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Topic: Byzantine Emperor John I

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John I Tzimisces

Nicephorus II

Constantine VIII of the Byzantine Empire

Basil II

Theophano

Battle of Kleidion

Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria

Romanus III

Zoe of Byzantium

Batbayan

Presian

Cappadocia

Alexandria, Egypt

Antioch

1186

	Filioque clause - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Following John 15:26b, the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed states that the Holy Spirit "proceeds from the Father." The creed was first promulgated at the First Council of Nicea in 325 without the section on the Holy Spirit elaborated.
		The Son and the Spirit are said to have their eternal origin from the Father; the Son, the eternal Divine Logos (John 1:1) is "generated" ("born" or "begotten") of the Father, while the Spirit "proceeds" from the Father.
		At the Council of Florence, in the fifteenth century, Byzantine Emperor John VIII Palaeologus, Bishop Joseph, Patriarch of Constantinople, and other bishops from the East travelled to northern Italy, in hope of reconciliation with the West and the aid of Roman armies in their conflict with the Ottoman Empire.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Filioque_clause (6656 words)

	Pope John XIII - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He was elected Pope John XIII five months after the death of Pope Leo VIII (963–965), as a compromise candidate, with the agreement of Emperor Otto I (936–973).
		Otto II was afterwards married to the niece of the Byzantine Emperor John I Tzimisces (969–976), as part of the ongoing attempt to reconcile Eastern and Western Churches.
		John XIII created new Latin archbishoprics in southern Italy, thus reducing the influence of the Eastern Orthodox church, as well as the Byzantine Empire.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_John_XIII (261 words)

	Roman Emperors DIR John II Comnenus, Emperor of Cyprus
		John had refused to renew the treaty that his father Alexius had made with the Venetians, no doubt in part due to the fact that Sicily was no longer perceived as a threat.
		John laid siege to Antioch, and it soon surrendered, John agreeing to the proposal that Raymond should remain in control of Antioch as the emperor's liegeman, until such time as Aleppo capitulated to their combined armies.
		John's sojourn in Byzantium was brief, for, despite illness, he needed to go to the rescue of Lopadium in Mysia (spring 1139), and the regions of the Sangarius river.
	www.roman-emperors.org /johncomn.htm (3157 words)

	emperors3
		He negotiated unsuccessfully with the Byzantine emperor Nicephorus II Phocas for an alliance between the Byzantine and Holy Roman empires, but was able to arrange a marriage between his son Otto II and Theophano, daughter of the Byzantine emperor Romanus II.
		Rudolf II (1552-1612), Holy Roman emperor (1576-1612), king of Hungary (1572-1608), and king of Bohemia (1575-1611), born in Vienna, the son and successor of Emperor Maximilian II.
		King of Hungary (1387-1437), of the Romans (1410-37), of Bohemia (1419-37), and of the Lombards (1431-37); Holy Roman emperor (1433-37) of the house of Luxembourg.
	website.lineone.net /~johnbidmead/emperors3.htm (5912 words)

	Byzantine Empire 610-1095 by Sanderson Beck
		John of Damascus was born in that city in the last quarter of the seventh century, and he probably died in 749.
		John did not claim that his ideas are new but that they are based on sound Christian doctrine, much of which he got from the Greek fathers Basil, Gregory of Nyssa, and his main source, Gregory Nazianzen.
		John criticized Muhammad's teaching that they could have four wives and an unlimited number of concubines, that men could divorce their wives easily, and he was offended that Muhammad made Zayd divorce his wife so that he could marry her.
	www.san.beck.org /AB15-ByzantineEmpire.html (17708 words)

	Jere's Ars Magica Saga: Byzantine Timeline
		The Byzantine emperor Alexander II dies and is succeeded by his 8-year-old nephew, son of the late Leo VI, who will reign until 959 as Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus ("born to the purple").
		The Byzantine emperor Michael VII abdicates and is succeeded by a soldier chosen by the Asiatic troops.
		The Byzantine emperor Alexius I Komnenos is defeated with a large army at the Battlle of Drystra by heretic Bogomils in Thrace and Bulgaria who have revolted against Constantinople.
	www.geocities.com /leucretia/bginfo/timeline.html (3719 words)

	St. John Chrysostom Byzantine Catholic Church (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		He fled into the desert of Egypt during the reign of Emperor Decius and died about A.D. John was of famous parentage and received tonsure in the monastery of the Cenobities in the reign of Leo the Great Emperor (457 -474).
		Charalampias Martyr endured death by the sword A.D. 203 at Magnesia in Asia Minor in the hegemony of Lucinianus in the reign of Emperor Septimius Severus.
		Wonderworker from Myra to Bari (Italy) A.D. 1096 in the reign of Alexis Commenus Emperor.
	www.stjohnchrysostom.com /info.asp?p=3 (5409 words)

	AllRefer.com - John VI, Byzantine emperor (Ancient History, Late Roman And Byzantine, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		John VI (John Cantacuzene)[kan´´tukyOOzEn´] Pronunciation Key, c.1292–1383, Byzantine emperor (1347–54).
		John's reign briefly quieted civil and religious strife within the empire.
		In 1354 he abdicated in favor of John V and retired to a monastery, where he wrote a history of the period 1320–56.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/J/John6Byz.html (250 words)

	John III, Byzantine emperor of Nicaea Byzantine Coins & Coin Jewelry
		John III, Byzantine emperor of Nicaea (John Ducas Vatatzes) (d´ks vtt´zz) (KEY), d.
		1254, Byzantine emperor of Nicaea (1222—54), successor and son-in-law of Theodore I. He extended his territory in Asia Minor and the Aegean islands but failed (1235) to take Constantinople from the Latins, although he was aided by Ivan II of Bulgaria.
		The eastern half, later known as the Byzantine Empire, made the city an important defensive stop to the south of Byzantium (Constantinople).
	www.realtreasures.com /john3.htm (356 words)

	The Reluctant Emperor: A Biography of John Cantacuzene, Byzantine Emperor and Monk, c. 1295-1383 by Donald M. Nicol ...
		This is a biography of one of the most unusual Byzantine emperors in Constantinople who reigned from 1347 to 1354, and subsequently spent thirty years as a monk.
		John Cantacuzene was unique in that he wrote his own memoirs and in his varied talents and interests in a long life, as a soldier, scholar, and theologian.
		The reluctant Emperor is a magnificent story of the political struggles of the time and the desire of the Romans to rebuild their diminishing empire.
	www.gettextbooks.com /isbn_0521552567.html (336 words)

	AllRefer.com - John I, Byzantine emperor (Ancient History, Late Roman And Byzantine, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		John I (John Tzimisces)[tsimis´Ez] Pronunciation Key, c.925–976, Byzantine emperor (969–76).
		With the aid of Emperor Nicephorus II's wife, Theophano, John had Nicephorus murdered and himself proclaimed emperor.
		John gained the favor of the patriarch of Constantinople by revoking his predecessor's anticlerical legislation.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/J/John1Byz.html (207 words)

	Emperor Justinian: Architect of the Byzantine Legacy
		Byzantine Emperor Justinian was the bold architect of a revitalized Byzantine Empire that would leave a lasting legacy for Western Civilization.
		In the early 300's, Roman Emperor Constantine, the first Christian Roman Emperor, recognized the growing wealth and cultural strength of the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire and decided to relocate the capital of his Empire to the East (Norwich 3).
		Emperor Constantine had defended the heretical Arians and made a strong effort to reconcile the Church with Arius, the founder of Arian Christianity.
	stu.cofc.edu /~wecapps/emperorjustinian.htm (3497 words)

	Coins of the Byzantine Empire
		John came to power through the machinations of his mistress, and the wife of Nicephorus, Theophano.
		Theophano was to be disappointed in her plans for marrying the new emperor.
		John is described as handsome with dark-blond hair, a red beard and piercing blue eyes, though his surname refers to his short stature.
	www.wegm.com /coins/johni.htm (604 words)

	The Wargamer - 1000 Years of War in Review
		Henry V captures father (1105), invades Italy (1110), is crowned Emperor in Rome (1111), is excommunicated (1112).
		Byzantine Emperor John II Comnenus expels Seljuk Turks from southwestern Anatolia (1121), Patzinak Turks from the Balkans (1122), Serbs (1123), defeats Hungarian King Stephen II and supports the rise of Bela to the throne (1124).
		Crowned Emperor in 1167, Frederick is defeated by Lombard League at the Battle of Legnano (1176).
	www.wargamer.com /articles/1000Y/1000y_p2.asp (649 words)

	Medal of Emperor John VIII Palaeologus (obverse) by PISANELLO
		John VIII Palaeologus (1390-1448) was a Byzantine emperor who spent his reign appealing to the West for help against the final assaults by the Ottoman Turks on the Byzantine Empire.
		Son of Manuel II Palaeologus, John was crowned co-emperor with his father in 1421 and succeeded him in July 1425.
		John's spirit was broken, and intrigues over the succession, coupled with news of the Turkish victory over the Hungarians in the Second Battle of Kosovo in October 1448, hastened his death.
	gallery.euroweb.hu /html/p/pisanell/medals/palaigol.html (256 words)

	Emperor John VIII
		John Palaeologus, 1390-1448; ruler of the Byzantine Empire, 1425-1448.
		By the end of his reign, much of the Byzantine Empire had been conquered by the Ottoman Turks.
		His brother and successor, Constantine XI, would be the last Byzantine emperor.
	dibinst.mit.edu /DIBNER/Rhodes/glossary/emperor.html (39 words)

	CalendarHome.com - 1390s - Calendar Encyclopedia
		August 10 - Albert II of Habsburg, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire
		Emperor Suko of Japan, third of the Northern Ashikaga Pretenders.
		Hongwu Emperor of China, founder of the Ming Dynasty.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /1390s.htm (212 words)

	Royalty.nu - Byzantine Empire - Emperor Justinian the Great and Empress Theodora
		The Emperor Justinian and the Byzantine Empire by James Allan Evans.
		This Byzantine epic is an important source of information about Justianian's reign, his wars of reconquest, and about the Berber tribes of North Africa.
		Born into the lowest class of Byzantine society, Theodora became an actress and attracted the love of the future emperor Justinian, who made her not only his wife but also his partner in government.
	www.royalty.nu /history/empires/Byzantine/Justinian.html (906 words)

	John V, Byzantine emperor
		Forced to fight John VI (John Cantacuzene), who usurped the throne during his minority, he came into power in 1354.
		John vainly tried to heal the schism between East and West in order to secure Western aid against the Turks.
		John V was succeeded by his son Manuel II.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0826388.html (149 words)

	Crocker ~ Ashley - Person Page 40
		John's arrival was ignored by Fulk, who declined an invitation to meet John in Jerusalem.
		Isaac Angelus, Byzantine Emperor dethroned by brother, Alexius III; Isaac's daughter marries Henry's brother, Philip of Swabia; Henry prepares crusade to Constantinople.
		John Gaillard is the son of Nicholas Gaillard.
	www.tracycrocker.com /p40.htm (4394 words)

	Byzantium: Faith and Power (1261–1557) \| Publications for Educators \| Explore & Learn \| The Metropolitan ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Facing the author’s portrait, on the left, representing the ancient Greek physician Hippocrates, Alexios is shown seated before a lectern with open book, presumably the very text he has commissioned.
		Alexios is identified by the Greek inscription above his portrait as Grand Duke, the title he held from 1341–1345 in the court of the Byzantine emperor John V Palaiologos (r.
		He wears the hat known as the skanarikon decorated with a portrait of the reigning emperor, a sign of his office, as well as a belted caftan of silk adorned with griffins enframed by medallions, characteristic of the fashionable garments of contemporary court members.
	www.metmuseum.org /explore/byzantium_III/people_7.html (183 words)

	John V, Byzantine emperor
		The fall of Constantinople: Judith Herrin tells the dramatic story of the final moments of Byzantine control of the imperial capital....
		The Shape of Sacredness: From Prehhistoric Temples to Neo- Byzantine Churches.
		The Ninth Circuit Court's treatment of the history of suicide by ancient Jews and Christians in Compassion in Dying v.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0826388.html (228 words)

	History of Armenia - Armenica
		John II Comnenos (of the Comnenos dynasty which ruled between 1118-1143), took advantage of the dispute between Levon I and the prince of
		Of Levon I’s four sons, one was murdered by Byzantine, the other, named Toros, remained in Byzantine captivity while the other two sons, Stephan and Mleh, were given shelter at the court of Sultan Nourredin of
		Mountains, led the Armenians in a revolt and with couple of thousand men and his brothers Stephan and Mleh by his side was able to attack the Byzantine army.
	www.armenica.org /cgi-bin/history/en/getHistory.cgi?7=1==K-72==1=3=A (529 words)

	Reference: Philosophers, Scientists and Theologians of the Middle Ages - By Miles Hodges (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		This religious uproar in Byzantine Christendom broke out in 726 when Eastern Emperor Leo III (680-741), who had just managed to fight off the Muslim army from the gates of Constantinople and retake most of Asia minor, went on the offensive against religious icons.
		John had inherited from his Christian father a high position in the caliph's government; but losing this position, he became a monk near Jerusalem.
		He became an outspoken critic of the Emperor's iconoclastic policy, making a distinction between veneration and worship, stating that veneration of icons was merely the focus on the visible human nature of Christ--themselves, like the written Gospels, merely testimonies to the divine Christ.
	www.newgenevacenter.org /reference/middle-ages2.htm (6339 words)

	[No title]
		It was built in 1345 by the Byzantine Emperor John VI Kantakouzenos in commemoration of the persecution of St Andrew.
		The bearing structure of the church was seriously damaged by the earthquake of 1981, and has had to be supported.
		It is a three-aisled basilica with a dome resting on a cylindrical drum, a tripartite sanctuary and an interesting stone-built screen.
	www.city-of-loutraki.gr /byzantine/st_andrew.htm (182 words)

	History of The Ottoman Empire - Time of Fatih Mehmet the Conquerer
		Crosses into Balkans in 1345 as ally of Byzantine Emperor, John Cantacuzenus, against Serbs; marries his daughter, Theodora; 1353, John C. Again calls in Orhan and this time Ottomans stay; set up base at Gallipoli; JohnC.
		War with Hungary provokes another crusade against Ottomans; coalition of Hungary, Poland, Bosnia, Wallachia, and Serbia led by the Hungarian, John Hunyadi, wins a victory; Murat signs ten-year truce at Szegedin (1444), voluntarily abdicates in favor of his 14-year-old son, Mehmet, and retires to life of religious study and contemplation.
		Mehmet besieges Rhodes (1480-81), held by the Knights of St. John, a relic of the Crusades, but dies before the siege is successful.
	www.turizm.net /turkey/history/ottoman1.html (666 words)

	Ottoman
		He had married to Teodora, the daughter of the Byzantine Emperor Yoannis Kontakuzinas XI, in 1346.
		His second wife was Holofira the daughter of the Byzantine Prince of Yarhisar.
		He defeated Byzantine Emperor Andronicus III and conquered large parts of Asia Minor, including Nicaea and Izmit.
	www.theottomans.org /english/family/orhan.asp (235 words)

	An Orthodox Christian Space: March 14, 2006
		It was through his influence that the Grand Prince Simeon sent money to the Byzantine Emperor John Cantacuzene for repairs to the Great Church of Hagia Sophia.
		Saint Euschemon the Confessor, Bishop of Lampsakos, lived in Asia Minor on the coastal region of the Dardanelles peninsula, and was known for his virtuous and ascetic life.
		He suffered for the holy icons under the iconoclast emperor Theophilus (829-842), and having been imprisoned, he was sent into exile and died.
	subdeaconchristianjohn.spaces.live.com /Blog/cns!D39B32AEA6869A7F!802.entry (3216 words)

	kronoloji
		1354 - Under political pressure, John Cantacuzenus was forced to abdicate and John Palaeologus became the new Byzantine Emperor.
		Peace is declared between the Ottomans and the Byzantines.
		1456 - The Byzantine successor kingdom of Trebizond (Trabzon) was subordinated to the Ottomans.
	www.stfrancis.edu /hi/kronoloji.htm (2813 words)

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