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	Orthodox Byzantine Music
		Byzantine chant manuscripts date from the ninth century, while lectionaries of biblical readings in Ekphonetic Notation (a primitive graphic system designed to indicate the manner of reciting lessons from Scripture) begin about a century earlier and continue in use until the twelfth or thirteenth century.
		The first, which retained currency in Greek theological and mystical speculation until the dissolution of the empire, was the belief in the angelic transmission of sacred chant: the assumption that the early Church united men in the prayer of the angelic choirs.
		The effect that this concept had on church music was threefold: first, it bred a highly conservative attitude to musical composition; secondly, it stabilized the melodic tradition of certain hymns; and thirdly, it continued, for a time, the anonymity of the composer.
	www.goarch.org /en/ourfaith/articles/article7069.asp (0 words)

	Byzantine Notation - OrthodoxWiki (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Generally, Byzantine notation is used in churches whose musical tradition is Byzantine chant, those near (or by people who are from churches near) Constantinople, generally the Greek Orthodox, the Church of Constantinople, the Church of Alexandria, the Antiochian Orthodox, and the Romanian Orthodox Church.
		Byzantine notation, on the other hand, is relational; the note is dependent on the previous note and the symbol itself, which specifies the interval from the previous note.
		Byzantine music has eight tones (or modes), sometimes associated with particular "moods" (though the notion that the music is designed to be emotional would certainly be distasteful to the saints who developed it).
	orthodoxwiki.org /Byzantine_Notation (511 words)

	Byzantine music - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Byzantine music is the music of the Byzantine Empire and by extension the music of its culture(s) as they continued in the Orthodox Christian parts of the population after the fall of the empire to the rule of the Ottoman Empire.
		Hypotheses that Turkish (Ottoman) music was influenced by Byzantine music, or the other way around, remain on the level of more or less consciously nationalistic or romantically motivated personal views, and are far too simplistic as to be of any value considering the breadth and complexity of cultures historically involved in these geographic regions.
		Byzantine chant manuscripts date from the 9th century, while lectionaries of biblical readings in Ekphonetic Notation (a primitive graphic system designed to indicate the manner of reciting lessons from Scripture) begin about a century earlier and continue in use until the 12th or 13th century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Byzantine_music (2118 words)

	Christian music - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Christian music is music created by or adapted for the Christian church.
		This draws most of its influence from secular music of the late 20th century and is the most popular kind of Christian music in the Western world.
		Although there are many Christian music acts in the mainstream music industry, the term CCM usually refers specifically to artists within the Christian music industry that are played on Christian radio.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Christian_music (1417 words)

	The Greek Byzantine Choir - Byzantine Music (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Byzantine Music is a musical world of its own, with its own principles, its own quite characteristic "ethos", with an underlying philosophical viewpoint and its own theoretical lines of research as far as musical structure and development are concerned.
		Byzantine Music is a music for the Church, and is liturgically associated with religious services; it is composed for the Church and is performed in the Church.
		A very important period in the history of Byzantine Music is that which extends from the middle of the 5th century to the 11th century, a period during which most of the poetic texts of the hymns were completed and set to music by their authors, who were also composers.
	www.cs.duke.edu /~mgl/gbc/byzmus.html (1243 words)

	Byzantine music. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The eight Byzantine echoi (singular echos) correspond roughly to the eight modes of plainsong, but they were groups of melodies made of certain definite formulas.
		The Byzantine music that survives is all sacred, with the exception of some acclamations for the emperor.
		Byzantine chant was monodic, in free rhythm, and often attempted to depict melodically the meaning of the words.
	www.bartleby.com /65/by/Byzantin-mus.html (557 words)

	Liturgica.com \| Liturgics \| Eastern Orthodox Liturgics \| Chant Development \| Byzantine Music History
		However, the advent of the kanon, often thought of as a notable decline in Byzantine musical and poetical quality, presents us with a shift in the focus of the period's hymnographers to an increasingly harmonious blending of metrical poetry and musical conformity, the apex of which is found in the works of John of Damascus.
		Although the troubles that Byzantine music is facing in the face of a new generation of foreign speaking people is a serious and dangerous threat to its survival, it is not a threat that has had no equal.
		Byzantine music is known to have flourished in the face of threatening dangers.
	www.liturgica.com /html/litEOLitMusDev1.jsp?hostname=null (4313 words)

	Church (Byzantine) Music
		Byzantine chant manuscripts date from the ninth century, while lectionaries of biblical readings in Ekphonetic Notation (a primitive graphic system designed to indicate the manner of reciting lessons from Scripture) begin about a century earlier and continue in use until the twelfth or thirteenth century.
		The effect that this concept had on church music was threefold: first, it bred a highly conservative attitude to musical composition; secondly, it stabilized the melodic tradition of certain hymns; and thirdly, it continued, for a time, the anonymity of the composer.
		The earliest musical versions, however, are "melismatic" (that is, many notes per syllable of text), and belong to the time of the ninth century and later when kontakia were reduced to the ptooimion (introductory verse) and first oikos (stanza).
	www.st-luke.org /music.htm (1616 words)

	Early Christian and Byzantine Music - Monachos.net
		To begin with, musical notation was simply a device, a graphic tool, invented to preserve a melody that was relatively new, relatively complex, and relatively difficult to sing from memory.
		Musical art has become separated from the teaching of the Church — separated from the liturgy itself - because the understanding of what it means for the world to become transfigured has been lost.
		Sacred music and painting of the 6th century differed markedly from that of the 8th century — and those of the 10th, 12th and 14th century were each different one from the other.
	www.monachos.net /library/Early_Christian_and_Byzantine_Music (4104 words)

	Byzantine music - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		BYZANTINE MUSIC [Byzantine music] the music of the Byzantine Empire composed to Greek texts as ceremonial, festival, or church music.
		The eight Byzantine echoi (singular echos) correspond roughly to the eight modes of plainsong, but they were groups of melodies made of certain definite formulas.
		Byzantine chant was monodic, in free rhythm, and often attempted to depict melodically the meaning of the words.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/b/byzantin-mus.asp (783 words)

	Classical music - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Classical music is generally thought of as sophisticated and refined; it may stem from a regional tradition, but aspires to universal form of communication.
		Classical music is sometimes defined as music produced in, or rooted in the traditions of art, ecclesiastical, and concert music.
		In the English language, the term "classical music" is a homophoric reference to European classical music, such as Beethoven's symphonies, and its derivative styles, and rarely used to refer to traditional musical styles of other regions.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/c/l/a/Classical_music.html (243 words)

	Byzantine Chant \| Orthodox Radio \| Byzantine Ecclesiastical Music \| Byzantine Music
		Chanted in Byzantine style by the choir of Saint George Cathedral in Mexico.
		Written in a lucid and concise style, this book is designed both to explain in a comprehensive manner the nature of Byzantine chant and also to help those who aspire to learn to chant in the Byzantine style.
		A concise treatment of the essential characteristics, aims, and execution of the traditional, official music of the Greek Orthodox Church.
	www.kelfar.net /orthodoxiaradio (0 words)

	Byzantine Music
		Byzantine music is the body of music that is associated with the Byzantine Empire, from its foundation by Constantine I in AD 324 to the fall of Constantinople to the Turks in 1453.
		Superficially, Byzantine music appears to have descended from GREEK MUSIC; but it is more similar to the music of Western Christianity than to that of ancient times.
		The troparion, a monostrophic prayer, was known from the 4th century; the kontakion, a form having numerous stanzas, dates from the 6th century; and the kanon, which replaced the kontakion at the end of the 7th century, increased in length and had great mystical symbolism through its connection with the biblical canticles.
	www.indiamusicinfo.com /new/music/byzantine.html (477 words)

	Untitled
		It was at the XIIIth International Congress of Byzantine Studies in 1967 at Oxford that Oliver Strunk addressed the congress on the recent research of Byzantine music.
		She has published on the use of nonsense syllables in Ancient Greek and Byzantine music; medieval Balkan music and Koukouzeles; the role of Greek women in music from Antiquity to the end of the Byzantine Empire, and the musical treatise of Ioannes Plousiadenos.
		Colloqiums on Byzantine music were held in Finland in 1989 and in 1991.
	www.geocities.com /hellenicmind/music21.html (3664 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Byzantine music (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Byzantine Music at Amazon Vast selection of new and used music.
		Byzantine music BYZANTINE MUSIC [Byzantine music] the music of the Byzantine Empire composed to Greek texts as ceremonial, festival, or church music.
		Usually it refers to the liturgical melodies of the Byzantine, Russian Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and Anglican churches and is analogous to cantillation in Jewish liturgical music, Qur'anic chanting in Islam, and single-line
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/02096.html (766 words)

	Orthodox church Music, Russian Orthodox church Music, Greek Orthodox church music, Byzantine chant, Church Slavonic ...
		Music of the Russian Orthodox tradition, as it is sung in St.
		Russian Orthodox Music - from the Russian Orthodox Church of Three Saints, Garfield, NJ Liturgica.com - Liturgics - Eastern Orthodox Liturgics - Litugical worship in the Eastern Church - Byzantine music history, Orthodox chant and music.
		PSALM - Pan-Orthodox Society for the Advancement of Liturgical Music - an organization dedicated to the advancement, excellence, and growth of all traditions of Orthodox liturgical music and chant, with a special missionary emphasis on fostering these traditions wherever English is used as a liturgical language.
	stjrussianorthodox.com /music.htm (1291 words)

	Byzantine Music Activity 2005
		Hieromonk Seraphim Dedes, Music In Byzantine Notation in English: Dormition of the Theotokos, Hymns for Vespers and Matins.
		A Lenten Concert of Byzantine Music: chanted by the Greek Orthodox Byzantine Choir of the Greater Delaware Valley.
		The American Society of Byzantine Music and Hymnology: An international organization devoted to the scholarly, scientific, and academic study of the development of early Christian music, literature, and hymnology and its evolution throughout the Byzantine and post-Byzantine periods.
	www.sfgocm.org /music/Articles/ByzantineMusicActivity.html (3078 words)

	A Short History of Greek Music
		As a result, Byzantine music was deprived of polyphony and instrumental accompaniment, elements of which in the West encouraged an unimpeded development of art.
		Further evidence of the relationship between folk song and ancient Greek poetry and music is the derivations of the folk words traghoudl (song) and traghoutho (to sing) from ancient traghodia (tragedy) and traghodho (to act).
		The union of words, music and dance is encountered in daily life when a mother sings tachtarismata (melodies) of simple words while bouncing her child on her knees in time to the music.
	www.helleniccomserve.com /musichistory.html (2885 words)

	About Byzantine Music
		The legacy of the Byzantine empire is vast and encompasses all aspects of human life, much of which preserved the Hellenic and Roman influences and carried them into Western thought, culture and civilisation.
		Transmitting the features of ancient Hellenic music along with the practices of early Christianity, Byzantine music soon served as one of the pivotal foundations of Western music.
		In parallel with the music, the poetry of the Byzantines, again mainly preserved in ecclesiastical texts, underwent pivotal evolution and transformation, able to convey the thinking, philosophy and culture of a millenial-old empire.
	www.ucis.pitt.edu /asbmh/aboutbm.html (159 words)

	BYZANTINE MUSIC
		It is undeniably of composite origin, drawing on the artistic and technical productions of the classical age, on Jewish music, and inspired by the monophonic vocal music that evolved in the early Christian cities of Alexandria, Antioch and Epheus.
		Some of these employ the metrical schemes of classical Greek poetry; but the change of pronunciation had rendered those meters largely meaningless, and, except when classical forms were imitated, Byzantine hymns of the following centuries are prose-poetry ‹ unrhymed verses of irregular length and accentual patterns.
		What exact changes took place in the music during the formative stage is difficult to say; but certain chants in use even today exhibit characteristics which
	www.oud.gr /music_byzantine.htm (1612 words)

	World Music Central - A Golden Opportunity: Greek Byzantine Choir
		And yet, a visit from the Greek Byzantine Choir was not an everyday experience so I was surprised that there were few attendees outside of the church's congregation at the concert.
		I would rather see this music presented in a church rather than a concert hall because the church acoustics and atmosphere does enhance the experience of listening to sacred medieval music.
		Music of the Byzantine Liturgy (Le Chant du Monde, 1994)
	www.worldmusiccentral.org /article.php/20051202215015795 (1191 words)

	Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology :: Byzantine Music Grant (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Byzantine music is a living art that is still studied and practiced by many of the Greek, Russian, and other Eastern Orthodox churches today.
		Without the appropriate theological training and education of the educational content of Byzantine liturgical tradition, students preparing for ordination in the Greek Orthodox Church are unable to properly teach their parishioners the scriptural, historical, theological and ethical components of the Orthodox Church.
		His Eminence Metropolitan Methodios, a Byzantine Music Scholar and presiding hierarch of the Greek Orthodox Diocese of Boston will be invited to chant the hymns of the 12 major Feast Days of the Orthodox liturgical year.
	www.holycross.hchc.edu /pages/grants/lilybyzmusic/proposalpart1.asp (2119 words)

	Orthodox Music
		Theophan the Recluse, the great 19th century Russian monastic and bishop said of Church music: "The purpose of Church songs is precisely to make the spark of grace that is hidden with us burn brighter and with greater warmth.
		It is through church music that it becomes more active and burns with "greater warmth", not secular music, which by its very definition and its themes, seeks to stir up worldly feelings and emotions rather than the spark of grace!
		Some worldly music is appropriate for us and some isn’t, just as some "church" music is appropriate for us as Orthodox Christians and some is not.
	www.stgeorgegreenville.org /Services/OrthodoxMusic.html (418 words)

	Royalty.nu - Eastern Roman Empire - The Byzantine Empire - Emperors of Byzantium (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Notable Byzantine empresses include Justinian's wife Theodora, who fully shared her husband's power, and Irene, who ruled during the time of Charlemagne and became a saint of the Greek Orthodox Church.
		Argues that the Crusades began in the seventh century with the conquest by the Persians of the Byzantine Empire.
		Examines in detail the use of the Byzantine army as an instrument of policy, and as an institution in itself.
	www.royalty.nu /history/empires/Byzantine (2147 words)

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