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	CALEA -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		CALEA is the (A word formed from the initial letters of a multi-word name) acronym for the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (Pub.
		CALEA was passed on October 25, 1994 and came into force on January 1, 1995.
		Meeting CALEA standards is an intensive process and is used by police administrators and civilian oversight officials to ensure that the agency is being run in accordance with a national standard for excellence.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ca/calea4.htm (322 words)

	CALEA: A Precedent for Domestic Encryption Controls?
		CALEA ordered telecommunications carriers to ensure that their systems can continue to accommodate law enforcement wiretaps notwithstanding the introduction of new technologies and services.
		CALEA requires telephone common carriers to design their systems to preserve what has always been in the carriers' control: the isolation and routing of calls so that they can be intercepted by law enforcement.
		CALEA gave industry the authority to set standards for implementing the requirements, while the government-mandated key recovery proposals give effective regulatory authority to the Attorney General.
	www.cdt.org /digi_tele/cryptovscalea.html (738 words)

	FCC - Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act
		CALEA compliance is a legal obligation imposed on all carriers covered by the statute.
		CALEA also requires telecommunications carriers to file with the Commission information regarding the policies and procedures used for employee supervision and control, and to maintain secure and accurate records of each communications interception or access to call-identifying information.
		CALEA Section 103 Compliance and Section 107(c) Petitions provides instructions for carriers needing an extension of the deadline for complying with CALEA.
	www.fcc.gov /calea (1456 words)

	AskCALEA - Frequently Asked Questions
		The purpose of CALEA is to preserve the ability of law enforcement to conduct electronic surveillance in the face of rapid advances in telecommunications technology.
		Flexible deployment is the FBI's overall CALEA implementation approach, which includes supporting telecommunications carriers' deployment of CALEA-compliant solutions in accordance with their normal generic upgrade cycles - where such deployment will not delay implementation of CALEA solutions in areas of high priority to law enforcement.
		Although there are numerous news sources that provide journalistic information regarding CALEA, the Department of Justice and the Federal Communications Commission also provide CALEA related information on their websites.
	askcalea.com /faqs.html (1540 words)

	CALEA - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		CALEA is the acronym for the controversial Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (Pub.
		The act also stipulates that it must not be possible for a person to detect that his or her conversation is being monitored by the respective government agency.
		This resulted in the FCC issuing a notice of proposed rulemaking entitled "In the Matter of Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act and Broadband Access and Services" (FCC 04-187, 2004 WL 1774542) on August 9, 2004.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/CALEA (345 words)

	US Attorneys' Bulletin: Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA)
		CALEA requires that all telecommunications carriers' equipment, facilities, or services that provide a customer or subscriber with the ability to originate, terminate, or direct communications are capable of meeting specific assistance capability requirements.
		CALEA was subsequently amended by The Omnibus Consolidated Appropriations Act of 1997, which created the Telecommunications Carrier Compliance Fund (TCCF) and appropriated $60 million in initial CALEA funding.
		CALEA Implementation Section (CIS) was established in 1995 in response to the delegation of implementation responsibilities to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) by the Attorney General.
	www.usdoj.gov /criminal/cybercrime/usamay2001_4.htm (5021 words)

	FCC Proposed Rule on CALEA Wiretaps
		CALEA was enacted in 1994 to address such problems, and to ensure that law enforcement surveillance efforts would not be unintentionally thwarted by the development and deployment of new telecommunications technologies and services.
		CALEA directs carriers to ensure that their equipment, facilities, and services are capable of meeting certain requirements to assist law enforcement in carrying out lawfully authorized electronic surveillance.
		BellSouth maintains that the FBI is attempting to use CALEA as a vehicle to require carriers to build technology into their systems to give law enforcement new expanded surveillance capabilities, and that such expanded capabilities are in contrast to Congress's intent that CALEA should merely ensure that lawful surveillance capabilities not be diminished.
	www.virtualschool.edu /mon/BigBrother/CALEA.html (17388 words)

	Encyclopedia: CALEA
		The United States Department of Justice (DOJ) is a Cabinet department in the United States government designed to enforce the law and defend the interests of the United States according to the law and to ensure fair and impartial administration of justice for all Americans.
		Meeting CALEA standards is an intensive process and is supposedly used by police administrators and civilian oversight officials to ensure that the agency is being run in accordance with a national standard for excellence.
		Mass surveillance is the pervasive surveillance of an entire population, or a substantial fraction thereof.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/CALEA (589 words)

	HealthAccess - Reimbursement Services - Calea Canada
		Calea’s healthcare professionals work in partnership with healthcare teams to provide clients with the training, supplies, and ongoing emotional or technical support necessary to manage their TPN therapy at home.
		Calea focuses on the family as the unit of care, providing education and interventions as necessary to give the family the confidence to move competently through the dying process.
		Calea Ltd. is a subsidiary of Fresenius Kabi, Europe’s leader in the field of nutrition and infusion therapy and ambulatory healthcare.
	www.calea.ca /meta/meta_gateway_reimbursement_services.html (3825 words)

	Communications Engineering & Design - 5/2003 inDEPTH: Getting ready for CALEA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The reasons for CALEA are palpable: The bottomless appetite among people to talk to each other isn’t confined to the blameless.
		CALEA, they say, is the kind of thing that needs an action plan more than it needs constant attention–like fire drills.
		In most cases, the FBI provides CALEA software modules; when the law was introduced, $500 million was set aside to reimburse both carriers and switch manufacturers for CALEA-related expenses.
	www.cedmagazine.com /ced/2003/0503/id2.htm (1345 words)

	FR Doc 04-20705
		CALEA, which was enacted in 1994, requires telecommunications carriers to incorporate into their networks technical capabilities to enable law enforcement to conduct lawful electronic surveillance.
		CALEA's definition of ``information services'' is very similar to that of the Communications Act,'' see 47 U.S.C. For purposes of the Communications Act, the Commission has concluded that cable modem service is an information service and has tentatively concluded that wireline broadband Internet access service is also an information service.
		Subsection 107(a)(2) of CALEA states that ``[a] telecommunications carrier shall be found to be in compliance with the assistance capability requirements under Sec.
	edocket.access.gpo.gov /2004/04-20705.htm (9087 words)

	FBI targets Net phoning \| CNET News.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		"CALEA was written knowing that there would be new technologies for telecommunications." Baker, the former general counsel of the National Security Agency, said it was not clear whether the FBI had yet been frustrated by problems when wiretapping VOIP calls.
		Baker, the CALEA attorney at Steptoe and Johnson, said: "It would be very difficult to set up a network so that you could only intercept voice packets and not the others.
		By lobbying the FCC, the bureau is essentially seeking to expand the scope of CALEA, which says telecommunications services must ensure that their equipment and facilities are capable of "expeditiously isolating and enabling the government, pursuant to a court order or other lawful authorization," to intercept all communications from a specific customer.
	news.com.com /2100-1028_3-5056424.html (2593 words)

	EPIC Wiretap Pages
		CALEA requires telephone firms to make it easy to wiretap the nation's communication system.
		In a statement released on October 22, the Commission expressed its initial approval of the FBI proposal.
		FBI Director Freeh's testimony (3/30/95) on the CALEA and cryptography.
	www.epic.org /privacy/wiretap (2429 words)

	CALEA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		CALEA is the acronym for the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (Pub.
		This resulted in the FCC issuing a notice of proposed rulemaking antitled "In the Matter of Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act and Broadband Access and Services" (FCC 04-187, 2004 WL 1774542) on August 9, 2004.
		As of February 2005, this amendment to CALEA is still under consideration.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/C/CALEA.htm (388 words)

	Joho the Blog: [nb] Stewart Baker on CALEA
		CALEA was pretty good as written, he says.
		CALEA said they'd put it in rate-regulated industries.
		CALEA sets a performance standard for companies as opposed to a type of input-output regulation.
	www.hyperorg.com /blogger/mtarchive/003109.html (590 words)

	Shamanic Extracts - Calea zacatechichi
		Calea zacatechichi is a plant used by the Chiapas and Chontal Indians of Mexico to obtain divinatory messages during dreaming.
		The Chontal Indians, who believe in visions seen in dreams, take tea of Calea zacatechichi with crushed dried leaves (tastes disgusting) or smoke cigarettes from the leaves before going to sleep.
		Much research is currently being done with this herb and there is more information on the Internet at the Erowid Calea zacatechichi beginner's guide.
	shamanic-extracts.com /xcart/customer/product.php?productid=16183&... (142 words)

	CALEA -- a TelecomWeb Special Report sponsored by Verisign (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The controversial law calls for all U.S. telecom carriers to have become compliant with the Act by June 30 or, at a minimum, have received an extension of the deadline from the FCC by way of the Justice Department.
		It is becoming increasingly clear to insiders at the FCC that very few carriers, including some of the largest telecom service providers in the nation, were ready to comply with CALEA's stringent requirements when the June 30 deadline rolled around.
		Section 107 of CALEA, among other things, authorizes the FCC to extend the date for compliance with the assistance capability requirements of Section 103.
	www.telecomweb.com /reports/calea (709 words)

	The Jeff Pulver Blog: WARNING: The FCC Extends CALEA's reach to the Internet
		It seems that the CALEA rules might actually extend beyond "interconnected" VoIP services and arguably apply more broadly to services that traverse the Internet and are simply "capable" of touching the PSTN.
		One illogical point (which creeps into all of the recent efforts to regulate IP-based communications) is that the regulatory hook used to impose CALEA on the Internet is the fact that the IP application being intercepted is the "voice" application.
		And if CALEA requires that it not be obvious to the caller that it's being tapped, then ALL calls will have to go through a proxy.
	pulverblog.pulver.com /archives/003193.html (1255 words)

	Cybertelecom :: VoIP :: CALEA
		As replacements, the new services are covered by the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act, or CALEA, which requires the Commission to preserve the ability of law enforcement agencies to conduct court-ordered wiretaps in the face of technological change.
		The Commission found that the definition of “telecommunications carrier” in CALEA is broader than the definition of that term in the Communications Act and can encompass providers of services that are not classified as telecommunications services under the Communications Act.
		In its Petition, Law Enforcement states that, although the Commission has taken steps to implement CALEA which was enacted in 1994 there remain several outstanding issues that require immediate attention and resolution by the Commission, so that industry and LEAs have clear guidance as the CALEA implementation process moves forward.
	www.cybertelecom.org /voip/fcccalea.htm (1378 words)

	Big Brother's Last Mile
		But because the local phone company was subject both to FCC jurisdiction and to CALEA, dial-up access was implicitly covered as well: to accomplish its purposes of intercepting communications pursuant to a court order, the FBI only had to capture the communication at the POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) line, and the problem was solved.
		Essentially, the FCC concluded that CALEA can't force website operators to design their systems to reveal the IP addresses or identity of people who visit the site, but could force ISPs not only to reveal the identical information, but also to design the system to enable law enforcement to reveal the information.
		It is important to note that this expansion of CALEA was not needed to compel the ISPs to comply with a lawful subpoena.
	www.securityfocus.com /columnists/261 (1172 words)

	Press Release: MetaSwitch VP3500 Completes CALEA Review with FBI
		CALEA, the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act, requires that U.S. carriers provide Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs) with the continued ability to perform electronic surveillance with existing and new telecommunications switching equipment.
		Therefore it is vital that vendors and telecommunications carriers develop and deploy solutions that support electronic surveillance, in both traditional TDM and next generation packet-based networks.
		Technical requirements or standards for CALEA capabilities have been established for several categories of telecommunications by industry associations or standard-setting organizations, in consultation with representatives of the law enforcement community.
	www.metaswitch.com /news/calea.htm (402 words)

	TIA \| Policy & Advocacy: Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (CALEA) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Essentially, the FCC found that all entities previously classified as common carriers are subject to CALEA, while providers of "information services" are not (though it failed to define these services).
		Finally, TIA has urged the FBI to pursue efforts to ensure that adequate funding is available to meet the CALEA mandate and, to that end, continues to offer its support and assistance to the FBI, Department of Justice and Congress.
		In the alternative, if the Commission concludes that J-STD-025 is “deficient” in any respect, it should not adopt specific CALEA compliance standards, but should indicate the areas of deficiency and return to TIA the task of setting such standards.
	www.tiaonline.org /government/calea (956 words)

	AskCALEA - Law Enforcement CALEA Proceeding Filings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The U.S. Department of Justice and the Federal Bureau of Investigation have filed comments on behalf of all federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies in the FCC CALEA proceeding CC Docket No. 97-213.
		The U.S. Department of Justice filed a Statement of Non-Support with the FCC opposing the February 4, 2004 petition of ALLTEL Communications, Inc. ("ALLTEL") to extend the CALEA compliance deadline to January 30, 2006, for its packet-mode communications.
		The U.S. Department of Justice filed a Statement of Non-Support with the FCC opposing Verizon Wireless' amended petition for extension of the packet-mode communications deadline under CALEA section 107(c).
	askcalea.com /lefilings.html (429 words)

	St. Louis County PD - CALEA Certification Information
		The certificate was presented at the CALEA Commission conference held in Jacksonville, Florida which was attended by more than a thousand law enforcement practitioners from across the United States and Canada.
		Our goal was to make the St. Louis County Police Department the largest local police department in the State of Missouri to receive CALEA accreditation, and we achieved that goal in 1998.
		In all aspects of the Department's operations, the assessment team stated that from routine patrol to criminal investigations, to the training of thousands of officers, the Department is one of the most professional and efficient law enforcement agencies in the United States."
	www.co.st-louis.mo.us /police/calea.html (879 words)

	TIA \| CALEA Packet Surveillance Joint Experts Meeting (JEM) / TIA Report to the FCC
		Additionally, the Second Edition of the "CALEA Flexible Deployment Assistance Guide" has been released to further assist telecommunications carriers in meeting certain CALEA requirements (i.e., cost recovery and petitioning for compliance date extension), with regard to packet-mode communications.
		On August 30th, the TIA CALEA JEM Steering Committee finalized the JEM Final Report in a manner consistent with JEM agreements and forwarded it to TIA.
		CALEA is air interface independent and, in regard to voice communications, should apply to analog, TDMA, CDMA, and evolutions of these technologies.
	www.tiaonline.org /standards/CALEA_JEM (543 words)

	AskCALEA
		In October 1994, Congress took action to protect public safety and ensure national security by enacting the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (CALEA), Pub.
		The law further defines the existing statutory obligation of telecommunications carriers to assist law enforcement in executing electronic surveillance pursuant to court order or other lawful authorization.
		The objective of CALEA implementation is to preserve law enforcement's ability to conduct lawfully-authorized electronic surveillance while preserving public safety, the public's right to privacy, and the telecommunications industry's competitiveness.
	www.askcalea.com (84 words)

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