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	Byzantine chant - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Byzantine chant
		During the course of the 11th century the introduction of new hymns was forbidden, and the power of the Byzantine Empire was broken with the establishment of the Latin Empire (1204–61).
		Byzantine music, notated in neumes, is based on a system of eight modes (echoi), defined by characteristic melodic formulas as well as by tonality.
		The comparative simplicity of earlier and middle Byzantine music gave way, at the end of the period, to a highly embellished style in which the balance between verse and music tended to be destroyed.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Byzantine+chant (359 words)

	Byzantine Empire - MSN Encarta
		Byzantine Empire, eastern part of the Roman Empire, which survived after the breakup of the Western Empire in the 5th century ad.
		Bulgaria declined and was occupied by Byzantine armies in the 970s, while these armies also reconquered land southeast of the Taurus Mountains from the Muslims, including parts of northern Mesopotamia, northern Syria, and the northern Syrian coast.
		Meanwhile, the Byzantines lost their last foothold in Italy and were alienated from the Christian West by a schism (1054) between the Orthodox church and the papacy.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761561530/Byzantine_Empire.html (1128 words)

	Byzantine complexity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Byzantine complexity is a phrase used to refer to anything overly and unnecessarily complex; so complex as to be completely beyond understanding.
		The Byzantine Empire was the end result of centuries of Roman rule and bureaucratic growth.
		In fact, it was so complex that governments that had to deal with the Roman government used the term 'Byzantine complexity' to refer to it
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Byzantine_complexity (165 words)

	Byzantine Empire Details, Meaning Byzantine Empire Article and Explanation Guide
		The Byzantine Empire or Eastern Roman Empire was the eastern section of the Roman Empire, with its capital at Constantinople (modern Istanbul), which remained in existence after the fall of Rome in the 5th century.
		The Byzantine period is usually considered to extend from 395 to 1453.
		The Normans finally completed the Byzantine expulsion from Italy in 1071, and the Seljuk Turks, who were mainly interested in defeating Egypt under the Fatimids, still made moves into Asia Minor, the main recruiting ground for the Byzantine armies.
	www.e-paranoids.com /b/by/byzantine_empire.html (2311 words)

	Byzantine Studies Conference: 1980 Abstracts
		The Byzantine court dress in general was ornamented with Sasanian-type textiles in emulation of the fabled luxury of the imperial Persians.
		Byzantine dyophysite Orthodoxy, to be sure, weathered the storm and, in the works of, e.g., Maximus the Confessor and John of Damascus may even be said to have resolved the crisis.
		The Byzantine conquest of the Bulgarian Empire, completed by 1018, was evidently followed by an attempt to integrate the newly acquired lands through the re-Hellenization of the slavicized population.
	www.byzconf.org /1980abstracts.html (16872 words)

	Fall of Constantinople (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern part of the Roman empire, a remnant of the breakup of the Western Empire in the 5
		Eventually, the Byzantines lost their last foothold in Italy and were alienated from the Christian West by the Great Schism of 1054 between the Orthodox Church and the papacy.
		The Decline of the Byzantine Empire was said to have been hastened by the Crusades, even though they did recover some lands of Asia minor during that time period.
	library.thinkquest.org /20176/fallconstantinople.htm (411 words)

	Definition of ph (complexity)
		The complexity class was defined by Gill in 1977.
		He claims that specified complexity is present when there exists a large amount of sp...
		4:...that had to deal with it that the term 'Byzantine complexity' became a general term that was and is used to de...
	www.wordiq.com /search/ph+%28complexity%29.html (952 words)

	insurance Byzantine - insurance-notes.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Housing experts say there are several reasons for the Byzantine business structures....statement, which lists an interest in the Rural Housing Re-Insurance Co....
		A citizen of the Byzantine Empire, or a native Greek during the Middle Ages.
		Byzantine Rite, an ecclesial rite in the Catholic Church
	www.insurance-notes.com /Byzantine (287 words)

	Plato - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		There are obvious parallels between the Cave allegory and the life of Plato's teacher Socrates (who was killed in his attempt to "open the eyes" of the Athenians).
		This example reveals the dramatic complexity that often lies under the surface of Plato's writing (remember that in the Republic, it is Socrates who relates the story).
		Plato's thought is often compared with that of his most famous student, Aristotle, whose reputation during the Western Middle Ages so completely eclipsed that of Plato that the Scholastic philosophers referred to Aristotle as "the Philosopher".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Plato (4046 words)

	Ottoman
		Roman in allegiance and Greek in culture, the region nonetheless retained its ethnic complexity.
		Although Greek in language and culture, the Byzantine Empire was thoroughly Roman in its laws and administration.
		Almost until the end of its long history, the Byzantine Empire was seen as ecumenical--intended to encompass all Christian people--rather tha The arrival of the first Christians (the word "Christian" was at first a term of abuse) made little impact on the world of Rome.
	www.theottomans.org /english/history/empire.asp (313 words)

	Intrusion-Tolerant Middleware: The Road to Automatic Security (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Byzantine agreement requires all parties to agree on a binary value proposed by an honest party.
		Multivalued Byzantine agreement is based on the previously described protocol and provides agreement on values from large domains.
		In classical protocols, this entails some complexity or delay because the sender might be malicious or the network might be attacked or have omission failures.
	www.computer.org /portal/site/security/menuitem.6f7b2414551cb84651286b108bcd45f3/index.jsp?&pName=security_level1_article&TheCat=1001&path=security/2006/v4n4&file=oth.xml& (5020 words)

	Byzantine complexity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The end result of the combination of aristocracy, the remnants of the Roman republic, and time was a complex and opaque system of government that no one who had not grown up inside it had more than a hope of understanding.
		(And many inside felt they had no hope of understanding.) In fact, it was so complex that its very complexity became a watchword in surrounding areas and in governments that had to deal with it that the term 'Byzantine complexity' became a general term that was and is used to describe any overly complex system.
		Computational complexity and other fun stuff in math and computer science as viewed by Lance Fortnow.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Byzantine_complexity.html (734 words)

	House of Commons Hansard Debates for 6 Jul 2005 (pt 12) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The tax system of any modern economy will be complex, but ours has reached heights of Byzantine complexity.
		Complexity is such that the tax system is incomprehensible to the vast majority of ordinary people, and fairly unintelligible even to the most numerate of taxpayers.
		Complexity also increases costs for taxpayers: it is costly for them to get the professional advice that they need to complete their tax returns and the paperwork needed to ensure that they are paying the correct amount of tax.
	www.publications.parliament.uk /pa/cm200506/cmhansrd/cm050706/debtext/50706-12.htm (1502 words)

	Science/AAAS \| Editors' Choice : 09 August 2002; 297 (5583) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Fiji Islands sit in an area of almost byzantine tectonic complexity--a zone of seafloor spreading and transform faulting between the Tonga and Vanuatu trenches in an offset section of the Pacific-Australian convergent plate boundary.
		The difficulty of determining the crystal structures of macromolecular complexes, especially those that may exist only transiently, has prompted recourse to other methods, such as the widely used comparison of amino acid sequences as well as the newer mapping of protein-protein interactions.
		Analysis of the currents as a function of voltage, ionic composition, and transit peptide sequence leads them to describe the channel as a constricted central region 1.4 nm in diameter, with a vestibule that is almost twice as wide.
	www.sciencemag.org /content/vol297/issue5583/twil.dtl (1312 words)

	David Brin: Kiln People
		Albert Morris is a detective, whose rare gift of being able to create many and accurate golems aides him in his chosen profession, although he has found himself stymied by the mysterious ditnapper (a ditto, or dit-, is another term for the golems), Beta.
		To add to the sense of confusion, the story is told from the point of view of the original Albert Morris as well as several of his dittos.
		Brin seems more interested in speculating about the science fictional aspects of the world and using them to create a Byzantine complexity to the plot which means that even as the detective story grows and mutates, it loses some of its power and interest.
	www.sfsite.com /~silverag/kiln.html (513 words)

	Cryptology ePrint Archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Byzantine agreement requires a set of parties in a distributed system to agree on a value even if some parties are corrupted.
		A new protocol for Byzantine agreement in a completely asynchronous network is presented that makes use of cryptography, specifically of threshold signatures and coin-tossing protocols.
		The protocol is formulated as a transaction processing service in a cryptographic security model, which differs from the standard information-theoretic formalization and may be of independent interest.
	eprint.iacr.org /2000/034 (141 words)

	byzantine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Byzantine Byzantine art Byzantine architecture Byzantine empire Byzantine Patriarch Byzantine religion Byzantine Art and Architecture Byzantine Rite Zoe of the Byzantine Empire Byzantine currency Byzantine Senate Byzantine complexity Byzantine failure Byzantine Failure Leo I of the Byzantine Empire
		Byzantine Chant Includes history, theory, and Wav files of Byzantine choirs and individual psalters.
		Byzantine Macedonia Macedonian Heritage provides an illustrated description of Macedonia under the rule of the Byzantine Empire.
	www.purpleuniverse.com /free_associate-byzantine.html (152 words)

	Virtuality and documentation: Recreating the Byzantine heritage
		Often times the full documentation of a historical site requires excessive surveying and photogrammetric work, while numerous objects of both large and very small volume should be recorded.
		Moreover, the complexity of the objects, their usually large number and their spatial, topological or historical interrelation, calls for application of advanced GIS techniques for their documentation.
		In 1375, the byzantine Emperor Alexios the 3
	www.gisdevelopment.net /application/archaeology/general/archg0030.htm (408 words)

	Eunomia: "Far Less Byzantine Than Homosexuality..."
		I know that people routinely use the word byzantine to mean excessively complex, labyrinthine or generally confusing, but besides being an annoying holdover of anti-Byzantine prejudice this impression of intricate complexity has far less to do with the Byzantines than many might suspect.
		The Byzantines did have a bureaucracy with a number of different officials, each with his own functions, and I assume that it is from the alleged complexity of the bureaucracy (which is, of course, a function of bureaucracy itself, and not of any particular people) that has lent the Byzantines this bad name.
		But there is simply nothing about being specifically Byzantine that is inherently more complicated, much less excessively so, to justify the meaning of this word.
	larison.org /archives/001120.php (226 words)

	U of U School of Computing - Faculty Recruiting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Byzantine fault tolerance techniques can elegantly provide reliability without overly increasing the complexity of the system and have recently earned the attention of the system community.
		In the first part this talk I discuss some of the contributions I have made toward practical Byzantine fault tolerance---in particular, how to reduce the cost of replication and how to reconcile replication with confidentiality.
		In the second part of the talk I argue that Byzantine fault-tolerance alone is not sufficient to deal with cooperative services under multiple administrative domain, where nodes may deviate from their specification not just because they are broken or compromised, but also because they are selfish.
	www.cs.utah.edu /dept/colloq/05-06colloq/martin.html (222 words)

	The Glory of Byzantium \| Publications for Educators \| Explore & Learn \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Their civilization had far-reaching political and cultural influences in all directions during the Byzantine period.
		The interaction between the Islamic and Byzantine art forms reflects the empire's view of itself as the center of the world, connecting with all the surrounding cultures.
		ultural links also existed between Byzantium and the Latin West during the Byzantine centuries and are evident in the works of art of both cultures.
	www.metmuseum.org /explore/Byzantium/byzsub_3.html (142 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In this paper we consider a general adversary that is specified by a set of subsets of the player set (the adversary structure), and any one of these subsets may be corrupted by the adversary.
		A result of Hirt and Maurer implies that this condition is necessary and sufficient for the existence of a Byzantine agreement protocol, but the complexity of their protocols is generally exponential in the number of players.
		The purpose of this paper is to present the first protocol with polynomial message and computation complexity for any (even exponentially large) specification of the adversary structure.
	www.crypto.ethz.ch /cgi-bin/show?what=abstract&label=FitMau98 (201 words)

	Byzantine Icon Workshop, D. Zdravkovic
		The course will present a practical and thoretical insight into the complexity of the procedure, distinctiveness and major principles of Byzantine painting.
		Examples of painterly treatment of the face (eyes, mouth, hair) in Byzantine painting will be demonstrated.
		This program will be additionally illustrated by the examples shown during the one-day field trip to the monastery Studenica.
	www.ulus.org.yu /ENGLISH/Exhibitions/ICaE/Byzantine_Icon_Workshop_D.Zdravkovic.htm (197 words)

	Going to Byzantium: art and spirituality converge in the Met's dazzling exhibit of Byzantine art." National ...
		Byzantine Christianity is also the lost relative of Roman Catholicism--lost when Byzantium lived (longstanding rivalry between the two Christian outposts led to the Great Schism of 1058), and lost because of centuries of misperception and neglect in history books.
		Byzantium, when mentioned at all, was a curiosity whose denizens spoke Greek rather than Latin, overindulged in fine silks and spices, and idolized strange-looking mosaics and paintings.
		Edward Gibbon, in his Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, found Byzantines barbarian and perverted, a judgment Europe accepted until the late 19th century when painters rediscovered Byzantine art and historians began to unearth its true history--a task that continues and from which this exhibit profits so remarkably.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1141/is_31_40/ai_n6078065 (755 words)

	[No title]
		AS COMPLICATED as the financing of public schools may be — maybe a half-dozen people in the entire state fully understand Proposition 98, the school finance law approved by voters in 1988 — the financial underpinnings of transportation are worse, as a new report from the Legislatures budget office reveals.
		The acts Byzantine complexity begins with its title.
		If we want to restore the viability of the system, we must be willing to pay for it — or we may even lose those federal funds.
	www.insidebayarea.com /portlet/article/html/fragments/print_article.jsp?article=3424443 (508 words)

	St. Ann Byzantine Catholic Church
		The 27-year-old priest was made assistant pastor of Saint John Byzantine Catholic Church in Hazleton, Pennsylvania, and shortly after became pastor of St. Mary's Byzantine Catholic Church in nearby Sheppton.
		He was also serving as pastor of Holy Spirit Byzantine Catholic Church in Williamstown, Pennsylvania, nearly 50 miles to the north.
		Saint Ann Byzantine Catholic Church—the community, the temple, the beauty of the worship, the vibrant youth programs, the commitment of volunteers and lay leaders, the steady growth in knowledge and faith—is itself a rich and beautiful mosaic, the legacy of Father Michael Shear.
	www.stannbyz.org (978 words)

	DI/FCUL \| Informações sobre o DI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The system where the consensus protocol runs is mostly asynchronous and can fail in an arbitrary way, except for the wormhole, which is secure and synchronous.
		Using the wormhole to execute a few critical steps, the protocol manages to have a low time complexity: in the best case, it runs in a single round, even if some processes are malicious.
		The protocol is also arguably faster than classical Byzantine protocols, because it does not use public-key cryptography in runtime.
	www.di.fc.ul.pt /tech-reports/abstract.php?report_ref=2003-25 (207 words)

	BULLETIN 24 Jan 97 - History of art
		This research success followed on from a good outcome in the teaching quality assessment held in November in which History of Art was accorded a score of 20 out of a maximum score of 24, the assessors declaring themselves "immensely impressed" by the high quality of the seminars.
		The conference is being organised by art historian Liz James, who has been known to protest frequently at meetings across the University when the word 'Byzantine' is used merely to suggest stagnation or unnecessary complexity.
		The fabulous empire of the eastern Mediterranean experienced sex, scandal and murder on a gigantic scale and the theme of the conference Desire and Denial in Byzantium is designed to explore Byzantine attitudes to their own humanity and its frailties.
	www.sussex.ac.uk /press_office/bulletin/24jan97/item4.html (260 words)

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