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	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Byzantine Art
		Byzantine; that is, between the art of Byzantium, or
		Constantine was accompanied in the domain of art by the appearances of extraordinary gorgeousness and pomp, expressed, however, with stiffness and formality.
		Byzantine reliquaries, ivory triptychs, chalices, costly fabrics, and specimens of pictorial art.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03095a.htm (1035 words)

	Charles Diehl - Byzantine Art
		Their art was by no means clumsy, dry, monotonous, or bound by rigid formulas; it was Î¿n the contrary distinguished throughout its history by astonishing diversity of type, by creative power, and by a scÎ¹entific handling of problems of constructional equilibrium, no less than by the life which inspired it.
		It was a realistic art, in which a masterly power of composition was combined with a wonderful sense of colour, and thus in the history of Byzantine art it appears as both original and creative.
		Thus all the qualities of Byzantine art are preserved in these works of the fourteenth century; everywhere in the picturesque or pathetic elements of their compositions, and in the matchless skill of their colouring, we find the same observation of nature and life, the same contrast between elegance and realism, and the same creative impulse.
	www.myriobiblos.gr /texts/english/diel.html (9733 words)

	Byzantine art and architecture. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Byzantine achievements in mosaic decoration brought this art to an unprecedented level of monumentality and expressive power.
		An important aspect of Byzantine artistic activity was the painting of devotional panels, since the cult of icons played a leading part in both religious and secular life.
		Byzantine silks, the manufacture of which was a state monopoly, were also eagerly sought and treasured as goods of utmost luxury.
	www.bartleby.com /65/by/ByzantinANA.html (917 words)

	20th WCP: The Power of Symbolism in Byzantine Art
		Byzantine art is one such example of art in the service of theology and the salvation of humankind which was perceived to be surrounded by sin and destruction.
		Borne of the Early Christian art of the 3rd and 4th centuries (Rodley, p.2) prior to its acceptance and promotion as the official state religion of the Roman empire, this art form originally drew on the visual imagery of the pagan past.
		Byzantine art and theology still present today within the Eastern Orthodox Church provides a model of synthesis of spiritual and visual realities, thus adding to the repertoire of the power of images to inspire and educate.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Aest/AestSaba.htm (3042 words)

	Byzantine art
		Byzantine art was a synthesis of the Christian art forms of the Middle Ages, their own art forms which had existed in the pre-Christian early period, and all of the arts that had been gleaned from the territories and countries which were under the rule of the Empire.
		Byzantine arts in their earliest periods were closely related to the changes which had occurred in the Roman Empire.
		Because the Byzantine Empire did not have its own unique beginning as a civilization, this early transitional period is referred to as the period of "Early Christian Art." Following this early period, the art forms of the Byzantine can be classified as having three distinct stages.
	www.turizm.net /turkey/thebyzantine.html (645 words)

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		To the fresco was added an extended use of the wall-mosaic, an art working for broader and larger effects, with sharper outlines, an art to be viewed at a distance, a spacious art, needing for its development the cooperation of the architect.
		But the triumph of the monk and of the sacred image had a double effect on Byzantine sacred art: it tended to hallow those traditional forms which had been attacked, and thus to perpetuate a fixed iconography, and it also strengthened monastic influences: the monastery of Studius became the vigorous center of a cloistral art....
		Byzantine art has often been scorned as decadent and lifeless; but of recent years there has been manifest a growing appreciation of its permanent value and significance.
	www.ewtn.com /library/HOMELIBR/BYZANTIN.TXT (874 words)

	Byzantine Art
		The art of the Eastern Roman Empire and of its capital Byzantium, or Constantinople.
		The introduction of Eastern court ceremonial by Constantine was accompanied in the domain of art by the appearances of extraordinary gorgeousness and pomp, expressed, however, with stiffness and formality.
		From classical and ancient Christian art Byzantine genius derived a correct combination of the ideal with truth to nature, harmonious unity along with precision in details, as well as the fondness for mosaics, frescoes, and pictures on panels, in opposition to the dislike of non-Christian and sectarian Orientals to pictorial representation.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/b/byzantine_art.html (1161 words)

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		In Byzantine iconography the Hospitality of Abraham is a symbolic depiction of the Holy Trinity.
		For the BA degree in art history the student must have a C average (2.0) on all work taken in the University and eighteen semester hours of work with the grade of C or better in art history.
		The Byzantine empire began with the transformation of the Roman empire initiated by the official acceptance of Christianity and the establishment of Constantinople as the capital city.
	www.lycos.com /info/byzantine-art.html (661 words)

	Byzantines.net - Icons in the Byzantine Catholic Church
		Byzantine output of icons and the importance of them in religious life grew considerably.
		The interior of a Byzantine Catholic Church is described as "heaven on earth" - the place where God dwells and where man can "lay aside all earthly cares." Between the altar and the congregation there is the iconostasis, which establishes the unity between God and man; where the material and sensory worlds meet.
		It is being recognized as art and is being used more frequently by the faithful in their homes and by religious education instructors in their classes.
	www.byzantines.net /moreinfo/iconsInTheBCC.htm (2519 words)

	Byzantine Art and Architecture - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Byzantine Art and Architecture, the art of the Byzantine, or Eastern Roman, Empire.
		Early Christian Art and Architecture, art works and buildings produced between the 3rd and 7th centuries for the Christian church.
		Islamic Art and Architecture, the art and architecture of those territories—the Middle East, North Africa, northern India, and Spain—that fell under...
	encarta.msn.com /Byzantine_Art_and_Architecture.html (155 words)

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		It is also a theological art, in the sense that the Byzantine artist did not aspire to freedom of individual interpretation but was the voice of orthodox dogma and subject to the Church which established the dogma.
		The opulence of Byzantine art with its extravagant use of gold is well known.
		On Venetian-occupied Crete, painters of not always local origin had cultivated the art of the portable icon to a high degree, creating an organized basis for its large-scale manufacture and systematic exportation which made Crete the most important artistic centre in the Orthodox world during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
	www.lycos.com /info/byzantine-art--artists.html (628 words)

	Byzantine Art and Architecture (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Byzantine Art and Architecture, the art of the Hellenic Byzantine Empire originated chiefly in Constantinople, the ancient (Hellenic) Greek town of Byzantium.
		Byzantine art and architecture arose in part as a response to the needs of the Eastern, or Orthodox, Church.
		Byzantine art never lost its Hellenistic heritage but continued to draw upon it as a source of inspiration and renewal.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Oracle/7823/art.html (316 words)

	Byzantine Art : The New Spirituality - Art History
		Byzantine art is the art of the Eastern Roman Empire from roughly the fifth century B.C. to the fifteenth century A.D. In general, Byzantine art is characterized by the use of rich color and figures that appear flat and rigid.
		Art during this period flourished until Byzantium fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453.
		In fact, there are a number of Byzantine poses of Mary and Jesus that became a sort of “standard.” In one popular representation of Mary, she holds Christ with her left arm and gestures toward him with her right hand, apparently indicating that the way of Christ is the way of salvation.
	www.bellaonline.com /articles/art41134.asp (793 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Byzantine
		Byzantine art and architecture Art produced in the Byzantine empire e of the Balkans.
		Faith and power: the Metropolitan Museum's triptych of Byzantine exhibitions reaches its conclusion with an unparalleled overview of the art of the Palaiologan era.
		Decline Of The Byzantine Empire: Ravages Of Roger Of Sicily
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Byzantine (882 words)

	Byzantine Art Studio - Elias Katsaros, Byzantine Iconographer, History of Byzantine Iconography
		Christian Art became heir to the traditions of the ancient art of Greece.
		Byzantine paintings include the wall paintings, portable icons, mosaics and the painted manuscripts that were produced by the artists of the Greek Empire of Byzantium.
		This is why the image of the Orthodox Church, the icon, does not define itself as an art belonging to one or another historical epoch, nor as the expression of the national peculiarities of one or another people.
	www.byzantine-iconography.com /history.htm (309 words)

	BYZANTINE ART - Online Information article about BYZANTINE ART
		Rome the art was still classical, although it had even then gathered up many of the elements which were to transform its aspect.
		Hardly any distinction can be set up in the material contents of the art; it was at least for a period only simplified and sweetened, and it is this freshening which prepared the way for future development.
		In some of the miniatures of the later school of the art the classical revival of the loth century was especially marked.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /BUN_CAL/BYZANTINE_ART.html (6238 words)

	Byzantine Art
		Byzantine art eventually spread throughout most of the Mediterranean world and eastwards to Armenia.
		Byzantine art and architecture arose in part as a response to the needs of the Eastern Orthodox Church.
		Byzantine art never entirely lost its Hellenistic heritage but continued to draw upon it as a source of inspiration and renewal.
	arthistory.heindorffhus.dk /frame-Style05-Byzantine.htm (1047 words)

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		In Christian art animal forms have always occupied a place of far greater importance than was ever accorded to them in the art of the pagan world.
		In the early days of Latin and Byzantine Christianity, as well as in the period of its full bloom in the Middle Ages, a prodigious number of representations of animals is found not only in monumental sculpture, but in illuminated manuscripts, in stained glass windows, and in tapestry as well.
		Their literature and art, philosophy and political thinking never came close to the ancient output: it was devoted to and dominated by the young christian religion, which loathed and envied in the same time the ancient achievements.
	lycos.cs.cmu.edu /info/byzantine-art--periods.html (557 words)

	ArtLex on Byzantine Art
		Byzantine paintings and mosaics are characterized by a rich use of color and
		His graceful posture and harmonious gestures, along with the calmness of his face, are evocative of classical art.
		Byzantine, 14th century, Reliquary Box with Scenes from the Life of John the Baptist, tempera and gold on wood, 9 x 23.5 x 9.9 cm (3 5/8 x 9 1/4 x 4 inches), Cleveland Museum of Art, OH.
	www.artlex.com /ArtLex/b/byzantine.html (899 words)

	Byzantine Art - Byzantine Icons
		Byzantine art is the term commonly used to describe the artistic products of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire) from about the 5th century until the fall of Constantinople in 1453.
		Byzantine art grew from the art of Ancient Greece, and never lost sight of its classical heritage, but was distinguished from it in a number of ways.
		Choose from: The Early Christian Art, The Sixth Century Art, The Monuments of Ravenna, Iconoclasm, The Macedonian Dynasty, The Comnene Dynasty, The 12th Century Art in Italy, The Latin Occupation of Constantinople, The Palaiologan Period.
	www.huntfor.com /arthistory/medieval/byzantine.htm (1722 words)

	History of Art: Byzantine Art
		Byzantine art displayed the same constancy: in the fifth and sixth centuries, it developed a formal expression that was manifested in thousands of works of art that came to be regarded as sacred and immutable.
		Churches on Torcello, in Venice, are remnants of the Byzantine "cities of silence".
		The influence of Coptic art was to last beyond the Islamic conquest of Egypt.
	www.all-art.org /history136.html (826 words)

	Byzantium and the West (Getty Exhibitions)
		This exhibition explores the influence of Byzantine art on manuscript painting in Germany, Italy, and Armenia.
		The art of Byzantium was influenced by the elaborate ceremonies at the emperor's court in Constantinople, the largest and most impressive city in Europe.
		Byzantine artists used a set of standard compositions and facial types but also strove to portray the human form in a natural way.
	www.getty.edu /art/exhibitions/byzantium/index.html (763 words)

	Byzantine art and architecture — FactMonster.com
		Byzantine art and architecture, works of art and structures works produced in the city of Byzantium after Constantine made it the capital of the Roman Empire (A.D. 330) and the work done under Byzantine influence, as in Venice, Ravenna, Norman Sicily, as well as in Syria, Greece, Russia, and other Eastern countries.
		Byzantine art and architecture: Byzantine Art - Byzantine Art Mosaic Byzantine achievements in mosaic decoration brought this art to an...
		Byzantine art and architecture: Byzantine Architecture - Byzantine Architecture The architecture of the Byzantine Empire was based on the great legacy of...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/ent/A0809703.html (185 words)

	Gallery: Byzantine Images
		The plan of the typical Byzantine house in 6th century Jerusalem (the period depicted in the Medeba map), suited the life-style of that city.
		Illustrated is the interior of a reconstruction of a typical Byzantine house in Jerusalem.
		The sun clock was not a Byzantine invention, and clocks like the one illustrated (or similar to it) have been found from earlier periods (ancient Roman).
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/byzantium/images.html (2139 words)

	Byzantine Art
		Byzantine art is the art of the Byzantine Empire, centered in Constantinople (now Istanbul).
		Byzantine art was completely focused on the needs of the Orthodox church, in the painting of icons and the decoration of churches with frescoes and mosaics.
		The Byzantine style basically ended with the fall of Constantinople to the Turks in 1453, during the European Renaissance.
	www.artcyclopedia.com /history/byzantine.html (97 words)

	Byzantine Art
		Byzantine art is more spiritual in content (figures presented as representations of the soul rather than the body) and yet more "worldly" in form with a show of gold, silver, precious and semi-precious stones.
		The "Icon of the Savior" to the left, a Georgian icon, has all the elements of Byzantine art: the conventionalized appearance of Jesus, the gold relief set with pearls, rubies, garnet, turquoise, amythest and bone.
		This late Byzantine style can be seen in the art of the west in late Gothic and early Renaissance painting.
	www.accd.edu /sac/vat/arthistory/arts1303/ECBYZ3.htm (566 words)

	Byzantine Art Studio - Elias Katsaros, Byzantine Iconographer - About Elias Katsaros
		Elias Nicholas Katsaros was born in Constantinople, Turkey in 1945 of Greek parentage.
		Having lived in Constantinople until the age of nineteen, he was surrounded with Byzantine Art and History.
		During this period in his education he was taught the basis of Byzantine technique which would influence his painting of Icons in the future.
	www.byzantine-iconography.com /about.htm (223 words)

	Byzantine Art
		The art and architecture reflects differences between the Roman Catholic religion which develops in the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern Orthodox religion which thrived in the East, in the Byzantium Empire.
		The development of the style of Byzantine Art was developed during the Fifth and Sixth centuries.
		"Byzantine art displayed the same constancy: in the fifth and sixth centuries, it developed a formal expression that was manifested in the thousands of works of art that came to be regarded as sacred and immutable" (Marceau, Jo 1997, pg 136)
	www.historylink101.com /lessons/art_history_lessons/ma/byzantine_art.htm (508 words)

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