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Topic: Byte oriented


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In the News (Mon 28 Dec 09)

  
  EGI compression schemes
The number of compressed bytes is the size of the block (the header of the block is not included).
The first two bytes of each block is the primary index of the block, the remaining of the block is the "L"-column of the Burrows-Wheeler transform.
That is, if the fourth byte in the vertical shift list is 3, a copy of the seventh (4+3) scan line from the source image is placed at the fourth scan line of the destination image.
www.compuphase.com /compress.htm   (2024 words)

  
  Byte oriented - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A communication is byte oriented or character oriented when the transmitted information is grouped into bytes.
Byte oriented transmission makes use of byte-oriented protocols, that may involve transmission of additional bits as terminators, means of error recovery, etc.
The term byte oriented is often placed in an opposition to bit oriented, a distinction resembling that of binary and text files.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Byte_oriented   (183 words)

  
 BYTE.com
My approach to software engineering is far more pragmatic than it is theoretical--and no language better exemplifies this than C++.
BYTE Digest editors every month analyze and evaluate the best articles from Information Week, EE Times, Dr.
In this issue of Best of BYTE, we bring together some of the leading programming language designers and implementors...
www.byte.com /art/9503/sec15/art14.htm   (199 words)

  
 Partial byte transmit apparatus for digital communication systems - United States Patent 4,125,746
The size of the final byte is indicated by adding a pointer bit to the character in memory.
This byte is placed in a transmit register; a partial byte is shifted to the right until a pattern of all zeros and a one remain in the register; this pattern is recognized by the hardware and indicates that the end of the partial byte has been transmitted.
The apparatus determines if the final byte is a partial byte by counting the bits received and noting whether or not there is less than the requisite amount of bits in the character when the ending flag is detected.
xrint.com /patents/us/4125746   (6427 words)

  
 Access Control and Inheritance in Java by Richard G. Baldwin
We have previously seen examples of moving bytes from the keyboard (standard input device) to the computer's memory, and have seen examples of moving bytes from the computer's memory to the screen (standard output device).
The byte to be written is the eight low-order bits of the argument b which is an integer.
The individual bytes for the int data member named intData are selected and passed to the write() method by shifting bits to the right 3 times, 8 bits per shift This class does not override the write() method.
www.dickbaldwin.com /java/Java060.htm   (8507 words)

  
 Selected Important Java I   (Site not responding. Last check: )
The value byte is returned as an int in the range 0 to 255.
The general contract for write is that one byte is written to the output stream.
The byte to be written is the eight low-order bits of the argument b.
clem.mscd.edu /~evansell/LECTURES/IOSTREAMSBYTE.html   (200 words)

  
 TELNET - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The purpose of the TELNET Protocol is to provide a fairly general, bi-directional, eight-bit byte oriented communications facility.
It is typically used to provide user oriented command line login sessions between hosts on the Internet.
The name is derived from the words telephone network, since the program is designed to emulate a single terminal attached to the other computer.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Telnet   (1150 words)

  
 2   (Site not responding. Last check: )
The input of f1 is a byte array input stream.
The output of f4 is a byte array output stream.
System.in only provides the ability to read one byte at a time from the keyboard, and of course print streams are not sensitive to the underlying character set of the host machine.
www.mathcs.sjsu.edu /faculty/pearce/cs149/streams.htm   (1994 words)

  
 [No title]
A byte > as used in this document is synonymous with octet, which > occupies 8 bits.
A byte > > > as used in this document is synonymous with octet, which > > > occupies 8 bits.
A byte > > as used in this document is synonymous with octet, which > > occupies 8 bits.
www.omg.org /issues/issue585.txt   (3433 words)

  
 Working with Streams in Java > Working with Streams   (Site not responding. Last check: )
The basic unit of a byte-oriented stream is a byte and the basic unit of a character-oriented stream is a Unicode character.
I/O performance can be radically improved by grouping individual bytes (or characters) into aggregates before performing a write operation or reading a large group of bytes (or characters) and returning those bytes (or characters) on an individual basis from a buffer.
to cause all bytes that have been read since the most recent mark operation to be reread, before new bytes are read from the stream to which the buffered input stream is chained.
www.quepublishing.com /articles/article.asp?p=26067   (2257 words)

  
 6.6 Framing   (Site not responding. Last check: )
With any method that uses an end marker there is a problem that if the value of the end marker character or byte sequence occurs in the data being transmitted then the receiving hardware will believe that the frame has ended prematurely.
To solve the problem with byte oriented protocols a technique called byte stuffing is used: a special escape character (DLE in ASCII) is used.
Whenever the end marker value occurs in the data it is replaced by the escape character followed by a code indicating that the end marker was replaced.
homepages.feis.herts.ac.uk /~2com0060/sn2-node57.html   (474 words)

  
 FWIDE
When mode is non-zero, the fwide function first attempts to set stream’s orientation (to wide-character oriented if mode > 0, or to byte oriented if mode < 0).
Wide-character output to a byte oriented stream can be performed through the fprintf function with the %lc and %ls directives.
Char oriented output to a wide-character oriented stream can be performed through the fwprintf function with the %c and %s directives.
www.devdaily.com /unix/man/man3/fwide.3.shtml   (244 words)

  
 fcode manual
device type present a byte-oriented interface to the rest of the system, the associated hardware devices are usually record- oriented; the device reads and writes data in records containing more than one byte.
Returns the record size block-len (in bytes) of all data transfers to or from the device.
The position is the byte offset from the beginning of the device specified by the 64- bit number which is the concatenation of poshigh and poslow.
docs.sun.com /source/802-3239-10/blockdev.html   (2154 words)

  
 FCode93 manual
Byte devices are sequential-access mass storage devices, for example tape devices.
If the number of bytes read is 0 or negative, the read failed.
The position is the byte offset from the beginning of the device specified by the 64- bit number which is the concatenation of
docs.sun.com /source/801-5123-10/fcode.BlockDev.html   (1974 words)

  
 Input and Output   (Site not responding. Last check: )
You could use an int to move data around but how would you know if you should use one byte (byte oriented i/o) from the int or two (character oriented i/o).
This suggestes that separate methods and probably classes will be needed--one set of classes for byte i/o and one set for character i/o.
PrintStream outputs one byte characters converted from the 2-byte internal unicode characters.
www.bit.umkc.edu /burris/java/lectures/io   (1190 words)

  
 Bug ID: 4474269 ByteBuffer not compatible with byte[] I/O operations
Byte arrays have JVM byte array opcodes for a reason; they should permit relatively straightforward implementation of this, Matt Welsh's Jaguar2 implementation at Berkeley demonstrates this.
Naturally, the pain point is the JVM implementation, given byte arrays are highly-optimized and memory layout sensitive.
While it would be nice to use byte arrays instead of byte buffers, doing so would place too many constraints upon VM implementors and would unaccaptably degrade overall VM performance.
bugs.sun.com /bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id=4474269   (797 words)

  
 Files and Streams
A file can be, for example, a data set that you can read and write repeatedly (such as a disk file), a stream of bytes generated by a program (such as a pipeline), or a stream of bytes received from or sent to a peripheral device (such as the keyboard or display).
Once the file is successfully opened, you can then determine whether the stream is byte oriented (a byte stream) or wide oriented (a wide stream).
count bytes from the beginning of the stream (which is byte zero), so integer arithmetic on these offsets yields predictable results.
doc.ddart.net /c/standard_c_library_ref/lib_file.html   (1432 words)

  
 Fast NRZLM Encoding and Decoding Algorithm   (Site not responding. Last check: )
Even if an NRZL data source is byte-oriented, it is necessary to disassemble the NRZL bytes into bits, then encode the bits into NRZM one at a time by use of the Binary NRZM algorithm, then reassemble the NRZM-encoded bits into bytes.
Thus, if bits in an input sequence are grouped into bytes, one can start to encode or decode at the beginning of any byte, provided that one knows the last state produced by the preceding byte or bytes.
In formulating this byte-oriented NRZLM algorithm, the results of coding and decoding operations are precomputed by the Binary NRZM and Binary NRZL algorithms and stored in lookup tables; these tables contain the output bytes and last states for all possible input bytes and preceding last states.
www.nasatech.com /Briefs/Dec00/GSC13825.html   (731 words)

  
 File porting
An unrecommended option is using the C Run-Time-Library function 'write', it converts VAX/ALPHA little-endian longwords (4 bytes) to big-endian.
If the records are of the same known length, you may change the formal record-length to that value, without changing anything in the file.
If the records are not the same length, you'll need a routine that can reconstruct the original structure.
www.cmap.polytechnique.fr /~barbier/Guide_fortran/ch5-6.html   (935 words)

  
 Chistory
Of the 24K bytes of memory on the machine, the earliest PDP-11 Unix system used 12K bytes for the operating system, a tiny space for user programs, and the remainder as a RAM disk.
Finally, the B and BCPL model implied overhead in dealing with pointers: the language rules, by defining a pointer as an index in an array of words, forced pointers to be represented as word indices.
Within procedures, the language's interpretation of the pointers was identical to that of the array variables: a pointer declaration created a cell differing from an array declaration only in that the programmer was expected to assign a referent, instead of letting the compiler allocate the space and initialize the cell.
www.cs.bell-labs.com /cm/cs/who/dmr/chist.html   (8388 words)

  
 [No title]   (Site not responding. Last check: )
When mode is zero, the fwide function determines the cur­ rent orientation of stream.
It returns zero if stream has no orientation yet; in this case the next I/O operation might change the orientation (to byte oriented if it is a char I/O operation, or to wide-charac­ ter oriented if it is a wide character I/O operation).
A return value > 0 means wide-char­ acter oriented.
www.ibiblio.org /gferg/ldp/man/man3/fwide.3.html   (247 words)

  
 Byte Oriented Synchronous Quasigroup Stream Cipher with a Huge Keyspace - Maple Application Center - Maplesoft
Byte Oriented Synchronous Quasigroup Stream Cipher with a Huge Keyspace - Maple Application Center - Maplesoft
Since Maple is very well adapted to study and examine these new issues, in the contribution detailed implementation of one from many possible byte oriented systems of synchronous quasigroup stream ciphers with a huge keyspace has been presented.
Since the keyspace of the considered cipher is very huge indeed, some significant portion of a secret key can be made public.
maplesoft.com /applications/app_center_view.aspx?AID=1190&CID=8&SCID=6   (173 words)

  
 [No title]
Inputs: HL points to the 32 x 64 byte buffer for the directory DE points to the 11-byte file name/type buffer containing the file name/type to select A is alphabetization indicator; A=0 => alphabetize by file name and type, A
EVAL performs the conversion until a non-hexadecimal character is encountered, at which time it looks at the last character and the previous character to determine if the string is representing a binary, octal, decimal, or hexadecimal number.
On return, HL points to the byte after the buffer.
df.lth.se /~pi/compis/files/ftp.mayn.de/pub/cpm/archive/help/syslib.hlp   (2117 words)

  
 Synchronous Serial Communication Overview by Quatech
BiSync is a byte oriented protocol, which means that it approaches transmitted data as “blocks" that must each be decoded and tracked to determine what they are, and what they are telling the receiver to do.
For instance, it might be used by a primary node to activate the secondary nodes in the network.
All support both bit and byte protocols, and point-to-point and multipoint full- and half-duplex networks.
www.quatech.com /support/comm-over-syncserial.php   (1938 words)

  
 Use the two "R"s of Java 1.1 -- Readers and Writers
The byte-oriented stream classes, however, were flawed in one area -- support for Java's highly regarded Unicode character encoding.
As you will soon learn, these classes provided little or no support for converting between bytes and characters.
, which, according to the specification, writes a byte (the low eight bits of its integer argument).
www.javaworld.com /javaworld/jw-11-1997/jw-11-howto.html   (1200 words)

  
 sci.crypt: Re: Summary of Bit-Level SHA Discussion
The throughput of the digest algorithm is improved by
>>allowing the input stream to be buffered in bytes where possible.
No one is saying that bytes are bad.
www.derkeiler.com /Newsgroups/sci.crypt/2004-01/1089.html   (486 words)

  
 [No title]
ONE OF THE PROBLEMS WITH BSC IS; IT IS POSSIBLE THAT ONE OF THE BYTES IN THE DATA FILE HAS THE SAME BIT PATTERN AS THE CONTROL CHARACTERS.
IN THIS CASE, THE DATA BYTE WOULD BE WRONGLY INTERPRETED AS A CONTROL CHARACTER, AND THE RECEIVER WOULD PRESUME THAT THE PACKET HAD ENDED, LOSING ALL THE DATA THAT FOLLOWED.
COUNT THE NUMBER OF BYTES TO BE TRANSMITTED INSTEAD OF USING THE CONTROL CHARACTERS.
utminers.utep.edu /mkesh/ch7.htm   (492 words)

  
 fwide - Man Pages at IceWalkers.com
RETURNVALUE The fwide function returns the stream's orientation, after possibly changing it.
CONFORMINGTO ISO/ANSI C, UNIX98 SEEALSO fprintf(3), fwprintf(3) NOTES Wide-character output to a byte oriented stream can be performed through the fprintf function with the %lc and %ls directives.
Main reason to upgrade to kernel 2.6 is improved...
www.icewalkers.com /Linux/ManPages/fwide-3.html   (268 words)

  
 [No title]
Assuming the above interpretation is correct, an implementation needs to know, for any negotiated TCS-W, whether it is byte-oriented or not, since the CDR representation is different in each case.
And for non-byte oriented cases, be able to obtain the maximum no. of bits per wide character.
We don't know of APIs in XPG4, for example, to do this.
www.omg.org /issues/issue586.txt   (3631 words)

  
 Byte-Oriented Protocol (Linktionary term)
In any communication session between devices, control codes are used to control another device or provide information about the status of the session.
Byte- or character-oriented protocols use full bytes to represent established control codes such as those defined by the ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) scheme.
In contrast, bit-oriented protocols rely on individual bits for control codes.
www.linktionary.com /b/byte_oriented.html   (178 words)

  
 BYTE.com
Find white papers, case studies, Webcasts and analyst reports on everything from design through development to testing and implementation at BYTE's Research Papers and Reports.
In this volume of Best of BYTE, we explore the emergence of some heuristic algorithms.
Although we have only scratched the surface of this intriguing subject, we hope we've suggested the potential of the synthesis of heuristics and algorithms.
www.byte.com /feature   (965 words)

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