and San Francisco in 25 days.
		At that time it was the largest land mail contract ever awarded in the US.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/bu/butterfield_stage.htm (314 words)

	Butterfield Stage Route and Pony Express: Updated 02/21/01"
		John Butterfield, who wore a long yellow linen duster, a flat-brimmed hat, and tucked his pants into high boots, told his drivers, "Remember boys, nothing on God's earth must stop the mail!" He at first had planned to carry four passengers.
		Butterfield agreed with their statement as it related to the summer months, but said that during the winter the northern route would be closed by snow.
		In 1859, an additional overland mail route was established under the ownership of the Leavenworth and Pike's Peak Express.
	www.over-land.com /mail.html (1359 words)

	Stagecoach - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A stagecoach is a type of four-wheeled enclosed passenger and/or mail coach, strongly sprung and drawn by four horses, widely used before the introduction of railway transport.
		Nine Overland Stage owners had entered bids for the U.S. Mail contract it was awarded to Butterfield Overland Stage Company on September 15, 1857.
		Originally all of the Overland Stage owners had submitted routes with relay station 's and frontier forts that were north of Albuquerque, New Mexico territory they had no knowledge of what was called the ox bow route.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Stagecoach (957 words)

	Southern New Mexico Travel and Tourism Information: The Butterfield Overland Mail — stitching the ...
		On the historical scale, the Butterfield Overland Mail was symbolic of the doctrine of Manifest Destiny, which held that it was the duty and right of the United States to expand across the continent.
		Year-round operation of the Butterfield Overland Mail dictated the choice of a route through the milder climate of the southern tier of states and territories.
		The Butterfield Overland Mail was meant to carry the U.S. Mail.
	www.southernnewmexico.com /Articles/Southwest/TheButterfieldOverlandMai.html (1640 words)

	Butterfield Overland Mail
		Mail to California had to leave the East Coast by boat and sail all the way around the southern tip of South America and back up to California and that took weeks.
		Butterfield chose St. Louis as his eastern terminal but when the mail route was ready to go into operation, the line had already reached Tipton.
		Butterfield for he wanted the route to be comparably safe and comfortable for the passengers.
	www.tiptonmo.com /history/butterfield.htm (1326 words)

	NPS Publications: The History of Scotts Bluff Nebraska (Trans-Continental Communication)
		Mail service to Salt Lake City over the Oregon Trail was resumed in the winter and spring of 1858, by S. Miles, who carried the mails by pack mules in the winter.
		The mail was carried in four packs or cantinas sewed to a leather skirt or mochila (macheir) which was slung over the saddle.
		The Butterfield Overland Mail Company, that formerly had run over the southwestern route, was awarded the contract in 1861, and moved to the central route because of the imminent Civil War.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/berkeley/brand1/brand1m.htm (1607 words)

	Oklahoma State Senate Artwork - Butterfield Stage at Boggy Depot
		Butterfield spent more than a million dollars to start up the company, employing over 800 people and running up to 250 coaches, 1,000 horses and 500 mules.
		The Butterfield Overland Mail Company originally followed a southern route to avoid heavy mountain snows, and traveled through Oklahoma with stops at Boggy Depot, among others.
		In February 1861, when the citizens of Texas voted to secede from the Union, the southern mail route was discontinued in favor of a more northerly route, but the old Butterfield Road was later used by both the Confederate and the Union armies.
	www.lsb.state.ok.us /senate/senate_artwork/butterfield_stage.html (293 words)

	The First Overland Mail Trip (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		On September 16, 1858, just as the morning sun was lighting the sky, John Butterfield, dressed in a long linen duster and a "wide-a-wake" hat, left the St. Louis post office with two bags of mail.
		The Overland Mail continued to make two trips a week for two and one half years.
		In spite of its unreasonably long route and the punishment inflicted upon the passengers by the rough roads and uncomfortable weather, Butterfield and Co. prospered.
	www.tiptonmo.com /history/first_trip.htm (401 words)

	Butterfield Overland Stage Route (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Butterfield’s son drove the first leg along with a reporter from the New York Herald named Waterman L. Ormsby.
		Butterfields men were rough tough frontiersman as no other men could handle the hardships that Butterfield would put them through.
		He gave them instructions such as,"drivers and conductors to be armed but to shoot only when lives of passengers are endangered" and "no shipments of gold or silver to be carried to cut down on attacks by highwaymen." Each driver had a 60 mile route and then a return for a total of 120 miles.
	www.frontiertrails.com /oldwest/butterfield.htm (745 words)

	TexasAlmanac.com \| History
		The westbound Butterfield coaches were scheduled to arrive at Chadbourne on Tuesdays and Fridays at 3:15 p.m., and the eastbound on Wednesdays and Sundays at 5:15 a.m.
		The Butterfield Overland Mail used this southern route only until the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, but for the short time it operated, it was a great boon to the frontier families in Texas.
		Wise, Jack and Young counties all gained population in the years that the Butterfield coaches served their towns, evidently because of the availability of stage and mail service and through news of western Texas printed in the newspapers along the eastern stretches of the route.
	www.texasalmanac.com /history/highlights/butterfield (1196 words)

	History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In the late 1850’s, John Butterfield was awarded a contract by the government to provide mail services between St. Louis, Missouri and San Francisco, California.
		Butterfield’s service, which was known as Butterfield Overland Mail, passed through North Texas as it made its way west to California.
		Bridgeport, once a transit point for an overland mail service, is now a growing city with endless potential.
	www.ci.bridgeport.tx.us /history.htm (574 words)

	The Butterfield Overland Mail
		JOHN BUTTERFIELD, A GOOD FRIEND of President James Buchanan and an accomplished stagecoach manager, was the initial guiding force of the Overland Mail Company.
		At first, the Overland Mail Company operated along a southern route that swung from Missouri through Texas and across the southwest into Southern California with an eventual terminus in San Francisco.
		Contemporary accounts of travel on the Overland Mail Company's stage line during the years 1858 to 1861, when it was operating between St. Louis and Memphis, the two eastern terminals, and San Francisco, are all too few.
	www.huntington.org /HLPress/butterfielddetail.html (482 words)

	Archives: Columnists - www.explorernews.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Butterfield, with the help of six additional partners, pulled together the Overland Mail Company to secure a $600,000 a year contract with the government.
		Finding Silas St. John was a big help to Butterfield since this gentleman had worked on another stage line that had crossed the West through many of the same territories that Butterfield wanted to use.
		For many in Tucson, it was the kiss of death and news and mail became as much a premium as water or whiskey.
	www.explorernews.com /articles/2005/06/15/columnists/the_way_we_were/the_way_we_were.txt (1089 words)

	Views of the National Parks
		Butterfield had Celerity wagons specially designed for this section of the route since the lighter, smaller wagons could negotiate the rugged, arid landscape easier then the larger, heavier Concord coaches.
		In March 1861, the Butterfield Overland Mail route was discontinued as a result of the Bascom Affair and the Civil War.
		Butterfield's Overland Mail Company began operation with 2,000 employees, over 250 coaches and several hundred wagons, 1,800 horses and mules, and 240 stage stations, one of which was the Apache Pass Stage Station.
	www2.nature.nps.gov /views/Sites/FOBO/ET_FOBO.htm (3635 words)

	Pony Express NHT: Historic Resource Study (Chapter 1)
		The "joint" venture of Chorpenning/Hockaday formed the "first central Overland mail stage, bringing letters and passengers from the East." In December 1858, it received extraordinary praise in the postmaster general's annual report.
		By April 1859, they were carrying 500 pounds of mail on the east-bound stage, and their central route put them in direct competition with Butterfield's southern line and the ocean route mail service.
		Confident in their operations and hoping to prove the superiority of the central overland route, Chorpenning/Hockaday offered to cut the mail delivery time to twenty days and to provide tri-weekly service, if they could be assured of equal compensation ($600,000) with the Butterfield line.
	www.nps.gov /poex/hrs/hrs1b.htm (1869 words)

	Mid-Missouri Civil War Round Table:Butterfield Overland Mail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Yet the new scenes which constantly meet the view, the variegated aspect of the country, the curious characters to be met, and the novelty of roughing it overland are, I think, quite a recompense for any slight inconvenience which may be experienced.
		John Butterfield, president of the Overland Mail Company; John Butterfield, Jr., on the box; Judge Wheeler, lady, and two children, of Fort Smith; Mr.
		These are large covered wagons, in which the owner and his family, sometimes numbering as high as a dozen, emigrate from place to place, travelling in the daytime, and camping near wood, water, and grass at night...We rode along at a somewhat rapid pace, because John, Jr.
	www.mmcwrt.org /2001/default0111.htm (3659 words)

	Butterfield stagecoaches helped build local towns North County Times - North San Diego and Southwest Riverside County ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The trail, also called the Butterfield Stagecoach Route, stretched from St. Louis to San Francisco and was the conduit for mail and passengers from 1858 to 1861 through the cities now known as Temecula, Murrieta, Wildomar and Lake Elsinore.
		Butterfield, vice president of American Express, ran the Overland Mail Company with Wells Fargo, according to Waterman Ormsby, a newspaper reporter for the New York Herald and the first passenger to ride all the way though from Missouri to San Francisco.
		The first Butterfield Overland Mail stagecoach from Missouri to San Francisco was driven in September 1858 by Butterfield's son, John Butterfield Jr., Ormsby wrote.
	www.nctimes.com /articles/2005/02/27/news/community/12_04_552_26_05.txt (1331 words)

	Butterfield Stage
		The Butterfield Overland Mail Company initially followed a southern route between St. Louis and San Francisco that skirted the Rocky Mountains and avoided the heavy winter mountain snows by traveling through Texas, southern New Mexico Territory and southern California.
		Though the coaches had the mail as their first priority they also accepted as passengers any hardy souls who were game for the adventure.
		The first through mail from the east arrived August 25, 1866, but it was not until the coming of the miners and the railroads in the 1870s and 1880s that regular contact with the States was restored.
	www.discoverseaz.com /History/Butterfield.html (823 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online: BUTTERFIELD OVERLAND MAIL
		The Butterfield (or Southern) Overland Mail, which operated from September 15, 1858, until March 1, 1861, was a semiweekly mail and passenger stage service from St. Louis, Missouri, and Memphis, Tennessee, across northern Texas to San Francisco, California.
		An act of Congress, effective on March 3, 1857, authorized a mail contract calling for the conveying of letter mail twice weekly, in both directions, in four-horse coaches or spring wagons suitable for carrying passengers; it was further specified that each trip should be completed within twenty-five days.
		Awarded to John Butterfield and associates, the contract provided for a compensation of $600,000 per year, in addition to receipts for passengers and express.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/view/BB/egb1.html (572 words)

	Stagecoach Info
		Fort Bowie was established in 1862 on a former station of the Overland Mail route.
		The ruins of the Butterfield Stage Station at Apache Pass are one of the points of interest of the hike to the ruins of the Fort.
		Prior to the Civil War the Butterfield Overland Stage route ran through southern Arizona, to avoid the heavy winter snows of the Rocky Mountains.
	thenaturalamerican.com /stagecoach__info.htm (1180 words)

	Journal of San Diego History
		Birch died at sea while the first mail was still en route, and was not at San Diego when the first eastern mail came through direct from San Antonio in the record time of 53 days.
		The mail was, of course, carried on pack animals, as will be the case until wagons which are being pushed across will have been put on the line.
		People in California were bitter that their letter sent via the Overland mail service took longer to points in St. Louis and the Mississippi region than by the roundabout Panama route.
	www.sandiegohistory.org /journal/69spring/jackass.htm (1723 words)

	Butterfield’s Stagecoach- DesertUSA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Butterfield’s passengers, not six but usually nine, plus conductor and driver, crossed the Southwestern deserts, not in a fine Concord, but in the much lighter, bone-jarring celerity (a synonym for "quickness") coach, drawn, not by three pairs of beautiful horses, but usually by two pairs of raw-boned mules.
		Butterfield’s route extended some two thousand eight hundred miles (the longest stage line in the world) with the middle of the trail, or some one thousand one hundred miles, crossing the Chihuahuan, Sonoran and Colorado Deserts.
		Butterfield’s employees, said Ormsby, "I found, without exception, to be courteous, civil, and attentive… I found the drivers on the whole line, with but few exceptions, experienced men.
	www.desertusa.com /mag00/may/stories/butter.html (1609 words)

	Pony Express History
		Butterfield’s main “ox bow” route left Fort Smith, Arkansas, and reached San Francisco via El Paso, Texas, and Yuma, Arizona Territory, crossing 2,800 miles of some of the toughest terrain in North America.
		He favored a southern route for the federal mail contract which in fact was awarded to Benjamin Holladay.
		On March 31, 1860, the first Pony Express mail was dispatched from Washington and New York by a messenger on board trains to St. Joseph.
	www.xphomestation.com /facts.html (5970 words)

	Mail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Mail on the Move is broken down into nine distinct sections, starting out with the conception of mail service in the United States by means of horses, stage coaches and wagons.
		Movement of the mail by means of motorized vehicles encompasses the majority of the remaining sections.
		Section one, overland vehicles, documents the mail wagons, stage coaches and similar vehicles, most of which were owned by private contractors.
	www.busmag.com /ttrails/catalog/mail.html (316 words)

	Fort Tours \| Pecos County Historical Markers
		Butterfield Overland Mail stage stopped here as well, and after 1859 the Springs provided water for Fort Stockton, which was founded both to protect the mail and stop the Comanche raids.
		In Davis Mountains, Rude built and operated a station for the Butterfield Overland Stage; here passengers had meals while mules were unharnessed and exchanged for a fresh team.
		Mail and supplies had to be brought from San Angelo and Ozona.
	www.forttours.com /pages/hmpecos.asp (1586 words)

	Trails Across the Southwest-Last updated 07/23/02
		Butterfield's Grand Adventure Butterfield’s route extended some two thousand eight hundred miles (the longest stage line in the world) with the middle of the trail, or some one thousand one hundred miles, crossing the Chihuahuan, Sonoran and Colorado Deserts.
		The Butterfield Overland Mail Operated from September 15, 1858, until March 1, 1861, was a semiweekly mail and passenger stage service from St. Louis, Missouri, and Memphis, Tennessee, across northern Texas to San Francisco, California.
		First Woman Traveler on Butterfield Stage Nellie Steele Johnson’s trip from Missouri to California to join her preacher husband was the first made by a woman and her children.
	www.over-land.com /trwestsouth.html (2507 words)

	The Story of the Pony Express: Chapter VIII: Early Overland Mail Routes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The November mail of 1856 was compelled to winter in the mountains.
		In transferring the Butterfield line from the Southern to the Central route, it was merged with the Central Overland California and Pike's Peak Express Company which already included the Leavenworth and Pike's Peak Express Company, under the leadership of General Bela M. Hughes.
		Meanwhile the overland stage and freight lines were rapidly shortening on account of the building of the Pacific railroads, and the terminals of the through routes became merely the temporary ends of the fast growing railway lines.
	www.public-domain-content.com /books/pony_express/8.shtml (3302 words)

	WHMC-Columbia--This Week in Missouri History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		John Butterfield, president of the Overland mail company, responded briefly to the speech of welcome by John F. Darby.
		Mail bags containing copies of San Francisco newspapers were left at the Planters' house to be opened and handed around.
		Letters had to be marked “By the Overland Mail” and could be sent for 3 cents.
	www.umsystem.edu /whmc/Mohist/october9.html (358 words)

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