
	Where results make sense

Topic: CAM photosynthesis

	Crassulacean acid metabolism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		CAM is usually found in plants living under arid conditions, including those found in the desert (for example, cacti).
		CAM plants uptake CO at night and store it as malic acid that can be broken down during the day for sugars.
		CAM metabolism is present in many plant families.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/CAM_plants (274 words)

	Photosynthesis/Respiration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Photosynthesis is divided in to two separate reactions known as the light and dark reactions.
		Crassulacean acid metabolism or CAM photosynthesis is the dark reaction type found in many cactus, succulents, bromeliads, and orchids as well as a few other plants.
		Photosynthesis occurs at its highest rate in the temperature range of 65° to 85°F (18° to 27°C) and decreases when temperatures are above or below this range.
	www.chuckey-doak-hs.greene.k12.tn.us /photo/biology2a.html (1389 words)

	CAM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A cam is a projecting part of a rotating wheel or shaft that strikes a lever at one or more points on its circular path.
		The cam can be a simple tooth, as is used to deliver pulses of power to a steam hammer, for example, or an eccentric disc or other shape that produces a smooth oscillating motion in the lever.
		Another common example is the camshaft of a car or automobile, which takes the rotary motion of the engine and translates it into the linear motion necessary to operate the intake and exhaust valves of the cylinders.
	hallencyclopedia.com /CAM (460 words)

	Mojave National Preserve - Nature & Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Photosynthesis is the process by which plants produce food using energy from the sun.
		CAM stands for crassulacean acid metabolism, for the family (Crassulaceae) in which it was first discovered.
		CAM photosynthesis is a process by which plants assimilate carbon dioxide by an alternative photosynthetic pathway than the typical pathway.
	www.nps.gov /moja/pphtml/subplants10.html (402 words)

	Photosynthesis 1
		CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism) photosynthesis is found in cacti and succulents, including the crassula family (Crassulaceae).
		The adaptive advantage of CAM photosynthesis is that plants in arid regions can keep their stomata closed during the daytime, thereby reducing water loss from the leaves through transpiration; however, they can still carry on photosynthesis with a reserve supply of CO that was trapped during the hours of darkness when the stomata were open.
		During C-4 photosynthesis, CO combines with phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to form a 4-carbon organic acid (oxaloacetic acid) which migrates (diffuses) to the photosynthetic bundle sheath cells surrounding the vascular bundles (veins) of the leaf.
	waynesword.palomar.edu /photsyn1.htm (2383 words)

	LBS 145 ROCKS MY SOCKS!
		Finally, the Enzyme tests indicated the presence of PPO in the CAM plant, and the Protein Bradford Assay indicated average protein concentrations of 164.605µg/µL for the CAM, 142.353 µg/µL for the C-4, and 102.477 µg/µL for the C-3 plants.
		CAM plants kept in the dark, natural light and continuous light resulted in a red precipitate in Benedict’s and copper precipitate in Barfoed’s tests indicating the presence of reducing monosaccharides (Figuress 4-5).
		CAM plants have the capacity to store large amounts of fuel because it is exposed to the most severe conditions of the three types of photosynthesis.
	www.msu.edu /course/lbs/145/luckie/inquiriesS2004/absolutezero.html (2711 words)

	471/571 Week 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		On the Ecophysiology of the Clusiaceae in Trinidad : Expression of Cam in Clusia-Minor L During the Transition From Wet to Dry Season and Characterization of 3 Endemic Species.
		Cockburn, W. Stomatal Mechanism As the Basis of the Evolution of Cam and C-4 Photosynthesis.
		Photosynthesis and freezing avoidance in Ohia (Metrosideros polymorpha) at treeline in Hawaii.
	biology.unm.edu /Pockman/bio471/week3.html (814 words)

	Pre- and Post- Activities for the TOPS Photosynthesis Lab
		Photosynthesis is the process that plants use to convert CO2 into carbohydrates (sugar).
		In this type of photosynthesis, the CO is "fixed" by attaching the carbon to the 5-carbon sugar RuBP (ribulose bisphosphate) with the assistance of the enzyme RuBP carboxylase which will then be converted into sugar.
		The CAM pathway is used by plants that live in environments that have high light levels, high temperatures but low levels of moisture in the summer.
	departments.oxy.edu /tops/Photosynthesis/photopre-post.htm (769 words)

	Botany online: Photosynthesis
		The Dark Reactions of Photosynthesis, Assimilation of Carbon Dioxide And The Calvin Cycle
		A first experimental prove that the oxygen developed during the photosynthesis of green plants stems indeed from water was delivered by the British physiologist R. He detected that isolated chloroplasts give off oxygen in the presence of unnatural reducing agents like iron oxalate, ferricyanide or benzoquinone after exposure to light.
		The statement that the oxygen produced during photosynthesis stems only from the breakdown of water was confirmed by S. KAMEN and J. HYDE in 1941 after the isotope technique had found its way to biochemistry.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/e24/24.htm (1116 words)

	Introduction: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Our results indicated that the rate of photosynthesis in CAM plants only changed slightly in the dark (total rate of photosynthesis =0.214ppm CO /min/g), but the rate of photosynthesis in C3 and C4 plants had an obvious change (total rate of photosynthesis =23.076ppm CO /min/g.
		Our results are inconsistent with our hypothesis because the rate of photosynthesis in the CAM plant did not increase in the dark.
		Perhaps cooler temperatures signal photosynthesis in CAM plants, not the absence of light.
	spot.colorado.edu /~basey/nwaibel.html (525 words)

	Botany online: Photosynthesis - C3, C4 and CAM. Regulation of The Activity
		CAM is the abbreviation of Crassulacean acid metabolism.
		The prefixed carbon dioxide is stored in the vacuoles as malate (and isocitrate) and is used during the daytime for photosynthesis.
		CAM plants that store a lot of malate and due to the thus high osmotic value also a lot of water, are usually less frost resistant than C
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/e24/24b.htm (1272 words)

	Biol 1408 Chapter 8 Photosynthesis
		Photosynthesis can also be represented as the reverse of cellular respiration; water molecules are oxidized and CO is reduced.
		Photosynthesis involves two sets of reactions: the light-dependent reactions that require light be present, and the light-independent reactions that can take place in the dark.
		Cell organelle for aerobic respiration is the mitochondrion; the organelle for photosynthesis is the chloroplast.
	www.tc.cc.tx.us /~mstorey/1408/notes/lecture08.html (1288 words)

	The Plasmids.html
		photosynthesis: the CO necessary for photosynthesis is stored at night and released during the day for carbon fixation, i.e.
		When CAM was exposed to the catechol it did not turn an expected red/brownish color that shows the presence of PPO.
		CAM plants are in such harsh environments that these enzymes are not necessary for it to live and grow.
	www.msu.edu /course/lbs/145/snapshot.afs/luckie/inquiries2002/ThePlasmids.html (1401 words)

	CactusMuseum.com - Cactus survival characteristics
		CAM is named for the crassula family (Crassulaceae), a group of plants exhibiting the process.
		Without the sun, the energy source for photosynthesis, CAM plants can't make sugars at night, so, the CO2 is processed into malic acid for storage in the cell vacuoles.
		The Calvin cycle produces sugar for the plant according to the photosynthesis equation: 6H2O + 6CO2 + Sunlight --> C6H12O6 + 6O2, or six molecules of water + six molecules of carbon dioxide in the presence of sunlight yields one sugar molecule + six oxygen molecules.
	www.cactusmuseum.com /survival.asp (1104 words)

	Photosynthesis Lab pg1
		Photosynthesis is the process that plants use to convert CO into carbohydrates (sugar).
		Photosynthesis involves two general steps: light reactions (thylakoid membranes) and the Calvin cycle or dark reactions (which occur in the stroma).
		The diurnal switch in metabolismof CAM photosynthesis results in a diurnal fluctuation in malic acid content (and also in acidity).
	home.earthlink.net /~dayvdanls/photolab/photolab0.htm (497 words)

	Biology 2402 Lecture Notes - Photosynthesis Part 2. The Dark Reactions
		It is caused by a fundamental "inefficiency" of Rubisco.
		CAM plants assimilate CO at night when their stomata are open.
		Photosynthesis is slightly less efficient in C4 and CAM plants than C3 plants, since energy is required to "pump" CO This is manifest in a greater ATP requirement to fix 1 molecule of CO Return to:
	www.ualr.edu /~botany/darkrxns.html (1802 words)

	471/571 Week 4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Contribution of metabolites of photosynthesis to postillumination CO2 assimilation in response to lightflecks.
		Photosynthesis by aquatic plants: Effects of unstirred layers in relation to assimilation of CO2 and HCO3 and to carbon isotopic Discrimination.
		Photosynthesis in epiphytic and rooted Clusia rosea Jacq.
	biology.unm.edu /Pockman/bio471/week4.html (1134 words)

	CAM photosynthesis - TheBestLinks.com - CAM plants, Enzyme, Oxygen, Peroxisome, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		CAM photosynthesis - TheBestLinks.com - CAM plants, Enzyme, Oxygen, Peroxisome,...
		CAM plants, CAM photosynthesis, Enzyme, Oxygen, Peroxisome, Photosynthesis...
		CAM stands for Crassulacean Acid Metabolism, after the plant family it was first discovered in, the crassulaceae.
	www.thebestlinks.com /CAM_plants.html (307 words)

	Re: Do CAM plants exhibt a defense mechanism when exposed to a change?
		The CAM species most often used for CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism) experiments seems to be Devil's backbone (Kalanchoe daigremontiana) which forms little plantlets on the edges of its leaves.
		CAM is an adaptation to reduce transpiration under hot dry conditions.
		CAM is favored by hot days with high light, cool nights, and dry soil.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/2000-01/947786580.Bt.r.html (274 words)

	photosynthesis
		Our stake in photosynthesis is, therefore, great, since we are not only dependent upon it for the food we eat, but also for many of the goods and most of the energy we use.
		An important example is the compromise between photosynthesis and the prevention of excessive water loss from the plant.
		The photosynthetic cells of CAM plants store the malate formed in the night in their vacuoles until morning, when the stomata close.
	www.bio.umass.edu /biology/conn.river/photosyn.html (1366 words)

	Photosynthesis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		CAM uses PEPcase for initial fixation of CO - forms 4-C acids that are stored in vacuoles of mesophyll cells until the day, when the light reactions are operating (ATP, NADPH available for PCR)
		Clear benefit to CAM photosynthesis is lower water loss; at night when stomates open the air is cooler, and more humid, so the gradient for water loss to the atmosphere is lower- the most likely driving force for CAM evolution; low CO /O2 ratio probably also contributed
		CAM plants may be facultative or obligate in their use of CAM photosynthesis
	www.colorado.edu /epob/epob3140bowman/3140-04.html (825 words)

	News: ‘Night-time’ photosynthesis helps plants survive
		Plants growing in the tops of forest canopies are able to survive thanks to a special type of ‘night-time’ photosynthesis, according to the latest research by Oxford plant scientists, recently published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA (PNAS).
		This enables plants to conduct most of their gas exchange with the atmosphere at night, when the air is relatively cool and humid, rather than during the day as in most plants.
		Our work on bromeliads shows that CAM photosynthesis has evolved many times in very different groups of plants, and that it’s surprisingly common amongst tropical epiphytes.
	www.admin.ox.ac.uk /po/news/2003-04/jul/15.shtml (407 words)

	(Emily Baker, Jeff Anglim, Sarah Erickson, Justin Bradley, and Gina Caraballo) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		CAM plants also close their stomata, but O2 buildup is not as much of a problem for them.
		Our hypothesis and prediction was: If CAM plants photosynthesize more efficiently than C3 plants, then the amount of CO2 concentration will be lower in the CAM plant chamber than in the C3 plant chamber.
		During the experiment, the mean production of CO2 for the CAM plant was 3.015 ppm/min/g which meant that during each of the trials, the CAM plant was actually producing CO2 and primarily going through respiration not photosynthesis.
	spot.colorado.edu /~basey/CA.htm (545 words)

	Bio 120 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		CAM - Another plant adaptation to minimize photorespiration and water loss is CAM (crassulacean acid metabolism).
		Plants that utilize CAM use an identical biochemical process to the C4 plants, including use of the enzyme PEP Carboxylase to intially fix CO to Phosphoenol Pyvuvate (PEP) for later release.
		CAM plants close their stomata during the day and usually only open them at night.
	bioweb.wku.edu /courses/Biol120/images/C4.htm (630 words)

	CSIRO PUBLISHING - Functional Plant Biology
		photosynthesis in identical cells of a plant indicates these photosynthetic pathways are incompatible.
		photosynthesis are related to scavenging photorespiratory CO via localization of glycine decarboxylase in the bundle sheath cells.
		The initial steps in CAM evolution are associated with the scavenging of respiratory CO at night by PEP carboxylation.
	www.publish.csiro.au /nid/102/paper/PP01217.htm (379 words)

	AZ Master Gardener Manual: Physiology
		Photosynthesis is the process of turning the energy of sunlight into chemical energy from the raw products of CO and H
		However, CAM plants open their stomata only during the night to collect CO, when air temperatures are cooler, thus conserving water because of reduced transpiration.
		Photosynthesis is dependent on the availability of light.
	ag.arizona.edu /pubs/garden/mg/botany/physiology.html (1527 words)

	February 9 Lecture Notes
		CAM photosynthesis is the same pathway as C4 photosynthesis, with a temporal rather than spatial separation of the two enzymes involved.
		In CAM plants, stomata open at night and CO2 is fixed into a C4 acid.
		The surprise is that CAM plants can be found in three wildly different places: a) as succulents in deserts, b) as epiphytes (canopy dwellers) in the tropics and subtropics, and c) in some aquatic plants!
	culter.colorado.edu /~tims/feb9.html (1206 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)