Byzantine-Empire - Factbites

Byzantine-Empire - Factbites
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Topic: Byzantine-Empire

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	Byzantine Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		One possible explanation for the collapse of the Byzantine Empire is the failure to prevent the Seljuk Turks from establishing themselves in Asia Minor during the eleventh and twelfth centuries.
		Byzantine Empire (Greek: ΒασιλείαΡωμαίων) is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople.
		The Eastern Roman Empire was largely spared the difficulties of the west in the 3rd and 4th centuries (see Crisis of the Third Century) in part because urban culture was better established there and the initial invasions were attracted to the wealth of Rome.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Byzantine_Empire (12097 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Byzantine Empire
		The decline of the Byzantine Empire is strikingly exhibited in the depreciation of currency during the reigns of the Comneni.
		Again and again was the Byzantine Empire de facto reduced to the limits of the capital city, which Anastasius had transformed into an unrivaled fortress; and often, too, was the victory over its foes gained by troops before whose ferocity its own citizens trembled.
		Byzantine civilization produced a succession of typical women of middle class who are a proof, first, of the high esteem in which women were held in social life and, secondly, of the sacredness of family life, which even now distinguishes the Greek people.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03096a.htm (16935 words)

	Byzantine Empire - MSN Encarta
		Byzantine Empire, eastern part of the Roman Empire, which survived after the breakup of the Western Empire in the 5th century ad.
		Meanwhile, the Byzantines lost their last foothold in Italy and were alienated from the Christian West by a schism (1054) between the Orthodox church and the papacy.
		The empire had survived Germanic and Hunnic tribal migrations and raids in the 5th and 6th centuries and had stabilized a reasonably secure eastern frontier against the Sassanian Empire of Persia, but it could not recover, hold, and govern the entire Mediterranean world.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761561530 (1115 words)

	Byzantine Empire. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The reconstructed empire was soon attacked from all sides, notably by Charles I of Naples, by Venice, by the Ottoman Turks, by the new kingdoms of Serbia and Bulgaria, and by Catalonian adventurers under Roger de Flor.
		The collapse of the empire opened the way for the vast expansion of the Ottoman Empire to Vienna itself and also enabled Ivan III of Russia, son-in-law of Constantine XI, to claim a theoretical succession to the imperial title.
		The remainder of the empire broke into independent states, notably the empires of Nicaea and of Trebizond and the despotate of Epirus.
	www.bartleby.com /65/by/ByzantinEmp.html (1302 words)

	Byzantine Empire - All About Turkey
		For 1100 years, the Byzantine's were able to maintain control of their empire, although somewhat tenuously at times; the Empire's expansion and prosperity were balanced by internal religious schisms (such as Nika Riot) and recurring wars with enemies from the outside.
		The Byzantine Empire, however, had left its mark on the culture, never to be entirely erased even after the Conquest.
		The Byzantine Empire is also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, for it was in fact a continuation of the Roman Empire into its eastern part.
	www.allaboutturkey.com /bizans.htm (423 words)

	Byzantium
		The Byzantine Empire made great contributions to civilization: Greek language and learning were preserved for posterity; the Roman imperial system was continued and Roman law codified; the Greek Orthodox church converted some Slavic peoples and fostered the development of a splendid new art dedicated to the glorification of the Christian religion.
		In contrast to the Christians, both Roman and Byzantine, who were intolerant of religious differences, the Turks allowed monotheists, or any of the believers in a "religion of the book" (the Bible, Torah, or Koran), to retain their faith and be ruled by a religious superior through the millet system, a network of religious ghettoes.
		The emperor was concerned that icons played too prominent a role in Byzantine life and that their common use as godparents, witnesses at weddings, and objects of adoration violated the Old Testament prohibition of the worship of graven images.
	www.yasou.org /byzantium/byz.htm (10267 words)

	The Byzantines
		In the latter decades of the fifth century, the Byzantine Emperor declared himself to be a Monophysite—this estranged the Byzantines from the Roman Pope.
		The greatest of Byzantine writers, in fact, was the historian Anna Comnena, the daughter of the emperor Alexius.
		The eastern empire had always been distinguished from the western empire by the proliferation of religions and metaphysical speculation as a characteristic of religions.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/MA/BYZ.HTM (2634 words)

	Lawler - Encyclopedia of the Byzantine Empire
		Combined with the fact that the capital, Constantinople, sat at a strategic military and commercial location, in many ways, the Byzantine Empire was truly the center of the world, influencing regions beyond its borders, even after it had passed its peak.
		It is strange however, that one of the most important military treatises of the Byzantine Empire, the Strategikon, is neither afforded an entry nor mentioned in that of its supposed author, Emperor Maurice I (639-602).
		Lawler does an exceedingly good job on delineating the various Christian sects and heresies, defining them and also their role in the Byzantine Empire.
	www.deremilitari.org /REVIEWS/Lawler_ByzEncyl.htm (1191 words)

	Gallery: Byzantine Images
		Illustrated is the interior of a reconstruction of a typical Byzantine house in Jerusalem.
		The plan of the typical Byzantine house in 6th century Jerusalem (the period depicted in the Medeba map), suited the life-style of that city.
		The sun clock was not a Byzantine invention, and clocks like the one illustrated (or similar to it) have been found from earlier periods (ancient Roman).
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/byzantium/images.html (2141 words)

	Byzantium: The Byzantine Studies Page
		Following massive Turkish attacks in the late eleventh century, the Empire was able to maintain a lesser but still significant political and military power under the Komnenian Dynasty: the cost was a social transformation which exalted a powerful military aristocracy, and gradually enserfed the previously free peasantry.
		The counterpart to the dismissal of Byzantine culture was its exaltation by 19th-century Romanticism, and by a substrate of Christian, especially Anglican, intellectuals.
		As a result Byzantine culture was subjected to centuries of abuse as a time of barbarism and superstition.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/byzantium (1791 words)

	Byzantine Empire Research Sources on the Web
		Byzantine art is generally taken to include the arts of the Byzantine Empire from the foundation of the new capital of Constantinople in AD 330 in ancient BYZANTIUM to the capture of the city...
		Museum of Byzantine Culture The Museum of Byzantine Culture was established in Thessaloniki in order to serve as a centre for the preservation, research and study of the evidence of Byzantine civilization surviving in the Macedonian region and...
		Pieria: Archaeology - Monuments Archaeology - Monuments Dion Pydna The Castle of Platamonas Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Monuments in Pieria Dion The ancient Dion, the sacred...
	members.aol.com /frsteven/academic/data.html (6365 words)

	Category:Byzantine Empire - Wikimedia Commons
		EN:The Byzantine Empire or Eastern Roman Empire was the eastern section of the Roman Empire, with its capital at Constantinople (modern Istanbul), which remained in existence after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century.
		The Byzantine period is usually considered to extend from 395 to 1453.
		This page was last modified 09:08, 8 May 2006.
	commons.wikimedia.org /wiki/Byzantine_Empire (67 words)

	THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE
		The Byzantine Empire was established with the foundation of Constantinople, but the final separation of the eastern and western empires was not complete until the late fifth century.
		With its political structure anchored in Greek tradition and a new religion stimulated by Greek philosophy, the Byzantine Empire survived a millennium of triumphs and declines until Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453.
	www.gogreece.com /learn/history/Byzantine_empire.html (74 words)

	Byzantium (ca. 330-1453) Special Topics Page Timeline of Art History The Metropolitan Museum of Art
		The first golden age of the empire, the Early Byzantine period, extended from the founding of the new capital into the 700s.
		The resolution of the Iconoclastic controversy in favor of the use of icons ushered in a second flowering of the empire, the Middle Byzantine period (843–1261).
		The artistic traditions of the wealthy state extended throughout the empire, including the southernmost province of Egypt.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/hd/byza/hd_byza.htm (376 words)

	ipedia.com: List of Byzantine Emperors Article
		Note: It is difficult to determine when exactly the Roman Empire ends and the Byzantine Empire begins; Diocletian split the Roman Empire into eastern and western halves for administrative purposes in 284.
		Of course, the Byzantines themselves continued to think of their empire as "Roman" for over a millennium.
		In 1453 Mehmed II overthrew the Byzantine Empire and claimed the title of Caesar ; his successors continued this claim.
	www.ipedia.com /list_of_byzantine_emperors.html (376 words)

	Zoe (empress) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		She was daughter of Constantine VIII of the Byzantine Empire, who had become co-emperor in 976, and sole emperor in 1025.
		Zoe was one of the few Byzantine empresses born into the purple (that is, as the legitimate child of a reigning emperor).
		With typical Byzantine ingenuity, she had many rooms in her chambers converted into laboratories for the preparation of arcane ointments.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zoe_of_the_Byzantine_Empire (414 words)

	Zeno (emperor) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Zeno is described as a lax and indolent ruler, but he seems to have husbanded the resources of the empire so as to leave it appreciably stronger at his death.
		Zeno was compelled to shut himself up in a fortress and spent the next 20 months raising an army, largely made up of fellow Isaurians, and marched on Constantinople in August 476.
		Zeno got rid of the problem in 487 by inducing him to invade Italy to fight Odoacer and establish his new kingdom there, all but eliminating the German presence in the east.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zeno_of_the_Byzantine_Empire (414 words)

	Byzantine Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centred at its capital in Constantinople.
		The Byzantine Empire was the empire that brought widespread adoption of Christianity to Europe - arguably one of the central aspects of a modern Europe’s identity.
		The Eastern Empire was largely spared the difficulties of the west in the 3rd and 4th centuries (see Crisis of the Third Century), in part because urban culture was better established there and the initial invasions were attracted to the wealth of Rome.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Byzantine_Empire (414 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Byzantine Empire
		Again and again was the Byzantine Empire de facto reduced to the limits of the capital city, which Anastasius had transformed into an unrivaled fortress; and often, too, was the victory over its foes gained by troops before whose ferocity its own citizens trembled.
		Taking root on Eastern soil, flanked on all sides by the most widely dissimilar peoples — Orientals, Finnic-Ugrians and Slavs — some of them dangerous neighbours just beyond the border, others settled on Byzantine territory, the empire was loosely connected on the west with the other half of the old Roman Empire.
		Leo III, the Syrian (717-41), who saved Byzantium from the Arabian peril, repulsed the last serious attack of the Arabs on the capital (September, 717, to August, 718), by his reforms made the empire superior to its foes, and brought the views of these sectaries into the policy of the Byzantine empire.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03096a.htm (414 words)

	The Glass Ceiling Biographies - Irene of Athens
		Irene came to rule the Byzantine Empire at a time when it was deeply divided over the use of icons (sacred paintings or sculptures) in the church.
		Over time, instead of worshiping what the icons represented, more and more people in the Empire began to venerate (regard as holy) the icons themselves.
		After she became regent, she removed iconoclastic generals and other officials in the Byzantine government.
	www.theglassceiling.com /biographies/bio18.htm (414 words)

	Byzantine Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centred at its capital in Constantinople.
		The Byzantine Empire was the empire that brought widespread adoption of Christianity to Europe - arguably one of the central aspects of a modern Europe’s identity.
		The Eastern Empire was largely spared the difficulties of the west in the 3rd and 4th centuries (see Crisis of the Third Century), in part because urban culture was better established there and the initial invasions were attracted to the wealth of Rome.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Byzantine_Empire (6026 words)

	Byzantine Empire
		The Byzantine Empire or Eastern Roman Empire was the eastern section of the Roman Empire, with its capital at Constantinople (modern Istanbul), which remained in existence after the fall of Rome in the 5th century.
		Although the empire was not yet "Byzantine" under Constantine, Christianity would become one of the defining characteristics of the Byzantine Empire, as opposed to the pagan Roman Empire.
		The Eastern Empire was largely spared the difficulties of the west in the 3rd and 4th centuries (see Crisis of the Third Century), in part because urban culture was better established there and the initial invasions were attracted to the wealth of Rome.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/byzantine_empire (6026 words)

	List of Byzantine emperors - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1453 Mehmed II overthrew the Byzantine Empire and claimed the title of Caesar; his successors continued this claim.
		This is a list of the Emperors of the late Roman Empire, called Byzantine.
		Laskarid dynasty (in exile in the Empire of Nicaea)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Byzantine_Emperors (2308 words)

	1042 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Zoe, Empress of the Byzantine Empire with co-rulers since 1028, becomes reigning Empress with her sister Theodora.
		April 18/April 19 - Emperor Michael V of the Byzantine Empire attempts to remain sole Emperor by sending his adoptive mother and co-ruler Zoe of Byzantium to a monastery.
		Harald III of Norway, at this time leader of the Varangian Guard in the Byzantine Empire, returns to Norway, possibly because of his involvement in Maniaces' revolt.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/1042 (257 words)

	Byzantine Empire. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The reconstructed empire was soon attacked from all sides, notably by Charles I of Naples, by Venice, by the Ottoman Turks, by the new kingdoms of Serbia and Bulgaria, and by Catalonian adventurers under Roger de Flor.
		The collapse of the empire opened the way for the vast expansion of the Ottoman Empire to Vienna itself and also enabled Ivan III of Russia, son-in-law of Constantine XI, to claim a theoretical succession to the imperial title.
		The core of the empire consisted of the Balkan Peninsula (i.e., Thrace, Macedonia, Epirus, Greece proper, the Greek isles, and Illyria) and of Asia Minor (present-day Turkey).
	www.bartleby.com /65/by/ByzantinEmp.html (1302 words)

	byzantine empire
		The Byzantine Empire or Eastern Roman Empire was the eastern section of the Roman Empire which remained in existence after the fall of the western section.
		The Eastern Empire was largely spared the difficulties of the west in the 3rd and 4th centuries, in part because urban culture was better established there and the initial invasions were attracted to the wealth of Rome.
		Surrounding lands and empires (such as the Persians and Arabs to the east, Europeans to the west, and Russians to the north) called them Roman as well, and it was considered a great insult to refer to the empire as "Greek.", because "Greek" meant "Pagan".
	www.fact-library.com /byzantine_empire.html (2038 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Byzantine Empire
		The decline of the Byzantine Empire is strikingly exhibited in the depreciation of currency during the reigns of the Comneni.
		Again and again was the Byzantine Empire de facto reduced to the limits of the capital city, which Anastasius had transformed into an unrivaled fortress; and often, too, was the victory over its foes gained by troops before whose ferocity its own citizens trembled.
		Byzantine civilization produced a succession of typical women of middle class who are a proof, first, of the high esteem in which women were held in social life and, secondly, of the sacredness of family life, which even now distinguishes the Greek people.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03096a.htm (16935 words)

	Byzantine Empire
		The Byzantine Empire was a continuation of the Roman Empire, which was split towards the end of the 4th century; the eastern part became the Byzantine Empire.
		The name Byzantine Empire is an academic term, used to differ this empire from the former Roman.
		The empire saw a period of cultural, territorial and economic advances in the 10th and 11th centuries.
	i-cias.com /e.o/byz_empire.htm (16935 words)

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