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Topic: Byzantine coinage

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	[No title]
		A characteristic of Byzantine coinage is the use of Christian religious symbolism - from images of the cross to images of Christ.
		The Byzantine monetary economy collapsed during the mid-11th century and was only stabilized at the end of the century by Alexius I. The old monetary system was replaced by 4 denominations - the gold hyperperon, the electrum aspron trachy (1/3 of the hyperperon), the billon aspron trachy (1/48 of the hyperperon), and a copper tetarteron.
		Byzantine gold coinage was suspended during the 14th century after a series of debasements, and the Byzantine Empire ended its long numismatic history with a modest silver and bronze coinage.
	americanhistory.si.edu /collections/numismatics/byzant/denom.htm (653 words)

	[No title]
		The "Coinage" page is a general discussion of the denominations and types of Byzantine coinage and the changes that occurred over the 1000 years of the empire's existence.
		The Byzantines considered themselves to be Romans despite the fact that by the end of the 7th century AD Latin was no longer in regular use for official purposes - Greek had replaced Latin and had become the official language of the Empire.
		Alexius I's reforms in the late 11th century temporarily restored the stability and reputation of Byzantine coinage until the sack of Constantinople by the Venetians and the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade in 1204 permanently crippled the Empire and its economy.
	americanhistory.si.edu /collections/numismatics/byzant/byzhome.htm (591 words)

	[No title]
		Coinage of Luxembourg from 1026 until 1968, including the Abbaye d'Echternach (974-1155), the coinage of the Comte de Chiny (1258-1355), the Siegneurie de Moiry (1249-1329), the Siegneurie de Schoenecken (1316-1351), the Seigneurie de St-Vith (1346-1352), the Comte de Salm en Ardenne (Vielsalm) (1297-1306), the Seigneurie d'Orchimont (1432-1436), and the Terre Franche de Cugnon (1611-1672).
		Abbasid coinage from the short-lived mint of al-Haruniyya, in Armenia.
		The coinage of the Bishopric of Eichstaett (Eichstaedt), Bavaria, from 985-1802.
	islamiccoinsgroup.50g.com /Jims_Bibliography.txt (16759 words)

	Greek_Coins_History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Coinage was issued in the name of the kings of Macedonia in northern Greece from the reign of Alexander I (about 498-451 Bc), but it was Philip II (359-336 Bc) and his son Alexander the Great (336-323 Bc) who had the greatest influence on the development of coinage.
		The use of Byzantine coinage was increasingly confined to the enclaves of direct Byzantine control: Macedonia and Thrace and the despotate of the Morea in the Peloponnese.
		The coinage was struck at the Royal Mint in London and consisted of cupro-nickel (20 and 50 lepta and 1 and 2 drachmai),
	coinsmania.tripod.com /coinsmania_in_english.htm (3513 words)

	J2202 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Byzantine coinage derived from that of the later Roman Empire in the same way that Byzantium was the continuation of the Roman state.
		The structure of the Byzantine coinage is largely based on the monetary system of the Roman Tetrarchy, which had been reformed by Constantine the Great (c.
		It has long been customary to start the Byzantine coinage with the Anastasios I (AD 491-518), since by his time the western line of emperors had come to an end (conventionally in AD 476) and it was his own monetary reform that created the characteristic pattern of Byzantine coinage for centuries to come.
	www.culture.gr /2/21/214/21401m/presveis/Pages/museum/22/p2202_1.html (1108 words)

	Byzantine coinage - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The nummus was an extremely small bronze coin (about 8-10mm), which was inconvenient because a large number of them were required even for small transactions.
		The golden solidus remained a standard of international commerce until the eleventh century, when it began to be debased under successive emperors beginning in the 1030s under the emperor Romanos Argyros (1028–1034).
		Under Alexius I Comnenus (1081–1118) the debased solidus was discontinued and a gold coinage of higher fineness (generally.900-.950) was established, commonly called the hyperpyron.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Byzantine_coinage (666 words)

	Coinage spans 28 centuries - 07/5/04
		The coinage of ancient Greece surfaced around the Mediterranean from Spain and France through Italy and Sicily to Greece itself and among the Greek peoples of Asia Minor down the coast to Syria, Judaea and Alexandria in Egypt past Cyrene and ending in Carthage.
		The basic unit of Byzantine coinage was the gold solidus, or nomisma, the latter often struck in a characteristic cupped shape.
		Similar goals could be set for collecting medieval coinage, although such a collection would be larger than a similar collection of ancients because of the spread of coinage during medieval times.
	www.coinworld.com /news/070504/BW_0705.asp (1236 words)

	Larry Gaye Interview Dec 03
		Byzantine coinage is an area of real opportunity for the collector so inclined.
		It was the coinage of the common man and used extensively in everyday commerce.
		The Byzantine Emperor Anastasius I in 498 AD saw the need to reform Roman coinage to facilitate trade and was very successful as opposed to George III.
	www.unsogno.net /conders/larrygayedec03.htm (1897 words)

	Perspectives in Numismatics - Medieval European Coinage
		Coinages were reduced in western and central Europe to imitatives of the old Roman or the still functioning East Roman (Byzantine) Empires.
		By the 15th century French coinage was being restricted by the king and by the end of the next century, little feudal coinage remained.
		Byzantine coins, after the reforms of Anastasius, were dated by regal years on the bronze (Roman numerals to the right of the denomination mark) but this was dropped during the Iconoclastic period.
	www.chicagocoinclub.org /projects/PiN/mec.html (7525 words)

	Byzantine Coin replica cast for Barony of Nordskogen Event
		Most elements of Byzantine coinage came from the Romans, with the exception that they used Latin for the inscriptions (an amusing side note-some mint engravers would lapse into Greek on their inscriptions.
		The follis was used extensively for the next 6 centuries and its creation is considered a good starting point for the history of Byzantine coinage.
		Bronze coinage was used for payment of workers and soldiers and was the general currency.
	www.thelostboys.org /ioan/byzlecture.html (1078 words)

	Byzantine coins offered by Classical Coins include bronze folles, gold solidi, silver miliaresia.
		The coinage reform of 498 is the demarcation between the Roman and Byzantine Empires.
		By far the most extensive part of this thousand-year coinage series are gold solidi and their successors, which tend to sell at reasonable prices unless the issue is rare or unusual in some way.
		During the Late Empire the gold coinage was debased by adding silver, and after more than a thousand years since the end of the Greek electrum coinage, that alloy reappeared as a significant numismatic metal.
	www.classicalcoins.com /byzantine-coins.html (296 words)

	Institute of Archaeology and Antiquity
		The study of Byzantine coins is primarily the study of the movement of people, commodities and ideas within and outside the borders of the Byzantine commonwealth.
		By placing coins in their geographical, historical and archaeological background, we will trace the commercial, and military land- and sea-routes, the extent of the monetary sector in the cities and the countryside, the political and cultural interchange between areas, and the circulation of various mint issues in the Eastern and Western Medieval Europe.
		In semester two, the course continues the examination of the Byzantine coinage and economic history from 969 to 1453.
	www.arch-ant.bham.ac.uk /staff/coins2.htm (298 words)

	Perspectives in Numismatics - Eight Hundred Years of Roman Coinage
		These were to remain the basic denominations of the Republican bronze coinage, though with inflation and the reduction of the weight standard multiples of the as were occasionally to appear, such as the decussis (ten asses), the quincussis (five asses), the tressis (three asses), and the dupondius (two asses).
		Sulla also produced a gold coinage, and his aureus denarius was the forerunner of the denomination which was to occupy such an important place in the Roman Imperial monetary system.
		Commodus' coinage (A.D. 177-192), especially that produced towards the end of his reign, increasingly reflects the megalomaniac tendencies of this unworthy son of a noble father.
	www.chicagocoinclub.org /projects/PiN/rc.html (7272 words)

	Byzantine Coinage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		While the beauty and richness of the ancient Greek and early Roman coinage remain unsurpassed, the Byzantine series, with both the stability and variety exhibited during its thousand-year span, remains unique in the history of numismatics.
		The transition point between the (Eastern) Roman and Byzantine empires - typically placed somewhere between the 4th and 7th centuries - is largely a matter of historical convenience, since the Empire itself knew no such distinction.
		The usual numismatic convention is to begin the Byzantine period of coinage with the great monetary reform of Anastasius I, in 498 AD.
	www.suc.org /exhibitions/byz_coins (351 words)

	Fitzwilliam Museum: Coins and Medals - The Normans
		The type of coinage most often mentioned in southern Italian documents of the 8th and early 9th centuries is the gold coinage of Benevento.
		It was modelled partly after the Byzantine tremissis of Syracuse and then calibrated to the dinar, the standard gold coin of the Muslim world.
		This coin is quite exceptional in medieval coinage for its classical portrait moulded in high relief, and it anticipates the taste of Renaissance Italy in the 15th-16th centuries.
	www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk /gallery/normans/chapters/Normans_3_2.htm (2864 words)

	Coinage in western continental Europe, Africa, and the Byzantine Empire (5th-10th century) (from coin) -- ...
		The fall of Roman power in the West left the gold currency of the Byzantine Empire undisturbed; it was to become the most dominant single influence in European coinage for 1,000 years, competing at first with the gold of the Arab caliphates and later with that of the great Italian commercial republics as well.
		The pictorial and architectural styles that characterized Byzantine art, first codified in the 6th century, persisted with remarkable homogeneity within the empire until its final dissolution...
		As this empire grew by conquering lands of the Byzantine Empire and beyond, it came to include at the height of its power all of Asia Minor; the countries of the Balkan Peninsula; the islands of the...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-15971 (987 words)

	Degrees in Byzantine Studies at Oxford: Auxiliary Disciplines
		Primary material for the study of Byzantine epigraphy, in the form of inscriptions on stone, metal and other objects, and icons, is available in the Ashmolean Museum.
		The study of Byzantine coinage forms a necessary introduction to the understanding of the Byzantine economy.
		Byzantine specialists need to know the economic implications of coinage, but they should also know the coins themselves, be able to identify them and be aware of the ideological messages they convey.
	www.history.ox.ac.uk /byzstud/degrees/optionh.htm (516 words)

	Byzantine Empire
		Later historians called it the Byzantine Empire, though that was not it's name at the time.
		For convenience, the Byzantine Empire can be considered to start in the reign of Anastasius I (491 -518 AD), because that was when the coinage was changed from a Roman type to a completely new style.
		The conquests of the Muslims, and later the Turks and Mongols, encroached on Byzantine territory.
	www.forumancientcoins.com /historia/byzantine_1.htm (295 words)

	as-Sikka, Journal of The Islamic Coins Group
		The past local coinage seems to be limited to that of the Sabaeans, the Himyarites, the Nabataens, and Rome's Provencia Arabia.
		Along with his interest in Ottoman/Cypriote coinage his main field in numismatics is the study of the 3rd-1st c BC Greek-Illyrian silver coinage of Apollonia and Dyrrhachium.
		Coinage served as the unit and means of circulation; each region in the Khanate used a form of red bronze coinage called the
	islamiccoinsgroup.50g.com /assikka1.htm (5300 words)

	[No title]
		Bellinger and P. Grierson, eds., Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection (Washington, 1966-).
		Metcalf, "The Coins--1982" in J. Humphrey, ed., The Circus and a Byzantine Cemetery at Carthage I (Ann Arbor, 1988) 337-381.
		This contribution to the Survey is extremely thorough, and the more valuable as it covers a wealth of periodical literature generated by the recent appearance of numerous major catalogues and the author's own MIB.
	www.amnumsoc.org /seminar/bibs/ANSBibByzantine.doc (1176 words)

	Coinage in the Byzantine Empire (from coin) -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can ...
		Coinage in western continental Europe, Africa, and the Byzantine Empire (5th–10th century)
		Byzantine coinage began effectively with the reign (491–518) of Anastasius I.
		Provides an illustrated study on the evolution of coins from the ancient period to the modern period with traces of history associate with it.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-15973 (1151 words)

	Byzantine Coins Reference Material
		Coinage of the Ostrogoths, Visigoths and Lombards in the British Museum
		The Coinage of the Visigoths in Spain Leovigild to Achila II - ANS HNS #2
		The standard reference of the final coinage of the Byzantines.
	www.byzantinecoins.com /reference.html (1004 words)

	VCoins - The Online Coin Show
		Coinage of the Triumvirs, Antony, Lepidus and Octavian
		Coinage of The Crusades and The Latin East in The Ashmolean Museum Oxford (1995)
		Coinage of The Crusades and The Latin East in The Ashmolean Museum Oxford (1983)
	www.vcoins.com /ancient/jwalker/store/pricelist.asp (1234 words)

	CoinArchives.com Lot Viewer
		The Arab-Byzantine coinage of Syria-Palestine and North Africa illuminate a true watershed in world history, when the classical, Christianized western society was supplanted by a completely novel culture, that of the Muslim Arabs.
		However, the earliest reference to an Arab gold coinage is related to events of 688 AD, when Justinian II and 'Abd al-Malik signed a truce agreement, ceding territory to the Arabs upon a weekly payment of 1000 solidi, one horse and one slave.
		Theophanes the Confessor asserts that a few years later Justinian objected to al-Malik's new coinage, and his supposed response was the introduction of the Christ portrait solidus.
	www.coinarchives.com /a/lotviewer.php?LotID=43903&AucID=46&Lot=1189 (433 words)

	byzantine currency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Byzantine currency, money used in the Eastern Roman Empire after the fall of the West, consisted of mainly...
		BYZANTINE COINS: gazing byzantine coins Nekhludoff with glistening eyes.
		is in power, and byzantine coins worship it and hate...
	www.stocktradersecrets.com /articles/70/byzantine-currency.html (253 words)

	J2201 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Byzantine coinage developed from the monetary system of the later Roman Empire.
		It has been customary to start Byzantine coinage after the end of the western line of emperors, with the monetary reform of
		The Macedonian dynasty : The peak of the Byzantine Empire
	www.culture.gr /2/21/214/21401m/presveis/Pages/museum/22/p2201A.html (213 words)

	Maney Publishing - Contents/Abstracts - Volume 28 (2004) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It is only in recent years that the complexity of the seventh-century Arab-Byzantine coinage of jund Filastin has become apparent.
		This paper examines the ways in which coins convey information and illustrates the potential, as well as the problems, of using numismatics in answering some of the questions posed by the study of seventh century Syria.
		It also warns against the danger of pre-conceptions about the role of coinage and the status of different forms of evidence.
	www.maney.co.uk /contents/byz/vol28 (736 words)

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