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Topic: Bystander

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	Bystander effect - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In an unrelated use, the term bystander effect is also used in radiobiology to describe the effects of radiation on cells that are adjacent to those directly affected by radiation.
		The bystander effect (also known as bystander apathy) is a psychological phenomenon where persons are less likely to intervene in an emergency situation when others are present than when they are alone.
		People may also assume that other bystanders may be more qualified to help, such as being a doctor or police officer, and their intervention would thus be unneeded.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bystander_effect (622 words)

	Bystanders, observers and witnesses - why don't they help the target of bullying? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		most bystanders are hoodwinked by the bully's ruses for abdicating responsibility and evading accountability, eg "that's all in the past, let's focus on the future", "what's in the past is no longer relevant", "you need to make a fresh start", and "forgive and forget, you've got to move on", etc.
		In the workplace, those who decline to support the bully are isolated, victimised, scapegoated, have undue constraints and excessive workloads imposed, and are then subjected to disciplinary proceedings on trumped-up charges as a prelude to losing their job (as well as their career, livelihood and health).
		Bystanders can make a significant difference in the workplace (and in bullying situations in school); bullies are cowards and if they sense that someone other than their target is going to expose them, they may slink away with their tail between their legs.
	www.bullyonline.org /workbully/bystand.htm (1863 words)

	Latane and Darley: Bystander Apathy
		The bystander can only gain with pride and a hero's status -- but he risks being a failure, getting sued, or even attacked or wounded himself.
		They also varied the three person group by changing the other bystander (female, male, and a male pre-med student with emergency training).
		One with the subject and a real friend as bystanders, and one where six real subjects had prior contact and a brief "encounter" with the percieved victim.
	faculty.babson.edu /krollag/org_site/soc_psych/latane_bystand.html (1259 words)

	Bystander Intervention Lesson
		The topic of the lesson, Bystander Intervention, is related to social psychology which examines how and why a person's behavior is influenced by others.
		Research indicates that a number of factors influence how bystanders interpret an incident and whether they assume responsibility to help (e.g., the number of bystanders present, whether the victim appears to need and deserve help, etc.).
		A broader goal of the lesson was to develop students' ability to explain human behavior in terms of multiple factors or variables, which is an important facet of social science reasoning.
	www.cfkeep.org /html/snapshot.php?id=49978700419868 (712 words)

	Cytotoxicity and Accumulation of Ganciclovir Triphosphate in Bystander Cells Cocultured with Herpes Simplex Virus Type ...
		U251tk cells and U251ßgal (bystander) cells were cocultured at ratios of 50:50 or 10:90 and incubated with drug at the indicated concentrations for 24 h.
		Bystander cell colonies were identified based on X-gal staining, and U251tk colonies were calculated by subtracting the number of X-gal-stained colonies from the total colony number (crystal violet staining).
		of bystander cytotoxicity in cocultures incubated with araT
	cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/59/3/669 (6419 words)

	A Cell Type-specific and Gap Junction-independent Mechanism for the Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Thymidine Kinase ...
		AGA blocked the bystander effect in the 9L cells at all ratios of HSV-tk+ and HSV-tk- cells (P < 0.05; ANOVA, Tukey post-tests).
		Mesnil M., Piccoli C., Tiraby G., Willecke K., Yamasaki H. Bystander killing of cancer cells by herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene is mediated by connexins.
		Touraine R. L., Vahanian N., Ramsey W. J., Blaese R. Enhancement of the herpes simplex thymidine kinase/ganciclovir bystander effect and its antitumor efficacy in vivo by pharmacologic manipulation of gap junctions.
	clincancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/5/11/3639 (3867 words)

	Induction of Bystander Suppression by Feeding Antigen Occurs despite Normal Clonal Expansion of the Bystander T Cell ...
		Induction of Bystander Suppression by Feeding Antigen Occurs despite Normal Clonal Expansion of the Bystander T Cell Population -- Millington et al.
		Induction of Bystander Suppression by Feeding Antigen Occurs despite Normal Clonal Expansion of the Bystander T Cell Population
		Bystander suppression of the immune response to human serum albumin in rats fed ovalbumin.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/173/10/6059 (4539 words)

	Bystander Effect in Herpes Simplex Virus-Thymidine Kinase/Ganciclovir Cancer Gene Therapy: Role of Gap-junctional ...
		B, in HeLa cells, the bystander killing effect is observed only when cells expressing the HSV-tk gene communicate (as shown by the dye transfer assay on the left) through GJs.
		Kaneko Y., Tsukamoto A. Gene therapy of hepatoma: bystander effects and non-apoptotic cell death induced by thymidine kinase and ganciclovir.
		Vrionis F. D., Spray D. C., Cherington V., Waltzman M., Qi P., Wu J. The bystander effect exerted by tumor cells expressing the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSVtk) gene is dependent on connexin expression and cell communication via gap junctions.
	cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/60/15/3989 (7531 words)

	RCEP study of pesticides and bystander exposure
		On the 4 August 2004 the Commission officially opened the consultation process and invited evidence on, and comments regarding, the intended scope of the study as well as recommendations for specific questions to be addressed.
		A list of individuals and organisations invited to submit evidence to the pesticides and bystander exposure study can be found here.
		The Commission held a pesticides and bystander exposure public meeting at Church House, Great Smith Street, London on Saturday 25 September.
	www.rcep.org.uk /pesticides.htm (605 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - Bystander Effect
		The Bystander Effect is a psychological phenomenon that occurs when an emergency situation is presented to a group of people.
		On the other hand, on a country road with almost no traffic, it is almost an unwritten rule that one stops and lends assistance to anyone in need.
		The most famous example of this and what kick-started researchers to study the Bystander Effect, was an event during 1964.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/A585362 (486 words)

	Nonproliferating Bystander CD4+ T Cells Lacking Activation Markers Support HIV Replication During Immune Activation -- ...
		(bystander) population (C, upper left quadrant) compared with the absence of SA (B) or SA and DC (A).
		Induction of bystander T cell proliferation by viruses and type I interferon in vivo.
		Bystander activation by cytokines of intrahepatic T cells in chronic viral hepatitis.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/166/10/6437 (5417 words)

	Bystander intervention - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A bystander will often intervene if another person is in need of help: this is known as bystander intervention.
		However, people are less likely to assist if many other people are present.
		This propensity to passivity in the presence of others is called the bystander effect.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bystander_intervention (145 words)

	Targeted cytoplasmic irradiation induces bystander responses -- Shao et al. 101 (37): 13495 -- Proceedings of the ...
		by 36% for the glioma population and 78% for the bystander fibroblast
		Bystander responses may also be relevant to the therapeutic
		bystander response induced by nuclear irradiation is greater
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/101/37/13495 (3600 words)

	The Magistrate's Blog
		Musings and Snippets from an English Magistrate This blog is anonymous, and Bystander's views are his and his alone.
		Where his views differ from the letter of the law, he will enforce the letter of the law because that is what he has sworn to do.
		We thought it was pretty fair, in all the circumstances.
	thelawwestofealingbroadway.blogspot.com (5464 words)

	CD Baby: INNOCENT BYSTANDER: Innocent Bystander (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Innocent Bystander transcends the space time continum from 70's funk to the new millennium by perfectly melding the computerized sounds of the new electronica with the raw human feel of old school soul and jazz.
		Innocent Bystander's eleven tracks were composed, arranged and produced by Lee whose eclectic appetite is fully explored on this project.
		Lee's sound is honed from years of work on the road and in the studio with artists as diverse as pop artists Jody Watley, new comer Anastacia, Chante Moore, El DeBarge, Dakota Moon, jazz icons Freddie Hubbard and the Jazz Crusaders, and acid jazz group Solar System.
	cdbaby.com /cd/innocent (305 words)

	Bystander Effect
		When there is an emergency, the more bystanders there are, the less likely it is that any of them will actually help.
		Bystanders go through a five-step process, during each of which they can decide to do nothing.
		Notice the event (or in a hurry and not notice).
	changingminds.org /explanations/theories/bystander_effect.htm (344 words)

	Inveterate Bystander
		At 14,693 feet (4,478 meters), the Matterhorn is almost a pyramid with four faces aligned according to the cardinal points of the compass, each tremendously steep, each with avalanches frequently tumbling snow and ice into glaciers.
		One day, the berries will be poisonous, the bear that lives in the cave will be at home, and the rustling will be a snake or a tiger or some other vertebrate whose bite can turn septic." More.
		If you are wondering what happened to Poppa Neutrino, originally covered in the 4 August 2005 Inveterate Bystander, he remains at San Felipe, Mexico, by the Sea of Cortez and is preparing to sail the vessel shown above to China.
	spiritrambler.blogspot.com (13095 words)

	Harm City Innocent Bystander T-Shirts : CafePress.com
		The streets of Harm City (AKA Bodymore Murderland AKA Baltimore, Maryland) are no place for innocent bystanders.
		Show B-Mo where you stand with our "Innocent Bystander" collection of men's, women's and infant clothing.
		These humorous t-shirts, sweats, hoodies, tank tops, sleeveless shirts and baby onesies/infant creepers display the official Harm City Gear logo on the front and the words "Innocent Bystander" on the back.
	www.cafepress.com /harmcity3 (108 words)

	Munich scientists study bystander effect
		The situation is called bystander effect, and now research at Ludwig-Maximilian University in Munich suggests even when accompanied by another person, individuals are more likely to intervene if the situation is dangerous or violent.
		Researchers told study participants they were going to monitor interaction between a man and a woman who had never met.
		In situations of low danger, 50 percent of observers tried to help the victim if they were watching alone, but this dropped to 6 percent when a bystander was present.
	physorg.com /news8767.html (484 words)

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