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Topic: Byte code

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Byte-code - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Less commonly, bytecode is used as an intermediate code of a compiler. Also of interest are p-Codes, which are just like byte codes, but may be physically larger than a single byte and may vary in size (much like opcodes on many CPUs). Java code is typically transmitted as bytecode to a receiving machine, which then uses a JIT compiler to translate the bytecode to machine code before execution. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bytecode   (514 words)

Threaded code - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Some programmers consider the byte codes used by.NET, Java, Basic and some C compilers to be token-threading. Threaded code is used in the Forth and early versions of the B programming languages, as well as many implementations of FORTRAN, BASIC, COBOL and other languages for small minicomputers. In systems with virtual memory (where memory is simulated with a mechanical disk drive), threaded code may be hundreds of times faster than a less-compact design that does not fit in the available physical memory, because disk drives tend to be roughly a thousand times slower than random-access memory (RAM). en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Threaded_code   (1456 words)

Low Level Security in Java Code may not have an uninitialized object on the stack or in a register during a backwards branch, or in a register in code protected by an exception handler or a finally. First, the bytes that make up the virtual instructions are broken up into a sequence of instructions, and the offset of the start of each instruction is kept in a bit table. Before any downloaded code is executed, it is scanned and verified to ensure that it conforms to the specifications of the virtual machine. java.sun.com /sfaq/verifier.html   (4464 words)

UTR#17: Character Encoding Model The input to SCSU and RCSU are code units, the output is a compressed stream of bytes. A code unit is an integer occupying a specified binary width in a computer architecture, such as an 8-bit byte. This difference does not matter for operations on code units in memory, but the byte order becomes important when code units are serialized to sequences of bytes using a particular CES. www.unicode.org /reports/tr17   (6354 words)

UTF-8C1 This is because, with the C1 control codes being reserved for single-byte codes, there are few bits available in lead bytes for a larger 2-byte code range while still encoding the BMP with up to 3 bytes and all of Unicode with up to 4. Code points 0..0x9f encoded as single bytes with the same values so that control codes C0, DEL, C1 are safely encoded. Signature byte sequence: Like the other Unicode encodings, the byte sequence representing U+feff shall be used as a signature. www.mindspring.com /~markus.scherer/unicode/utf-8c1.html   (669 words)

Byte Code Compiler Optimized native C code using a native C array of integers can be another 100 times faster, so there is room for further improvement, but the byte code compilation has made a substantial difference. It is possible to translate the byte codes produced by the compiler into C code, which can then be compiled with a native C compiler and linked into the system dynamically or statically. A byte code compiler translates a complex high-level language like Lisp into a very simple language that can be interpreted by a very fast byte code interpreter, or virtual machine. www.cs.uiowa.edu /~luke/xls/interface98/paper/node3.html   (442 words)

CUMP Byte Code Byte codes could also be recorded in its EEPROM for playback with or without a terminal connected. This is an attempt to define a byte code language for an embedded interpreter with a special bias to IO processing. For example, a small PCB with a microcontroller could be connected to any sort of terminal and the byte codes loaded from there to cause the processor to make or measure electronic signals in other equipment. www.piclist.com /techref/piclist/cump/bytecode.htm   (2048 words)

ckdirect.txt byte codes; the former takes a single 8-bit number as input and returns the value of the corresponding global variable, while the latter writes its second input, a 16-bit number, to the global variable specified by its first input (an 8-bit number). This byte is followed by the procedure body code. This code is also run when the first button on the Interface Cricket is pressed, or, equivalently, when sony ir code 128 (which is usually the 1 key on a remote control) is received. handyboard.com /cricket/tech/ckdirect.txt   (2018 words)

18.10.1 Python Byte Code Instructions This is used in the code for a class definition: After the class body is evaluated, the locals are passed to the class definition. If the code object has N free variables, the next N items on the stack are the cells for these variables. TOS is the code associated with the function. www.python.org /doc/current/lib/bytecodes.html   (875 words)

5.9 Byte Coded Compilation Byte compilation provides an extreme speed/space tradeoff: byte code is typically six times more compact than native code, but runs fifty times (or more) slower. This code is a good target for byte compilation: very little time is spent running in it, but it can take up quite a bit of space. The decision to byte compile or native compile can be done on a per-file or per-code-object basis. www.ifi.uio.no /~kt-lab/lambdalab/doc/CMUCL/node159.html   (270 words)

Byte Code Enhancement vs. Class Mutilation Byte code is a language specified in the Java language spec. Byte code enhancement, class mutliation, source code enhancement --- it all sounds like a hack job to me. A technically pure JDO implementation would not make any requirements regarding source code changes or class file changes. If you are uncomfortable with byte code manipulation see what they are doing. www.oreillynet.com /cs/user/view/cs_msg/12128   (589 words)

Administration Guide This is accomplished by reserving a subset of the 256 available code points of each implied SBCS code page identifier for single-byte characters, with the remainder of the code points either undefined or allocated to the first byte of double-byte code points. These code points are also partitioned into valid and invalid second byte ranges for the purpose of determining whether a DBCS character is properly formed. Within each implied DBCS code page, there are 256 code points available as the second byte for each valid first byte. www.pdc.kth.se /doc/SP/manuals/db2-5.0/html/db2d0/db2d0240.htm   (521 words)

BCEL - Byte Code Engineering Library (BCEL) The table marks handlers, i.e., code chunks, to be responsible for exceptions of certain types that are raised within a given area of the byte code. The byte code instruction set currently consists of 212 instructions, 44 opcodes are marked as reserved and may be used for future extensions or intermediate optimizations within the Virtual Machine. are encoded as relative offsets in the array of byte codes. jakarta.apache.org /bcel/manual.html   (5482 words)

Compressing XML—Part I, Writing WBXML Therefore all the content from bytes 6 to 30 in Table 1 is part of the attribute code space. For example the byte 7 is 0x55, which is the code for the id attribute. Bytes 9-12 form the in-line string, the value of the id attribute, and byte. www.devx.com /xml/Article/16754/0/page/2   (1081 words)

BYTE.com The interpreter performs automatic version checks against the source code file's modification date and fetches the most recently generated byte-code file. Th is lets you boost the speed of a commonly used function or hook Python byte-code files to large, already-made binaries such as imaging libraries or to platform-specific APIs like Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC) or the Mac OS Toolbox. Code grouping is done through indentation, and the Newline character acts as a command separator. www.byte.com /art/9702/sec5/art4.htm#027proa0   (1708 words)

HP-41C Synthetic Programming The characters for the byte codes are shown in the right side of each cell in the graphical byte code table. Alternately, you may prefer this HTML byte code table To keep things simple, it doesn't show the display or printer displays for each byte but it does have the advantage that you can use your browser's search feature to find prefixes and suffixes quickly. These comments refer to the graphic byte code table and HTML byte code table. www.hpmuseum.org /prog/synth41.htm   (4912 words)

UTN #6: BOCU-1 The byte/code point ratio is 1 for runs of code points from the same block of 0x80 code points (and for Hiragana), and 2 for runs of CJK Unihan code points, as with [SCSU]. The lexical order of BOCU-1 bytes is the same as the code point order of the original text — like UTF-8 but unlike [SCSU] — which allows the compression of large, sorted lists of strings. Byte values for single-byte codes and lead bytes overlap with trail bytes. www.unicode.org /notes/tn6   (1422 words)

GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual - Compilation Functions In this example, the interpreted code required 51 seconds to run, whereas the byte-compiled code required 13 seconds. must be the actual code for the function; i.e., the compiler does not follow indirection to another symbol. Other forms are batched together, then each batch is compiled, and written so that its compiled code will be executed when the file is read. www.tac.nyc.ny.us /manuals/elisp/elisp_168.html   (550 words)

The Parrot Bytecode (PBC) Format - The size entry may be followed by a stream of size opcodes (starting 16 byte aligned), which may of course be no opcode stream at all for size zero. << integer constants are represented as manifest constants in the byte code stream currently, limiting them to 32 bit values. All segments are aligned at a 16 byte boundary. www.parrotcode.org /docs/parrotbyte.html   (751 words)

WorkPackage3 < WorkPackage < TWiki Support for byte code level is needed to enable Proof Carrying Code, as only the byte code is available for checking by the code consumer. One innovative aspect of the work package is that we want to support specification and verification not only at source code level, but also at byte code level. We will develop a specification language and a program logic for single-threaded code at byte code level. mobius.inria.fr /twiki/bin/view/WorkPackage/WorkPackage3   (648 words)

Deviant Byte Code: A Fundamental Threat to Java Security Each byte of the code array is either a legal Java opcode, of which there are 201 at the present time, or an operand of an opcode. After inspecting Beginner.class, the author wrote Attacker.java, which inserted 3 bytes of code into Beginner.class at the end of its finally block: goto followed by the 2-byte offset necessary to return control to the beginning of the program. The code array, like the class file as a whole, is subject to a multitude of static and structural constraints, all of which must be checked by the Java Verifier [Lind]. www.cigital.com /hostile-applets/deviant2.html   (3660 words)

CMUCL: Different compilers The assembly code is slightly optimized, then assembled to machine code, and finally emitted to the FASL file. It works by using the first stages of the compiler, to convert the source code to the IR1 internal representation (which is a flow-graph based representation, with implicit control-flow information; also called ICR: Implicit Continuation Representation), which is then interpreted. code from a file without first compiling it using www.cons.org /cmucl/doc/different-compilers.html   (478 words)

Byte code instrumentation (US6314558) Instrumenting a portion of the byte code corresponding to a method call may include instrumenting a local line number of source code corresponding to the byte code being instrumented. Selecting the portions may include choosing portions of the byte code corresponding to method entry, method exit, a throw, a method call, or a new line number. (a) examining the initial byte code to determine an identifier associated with at least one block of code included in the initial byte code; www.delphion.com /details?pn=US06314558__   (557 words)

BCEL - The Byte Code Engineering Library is intended to give users a convenient possibility to analyze, create, and manipulate (binary) Java class files (those ending with.class). Classes are represented by objects which contain all the symbolic information of the given class: methods, fields and byte code instructions, in particular. The Byte Code Engineering Library (BCEL) may be also useful if you want to learn about the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) and the format of Java.class files. jakarta.apache.org /bcel   (160 words)

Decoding Instructions Since this is a mov of a byte from memory to a register the code is 10001010 (reference 5). The beginning of every instruction in machine code is an opcode that tells the machine whether you are doing an add, multiiply, mov, etc. Unfortunately, in the Intel architecture, each name such as "add" corresponds to several operation codes. The first byte is an 89 (Reference Number eight) as it is a move word from a register to a memory location. www.wiu.edu /users/mflll/310/Decode.html   (1567 words)

RCX Internals A P indicates a request sent from the PC to the RCX, an R indicates a reply from the RCX to the PC, and a C indicates a command that may be used in byte code. Additionally, user programs are downloaded to the RCX as byte code and are stored in a 6K region of memory. The table in this section gives a brief overview of the opcodes that make up the RCX byte code and is an index into the RCX Opcode Reference, where more information about the opcodes can be found. graphics.stanford.edu /~kekoa/rcx   (2302 words)

bytecode.nw The simple byte code used so far does not allow for flow control or variable assignments or calling arbitrary functions, or anything else that would be useful--it is very primitive. A byte coded version of the constant-folded version of the sample function is constructed by The overhead of the evaluation process can be further reduced by moving to a byte code representation of the code. www.stat.uiowa.edu /~luke/R/bytecode.html   (1715 words)

UTF-8: What is It and Why is It Important Code that assumes single byte code units typically don’t fail completely when provided UTF-8 text instead of ASCII or even Latin-1. UTF-8 is a multi-byte encoding in which each character can be encoded in as little as 1 byte and as many as 4 bytes. The encoding distributes a Unicode code value’s bit pattern across 1, 2, 3, or even 4 bytes. www.joconner.com /javai18n/articles/UTF8.html   (1579 words)

The Java Language Environment The bytecode verifier acts as a sort of gatekeeper: it ensures that code passed to the Java interpreter is in a fit state to be executed and can run without fear of breaking the Java interpreter. The bytecode verifier traverses the bytecodes, constructs the type state information, and verifies the types of the parameters to all the bytecode instructions. While all this checking appears excruciatingly detailed, by the time the bytecode verifier has done its work, the Java interpreter can proceed, knowing that the code will run securely. java.sun.com /docs/white/langenv/Security.doc3.html   (490 words)

Native compilation of Emacs byte-code The speedup over byte code is available, but in most cases it will be over-shadowed by the time spent in primitives. An attempt to speed up Emacs by compiling byte-code functions into native code. The GNU Lightning macros generate the native code. www.mundell.ukfsn.org /native   (295 words)

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