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Topic: Bycatch

	By-catch - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Unfortunately for the dolpins, "dolphin friendly" does not mean that dolphins were not killed in the production of a particular tin of tuna, but that the fleet which caught the tuna did not specifically target a feeding pod of dolphins, but relied on other methods to spot tuna schools.
		Bycatch is often discarded dead or dying by the time it is returned to the sea.
		Concerns about bycatch have led fishermen and scientists to develop devices they can put on their nets to reduce unwanted catch.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bycatch (405 words)

	Marine Work Group Ireland :: Marine Fisheries :: Bycatch & Discards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Bycatch and the at-sea discarding of fish captured from the ocean, and the associated mortalities, have been recognised as inherent problems in the management of fisheries for hundreds of years.
		An evaluation of the state of knowledge concerning cetacean bycatch, conducted for the European Commission (Spencer et al., 2000), found that the incidental catch ("bycatch") of dolphin and porpoise species in fishing gear is widespread, and it is widely suggested that it threatens the integrity of dolphin and porpoise populations throughout European waters.
		Bycatch and discarding has the effect of transferring large quantities of otherwise inaccessible biological material from the bottom to the surface, where it is available to surface scavengers.
	www.mwg.utvinternet.ie /fisheries_bycatch.html (11826 words)

	Understandng Fish Bycatch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Mortality rates of bycatch and escapees are generally unknown and constitute a large source of uncertainty in estimates of overall fishing mortality.
		Past efforts at understanding and reducing bycatch mortality have focused on modifying fishing gear to avoid capture of potential bycatch and to reduce physical injury to fish that are caught in fishing gear.
		Bycatch mortality is linked to environmental and biological factors and their interactions, which have not been previously investigated in any detail.
	www.afsc.noaa.gov /Quarterly/jfm03/feature.htm (377 words)

	Fishery Bulletin: Magnitude and distribution of sea turtle bycatc... @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Bycatch data in the sea scallop dredge fishery violate the underlying assumptions of the ratio method (Cochran, 1977), largely because sea turtle bycatch is binomially distributed with a nonconstant variance.
		The elevated probability of turtle bycatch occurring in warm waters, during summer, at depths between 50 and 60 m is consistent with the habitat regime of loggerhead sea turtles in the Mid-Atlantic (Shoop and Kenney, 1992; Epperly et al., 1995; Coles and Musick, 2000).
		Bycatch estimates of coastal bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in U.S. Mid-Atlantic gillnet fisheries for 1996-2000.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:125227471&refid=holomed_1 (5707 words)

	NYSG: Bycatch Workshop Proceedings (March 1999)
		The current meeting is an attempt to explore bycatch issues relevant to NY marine fisheries.
		In the case of striped bass bycatch, one solution might be to do away with the 7 fish trip limit, and let draggers catch their allotment as controlled by the number of tags issued.
		Bycatch of juveniles is typically not much of a problem, since six to eight inch mesh nets do not capture many juveniles.
	www.seagrant.sunysb.edu /pages/BycatchProceedings/BycatchProceedingsPartI.htm (707 words)

	A global assessment of fisheries bycatch and discards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Examination of the historic evolution of bycatch reduction in shrimp trawls reveals a series of approaches were taken, including (1) use of separating panels made of horizontal or vertical webbing with side- and/or top-oriented escape chutes (excluder funnels) for finfish, (2) use of electrical sorting trawls, and (3) use of rigged selector grids.
		Bycatch has always been an artifact of the fishing process, but it is perhaps naive to assume that overfishing and overcapitalization of fisheries will be resolved in the foreseeable future.
		Reductions in bycatch and discards may also follow implementation of regulations based on public, political, or managerial views that observed levels are unacceptable because of (1) the perceived biological or ecological impacts to ocean resources or the environment, (2) economic impacts generated by one sector of the industry on another, and (3) ethical concerns.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/003/T4890E/T4890E08.htm (13167 words)

	Salmon Bycatch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Salmon bycatch by species in the at-sea and shoreside components of the Pacific whiting fishery for the years 1991 through 1996 is summarized in Table 1.
		Initial bycatch rates in the fishery's first two weeks were approximately 0.1 salmon per metric ton of whiting, but did not approach the initial 1995 bycatch rates of up to 0.4 salmon per mt whiting in late April.
		Salmon bycatch (chinook, coho and pink) in the at-sea component of the whiting fishery is presented in Table 3; this is a distillation of more detailed material provided by the NMFS Observer Program presented in Appendix A.
	hmsc.oregonstate.edu /odfw/finfish/wh/bc/SalBCRpt.html (1468 words)

	By Catch Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		For the Gulf of Mexico, the bycatch to shrimp ratio was 5¼:1, and for the South Atlantic it was 4½:1.
		The bycatch to catch ratios produced from this new study were in stark contrast to an often quoted bycatch to shrimp ratio of 10:1.
		Reduction of finfish bycatch in the shrimp fishery has many positive ecological and economic ramifications, if it can be accomplished without a concurrent reduction in the shrimp catch; otherwise the economic impact on the shrimp fishery might far outweigh any benefits provided to finfish stocks and their fisheries.
	www.southeasternfish.org /Documents/bycatch.htm (13243 words)

	IB324 Development and Implementation of Fisheries Bycatch Monitoring Programs In The Gulf Of Mexico
		Bycatch in the Gulf of Mexico is an issue of great concern when viewed in light of the many fisheries which are conducted in the region and the level of effort being expended to harvest fishery resources.
		Bycatch in these fisheries is generated by incidental catch of non-target species and release of regulated species which are under- or over-sized or out of season.
		Bait shrimp bycatch surveys (9.8 m trawl) in Lower Laguna Madre during the spring of 1993 showed that four species (lesser blue crab, Callinectes similis; Atlantic croaker, Micropogonias undulatus; spot, Leiostomus xanthurus; and sand seatrout, Cynoscion arenarius) comprised 62 percent and 43 percent of the mean CPUE in number and weight, respectively.
	msucares.com /pubs/infobulletins/ib324.htm (5801 words)

	Bycatch and discards
		The unwanted bycatch is one of the main environmental effects of fishing.
		Bycatch can affect nearly all marine species including animals living on the seabed, marine mammals, reptiles such as turtles and seabirds.
		The exception to this is the 2004 regulation introducing measures to reduce the bycatch of marine mammals in bottom-set gill and tangle net fisheries, which come into force in 2005-2007 depending on the regional sea area.
	www.jncc.gov.uk /page-1563 (797 words)

	Cetacean Bycatch
		Bycatch is the incidental capture of non-target species, in any fishery.
		The true extent of the bycatch problem is not known, as many fleets prohibit observers from boarding their vessels.
		After the introduction of a TRP in 1999, the estimated bycatch for that year was 49 harbour porpoises.
	www.anglersnet.co.uk /sacn/release07.htm (1796 words)

	NOAA Fisheries Feature
		The latest issue of Marine Fisheries Review includes four bycatch articles, covering the NOAA Fisheries National Bycatch Strategy; Atlantic blue marlin and Pacific halibut bycatch; and marine mammal, sea turtle, and seabird mortality in the California drift gillnet fishery for swordfish and thresher shark.
		Oceana petition for bycatch rulemaking (February 28, 2002) (.
		The public is invited to attend a workshop focusing on bycatch issues in the southeastern United States including the U.S. Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico.
	www.nmfs.noaa.gov /bycatch.htm (1339 words)

	Marine Mammal bycatch
		Very little data exists on the bycatch of seals in UK waters, but bycatch deaths are thought to be in the low hundreds per year.
		The impact of this bycatch level on the seal population is not thought to be significant.
		These, though not complete or comprehensive, indicate that the bycatch of cetaceans is widespread, and may threaten the integrity of dolphin and porpoise populations.
	www.jncc.gov.uk /page-1564 (1148 words)

	Cetacean Bycatch Resource Center: Cetacean Bycatch Facts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Bycatch: The industry term for the inadvertent capture of non-target species in fishing gear.
		However, if information on patterns of bycatch and movement of animals is significant and the closure area is large enough and time period long enough, this can be a viable mitigation option.
		In the U.S., in fisheries where bycatch levels are high enough to pose a threat to cetacean populations, the Marine Mammal Protection Act requires the development of a strategy to reduce bycatch.
	www.cetaceanbycatch.org /status.cfm (774 words)

	Marine Connection - Bycatch News Archive
		Worldwide, bycatch is thought to be the most significant threat to the conservation of dolphins and porpoises.
		The Cetacean Bycatch Sub-committee of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee has agreed a report about cetacean by-catch titled Caught in the net: by-catch of dolphins and porpoises off the UK coast.
		Bycatch, the unintended mortality of non-target species is widely recognised as one of the most serious environmental impacts of modern commercial fisheries...
	www.marineconnection.org /archives/bycatch.html (2782 words)

	Bycatch
		Sometimes bycatch may be kept or sold; for example, and angler who catches a legal-sized bluefish while fishing for striped bass may keep the catch to eat at home or to sell, if he has a proper license.
		Unwanted bycatch is usually thrown back into the water; however, handling and exposure sometimes injure the bycatch, which may die after being discarded.
		One of the main reasons bycatch is a problem in many fisheries is that different species of animals are found together: this is called a multispecies fishery.
	seagrant.gso.uri.edu /factsheets/Bycatch.html (909 words)

	Cetacean bycatch - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cetacean bycatch is the technical term for the incidental capture of non-target species by fisheries.
		In the case of trawling, they can become entangled in fishing nets and lines.
		This article related to water-transport is a stub.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cetacean_bycatch (84 words)

	European Cetacean Bycatch Campaign homepage
		Thousands of dolphins, porpoises and whales are dying in European waters every year, due to entanglement in fishing nets and lines.
		You can help the European Cetacean Bycatch Campaign prevent these needless deaths ~ all you have to do is to send an e-mail or letter.
		The Directors of the European Cetacean Bycatch Campaign, Alan and Mary Stuart, are members of the Partnership for Action Against Wildlife Crime, and are represented on the Marine Wildlife Enforcement Working Group.
	www.eurocbc.org /page2.html (415 words)

	A global assessment of fisheries bycatch and discards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Mortality of fish from the bycatch of shrimp vessels in the North Sea.
		Reduction of fish bycatch in shrimp trawl using a rigid separator grid in the aft belly.
		The bycatch from the artisanal shrimp fisheries, Gulf of Paria, Trinidad.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/003/T4890E/T4890E09.htm (7263 words)

	Commerce Department Announces National Bycatch Strategy
		The National Bycatch Strategy is based on the 1998 NOAA Fisheries report, Managing the Nation’s Bycatch, which contains the agency’s national bycatch goal, “to implement conservation and management measures for living marine resources that will minimize, to the extent practicable, bycatch and the mortality of bycatch that cannot be avoided.”
		Modifying gear to decrease halibut bycatch in the Alaska flatfish and Pacific cod trawl fisheries; and modifying trawls to decrease rockfish bycatch in West Coast sole fisheries;
		Supporting bycatch reduction research through the Cooperative Research Partners Initiative in the Northeast which is focused on numerous otter trawl configurations that take advantage of fish behavior in response to the gear;
	www.publicaffairs.noaa.gov /releases2003/mar03/noaa03023.html (742 words)

	Dolphin 'bycatch' death evidence \| Greenpeace International
		The Esperanza is currently touring UK fisheries where dolphins might be threatened to highlight the issue of 'bycatch'.
		Thousands of dolphins and porpoises die as 'bycatch' in fishing nets every year in these waters.
		The total number of 'bycatch' deaths could be as high as 10,000.
	www.greenpeace.org /international/news/dolphin-bycatch-death-eviden (477 words)

	Bycatch Gulf
		NOTE: This table is a DRAFT under development and, once finalized, will undergo periodic updates as new bycatch information becomes available.
		NA = Not applicable; the fishery is either species-specific or produces very small amounts of bycatch.
		Bycatch and its reduction in the Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic shrimp fishery.
	www.nmfs.noaa.gov /by_catch/bycatch_gulf.html (880 words)

	Cetacean bycatch, entanglement in fishing gear, marine mammals, whales
		Accidental capture and entanglement in fishing gear is the biggest threat to whales, dolphins and porpoises worldwide, killing more than 300,000 animals per year.
		While considerable progress has been made over the last decade in stemming bycatch problems in certain fisheries, advances in reducing cetacean mortality in fisheries have remained relatively localized and therefore have had limited impact on the problem worldwide.
		Transferring the lessons learned in places where bycatch mitigation approaches have been successful or promising - and even where they have failed - is an important step toward reducing cetacean bycatch on a global scale.
	www.cetaceanbycatch.org (230 words)

	Bycatch in Northeast Fisheries: Moving Forward (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Representatives from these agencies will collaborate and work together with fishery constituents to specifically address bycatch issues in the northeast region.
		In addition, the Coordinating Committee is soliciting for poster abstracts to be presented at the workshop.
		Posters must be related to bycatch issues in the northeast region concerning legal, research, management, data, enforcement, science, monitoring and protected species issues.
	www.nero.noaa.gov /bycatchconf (305 words)

	Marine Connection - What Is Bycatch?
		Bycatch relates to any animal which is not the target species of the fishery or which is surplus to quotas on size or catch.
		As most fisheries are not discriminatory enough to just catch the target species, all methods produce a level of bycatch.
		Download a BYCATCH POSTER to display at your school or workplace
	www.marineconnection.org /campaigns/bycatch.html (140 words)

	ReefGuardian's list of petitions to protect coral reefs
		We need your sign-on to this petition to show the South Atlantic Council that there's strong public support for the continued protection of this irreplaceable resource.
		ReefGuardian International (RGI) requests that the Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council (Council) promptly approve Shrimp Amendment 10 Alternative 6.3.3 Option (a) to reduce finfish bycatch in the Eastern Gulf and all other federal Gulf waters by at least 40% via the use of bycatch reduction devices.
		Further delays and additional scientific studies are not required to justify and implement the use of BRDs in the eastern Gulf of Mexico.
	www.reefguardian.org /StandUp.html (729 words)

	Planet Ark : Fish nets threaten whale species, WWF seeks action
		"This level of bycatch is significantly depleting and disrupting many populations of whales, dolphins and porpoises which will lead to the loss of several species in the next few decades if nothing is done," said Andrew Read, co-chair of the WWF's Cetacean Bycatch Task Force, in a statement.
		Read, who jointly led the study into marine mammals, or cetaceans, said experience had shown it was possible to reduce mortality of endangered species while keeping fishing viable.
		The WWF said both would help alleviate the bycatch problem which particularly hits smaller cetaceans, too weak to break free from nets.
	www.planetark.org /dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/21191/story.htm (592 words)

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