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Topic: Byzantine currency

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	Byzantine Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Byzantine Empire or Eastern Roman Empire was the eastern section of the Roman Empire, with its capital at Constantinople (modern Istanbul), which remained in existence after the fall of Rome in the 5th century.
		The Byzantine period is usually considered to extend from 395 to 1453.
		Although the empire was not yet "Byzantine" under Constantine, Christianity would become one of the defining characteristics of the Byzantine Empire, as opposed to the pagan Roman Empire.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/b/by/byzantine_empire.html (2174 words)

	Byzantine Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Byzantines identified themselves as Ρωμαίοι (Rhomaioi - Romans) which had already become a synonym for a Έλλην (Hellenes - Greeks), and more than ever before were developing a national consciousness, as residents of Ρωμανία (Romania, as the Byzantine state and its world were called).
		Attempts by the Arabs to conquer Constantinople failed in the face of the Byzantines' superior navy, their monopoly of the still mysterious incendiary weapon Greek fire, the city's strong walls, and the skill of warrior emperors such as Leo III the Isaurian (reign 717 - 741).
		The Normans finally completed the Byzantine expulsion from Italy in 1071, and the Seljuk Turks, who were mainly interested in defeating Egypt under the Fatimids, still made moves into Asia Minor, the main recruiting ground for the Byzantine armies.
	www.marylandheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Byzantine_Empire (3746 words)

	BYZANTINE EMPIRE FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Greek-speaking Roman_Empire during the Middle_Ages, centred at its capital in Constantinople.
		Byzantines identified themselves as Romaioi (Î¡ÏÎ¼Î±Î¯Î¿Î¹ - Romans) which had already become a synonym for a Hellene (ÎÎ»Î»Î·Î½ - Greek), and more than ever before were developing a national consciousness, as residents of Ρωμανία (Romania, as the Byzantine state and its world were called).
		The Byzantine Empire was the empire that brought widespread adoption of Christianity to Europe - arguably one of the central aspects of a modern Europeâs identity.
	www.whereintheworldisbush.com /Byzantine_Empire (4164 words)

	Encyclopedia: Byzantine
		Manzikert of emperor Romanus IV (Diogenes), Byzantine emperor from 1068 to 1071, was a member of a distinguished Cappadocian family, and had risen to distinction in the army, when he was convicted of treason against the sons of Constantine X. While waiting execution he was summoned into the presence of the empress regent...
		Empire of Trebizond, and the The Despotate of Epirus was one of the successor states of the Byzantine Empire, founded in the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade in 1204.
		It claimed to be the legitimate successor of the Byzantine Empire, along with the Empire of Nicaea and the Empire of Trebizond.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Byzantine (11447 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Byzantine Empire
		The decline of the Byzantine Empire is strikingly exhibited in the depreciation of currency during the reigns of the Comneni.
		Byzantine civilization produced a succession of typical women of middle class who are a proof, first, of the high esteem in which women were held in social life and, secondly, of the sacredness of family life, which even now distinguishes the Greek people.
		The Byzantine State was successful it is true, in keeping the Serbs in nominal subjection, and in entering into diplomatic and family relations with the royal family of Hungary, but the Bulgarians finally broke loose from Byzantine control.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03096a.htm (16935 words)

	Konstantinato
		The gold Byzantine coin, commonly known as Konstantinato, or To Nomisma (The Coin), was the first perfect monetary unit to combine the three characteristics of aureum solidum, integrum et totum.
		The obverse depicted the diademed portrait of the reigning emperor, while on the reverse was the figure of Victory seated on a throne and holding a small winged Victory and a cornucopiae, the horn of abundance.
		This tribute had to be paid in hyperpyra, that is in the old Byzantine currency that had been issued before the mid-11th century, and which had never been recalled and withdrawn from circulation.
	www.greece.org /arts-culture/konstantinato/konstantinato.htm (1539 words)

	NTU Info Centre: Byzantine Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered around its capital in Constantinople.
		Byzantines identified themselves as Ρωμαίοι (Rhomaioi - Romans) which had already become a synonym for a Έλλην (Hellene - Greek), and more than ever before were developing a national consiousness, as residents of Ρωμανία (Romania, as the Byzantine state and its world were called).
		Attempts by the Arabs to conquer Constantinople failed in the face of the Byzantines' superior navy, their monopoly of the still mysterious incendiary weapon Greek fire, the city's strong walls, and the skill of warrior emperors such as Leo the Isaurian.
	www.nowtryus.com /article:Byzantine (3386 words)

	Byzantine Empire Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The term Byzantine Empire was invented in 1557, about a century after the fall of Constantinople by German historian Hieronymus Wolf, who introduced a system of Byzantine historiography in his work Corpus Historiae Byzantinae in order to distinguish ancient Roman from medieval Greek history without drawing attention to their ancient predecessors.
		Mehmed and his successors, continued to consider themselves proper heirs to the Byzantines until their own demises early in the 20th century.
		However, the Byzantines greater influence lies in its spreading of Orthodoxy (the so-called "Byzantine commonwealth," a term coined by 20th century historians).
	www.variedtastes.com /encyclopedia/Byzantine_Empire (4617 words)

	Byzantine Empire -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Constantinople is liberated by the Byzantine emperor of (An ancient city in Bithynia; founded in the 4th century BC and flourished under the Romans; the Nicene Creed was adopted there in 325) Nicaea, Michael Palaeologus.
		Although the empire was not yet "Byzantine" under Constantine, Christianity would become one of the defining characteristics of the Byzantine Empire, as opposed to the (A person who does not acknowledge your God) pagan Roman Empire.
		Early Byzantine missionary work spread (Click link for more info and facts about Orthodox Christianity) Orthodox Christianity to various (A race of people speaking a Slavonic language) Slavic peoples, and it is still predominant among the Russians and many other Slavic peoples as well as among the Greeks.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/by/byzantine_empire.htm (3749 words)

	TheStreet.com: Answers to the Y2 Chaos Quiz
		Apparently, the Byzantines and the Arabs weren't aware that these were the Dark Ages.
		Byzantine currency was a more successful version of the euro.
		Eugene Finerman is a humorist, speechwriter and founder of the Byzantine Antidefamation League.
	www.thestreet.com /comment/easymoney/851872.html (373 words)

	[No title]
		The Byzantine period is usually considered to extend from 395 to
		The term Byzantine Empire was invented and popularised by the 18th century
		Three Byzantine successor states were left - the Empire of Nicaea, the Empire of Trebizond, and the
	en-cyclopedia.com /wiki/Byzantine_Empire (2113 words)

	Information on byzantine currency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Byzantine currency, money used in the Eastern Roman Empire after the fall of the West, consisted of mainly...
		Anastasius 40 nummi and 5 nummi Byzantine currency, money used in the Eastern Roman Empire after the...
		People who have begun saving for retirement late in their working life are most likely to gain a financial advantage from choosing a Roth IRA over a traditional IRA.
	cash-gd.com /articles/102/byzantine-currency.html (512 words)

	Byzantine empire : QuicklyFind Info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Like many classicists of his time, Montesquieu regarded the Empire after the 5th century AD as corrupt and decadent, and not worthy of the name "Roman." So he coined a new name, taken from Byzantion, the original Greek name of the city of Constantinople.
		G. Ostrogorsky: History of the Byzantine State, 2nd edition, New Brunswick (NJ) 1969.
		Warren Treadgold: A History of the Byzantine State and Society, Stanford, 1997.
	www.quicklyfind.com /info/Byzantine_empire.htm (2133 words)

	Antiquity- Coins: Solidus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Antiquity, the Orient and early Christendom are united in Byzantine art.
		In the 15th century the Renaissance was stimulated by the preservation of the Greek-Roman cultural heritage in Byzantium.
		The Byzantine currency, the solidus, became the link between the coinage system of antiquity and that of the Middle Ages, as this gold coin, under various names and standards, was minted up into the 14th century.
	www.moneymuseum.com /standard_etage_2_english/raeume/altertum/muenzen/byzanz/content.html (204 words)

	Constantinople after 1261 \| Special Topics Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		But however concerted the effort to rebuild, the city was struggling: the expense of reconstruction devalued the Byzantine currency, the territorial base of the empire steadily contracted, and the population dwindled considerably.
		The Byzantine aristocracy failed to compete with the Genoese and the Venetians, who oversaw increasingly profitable trade routes.
		An inscription on folio 83 (recto) of the twelfth-century Byzantine psalter (
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/hd/cnst/hd_cnst.htm (609 words)

	Kievan Rus Database (Coins) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This evidence is poor, though, because the Byzantine coins that served as Vladimir's models bore imperial portraits.
		During Vladimir's reign there appeared gold and silver coins modeled on the contemporary Byzantine currency (patterns on the coins of Basil and Constantine were copied).
		Owing to their crude execution in comparison with Byzantine models, the matrices of all Vladimir's coins are believed to be the products of coiners in Rus.
	members.aol.com /bksmyre/Coins.html (270 words)

	BSC PROGRAMS
		Currency: Byzantine Coinage East and West, A.D. 1100" at the Alexander S. Onassis Center for Hellenic
		Adoption of the Islamic Inverted T-Plan in Byzantine
		Perceptions of Byzantium and the Byzantines in the
	www.sc.edu /bsc/prog95.htm (813 words)

	Mavi Boncuk: 28/11/04 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Although a large percentage of the population was Muslim, an estimated three-fifths in 1477, Byzantine and European communities also resided in Istanbul.
		Mehmed made particular commercial concessions to the Europeans, while the people of Byzantine descent preserved their traditions by transferring manuscripts to prominent citizens and ecclesiastical figures, an example being a late twelfth-century Byzantine psalter (2001.730).
		An inscription on folio 83 (recto) of the twelfth-century Byzantine psalter (2001.730) describes the execution of a Christian in the Hippodrome, implying tensions between the new inhabitants and those whose ancestors presided in Istanbul before 1453.
	maviboncuk.blogspot.com /2004_11_28_maviboncuk_archive.html (5348 words)

	Byzantine coinage - SmartyBrain Encyclopedia and Dictionary
		The exact reason for such coins is not known, although it is usually theorized that they were shaped for easier stacking.
		A handbook of the coinage of the Byzantine Empire
		Studies on Early Byzantine Gold Coinage (Numismatic Studies)
	smartybrain.com /index.php/Byzantine_currency (682 words)

	Byzantine Studies Conference Program
		Byzantine Studies Conference Program [I scanned the brouchure to send over the Net.
		9 NOVEMBER 6:00-9:00pm Reception and Registration Inauguration of the Exhibition "A Mediterranean Currency: Byzantine Coinage East and West, A.D. 1100" at the Alexander S. Onassis Center for Hellenic Studies of N.Y.U., 58 West 10th Street (between 5th and 6th Avenues).
		Raffaella Cribiore (Columbia University): Greek and Coptic Education in Byzantine Egypt Hagith Sivan (University of Kansas): Worldly Time and Temporal Eternity in Holy Land Pilgrimage in the Early Byzantine Period Kathryn M. Ringrose (University of California, San Diego): Eunuchs as Cultural Mediators in Byzantium Liliana Simeonova (Albany.
	www.uni-heidelberg.de /subject/hd/fak7/hist/o1/logs/byzans-l/log.started950901/mail-79.html (789 words)

	ekathimerini.com \| Innovative game on Byzantium
		The action is set in Thessaloniki between the late 13th and early 14th centuries at a major Byzantine festival, the Demetria.
		In the game itself, dubbed “At the Byzantine Fair,” Niccolo Beltrame, an important merchant from Genoa, visits a banker to convert Byzantine currency, whose value is on the decline, into Genoese money.
		Explaining the board game’s educational value, Verykios said that its purpose is to educate youngsters on life during the Byzantine era while avoiding customary teaching practices.
	www.ekathimerini.com /4dcgi/_w_articles_civ_2942528_03/11/2003_35861 (353 words)

	Emperors
		Political Development : Byzantine and Persian Empires attacked by the Arabs spurred on by the new Muslim faith.
		By defeating Byzantine garrisons in the Nile Valley, Persia marched across the Libyan desert.
		Failure to change the old universal Byzantine Empire into a national state in the Peloponnese.
	www.yasou.org /byzantium/byz3.htm (1394 words)

	Seventh Infallible Muhammad (AS) the fifth Imam: Islamic Occasions Network
		The Byzantine currency of the Eastern Roman Empire was valid tender in Damascus as well.
		But during the reign of Walid Ibn Abdul Malik, there rose a rift between him and the Byzantine ruler when the later decided to stamp a new currency with the phrase which was considered derogatory to the Holy Prophet.
		Imam Baqir (AS) expressed his opinion that the Government ought to strike its own currency on one side of which it should stamp the statement "La Ilaha Illallah" and on the other side "Muhammad Rasul Allah".
	www.ezsoftech.com /islamic/infallible7a.asp (2467 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Ancient Coin Collecting V: The Romanion/Byzantine Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Wayne Sayles has created a masterpiece with his "Ancient Coin Collecting V - The Romaion/Byzantine Culture." This book is a great resource, it introduces all of the main themes in Byzantine coinage and directs the reader where to look to find out more.
		This book goes at length to describe the denomination of Byzantine coins, the meanings of the markings, and has an article for each emperors and claimants to the throne, from 491-1453.
		This book is also offers are remarkably lucid description of the narrative of Byzantine history.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0873416376?v=glance (815 words)

	Trivia #65, answers - www.ezboard.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In the Byzantine Empire a coin was made that was the symbol of a stable currency for close to a thousand years, and used widely in the Mediterranean world.
		Isn't that what the Byzantine currency (trusted everywhere for it's gold content) was called by most people at the time?
		Honestly I don't know, just know that the Solidus is classified as a Roman coin opposed to the Bezant which is classified as a Byzantine one.
	p090.ezboard.com /fjpspanzersfrm41.showMessage?topicID=179.topic (748 words)

	Byzantine_Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The term was invented in 1557, about a century after the fall of Constantinople by German historian Hieronymus Wolf, who introduced a system of Byzantine historiography in his work Corpus Historiae Byzantinae in order to distinguish ancient Roman from medieval Greek history without drawing attention to their ancient presecessors.
		Edward Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, chapter 53.
		cs:Byzantská říše da:Østromerske Kejserdømme de:Byzantinisches Reich el:Βυζαντινή Αυτοκρατορία es:Imperio Bizantino eo:Bizanca imperio fr:Empire byzantin gl:Imperio bizantino ko:비잔티움 제국 hr:Bizant id:Kekaisaran Romawi Timur it:Impero Romano d'Oriente he:האימפריה הביזנטית la:Imperium Romanum Orientale lt:Bizantija hu:Bizánci Birodalom nl:Byzantijnse Keizerrijk ja:東ローマ帝国 pl:Cesarstwo bizantyjskie pt:Império Bizantino ro:Imperiul Bizantin ru:Византия sk:Byzantská ríša sl:Bizantinsko cesarstvo sr:Византија fi:Bysantin valtakunta sv:Bysantinska riket uk:Візантійська імперія zh:拜占庭帝国
	www.usedaudiparts.com /search.php?title=Byzantine_Empire (3737 words)

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