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Topic: CAPS (Computer Animation Production System)

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	Pixar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Specializing in high-end 3D computer graphics technology, Pixar is the developer of the industry-standard rendering software RenderMan, used for high-quality, photorealistic image generation.
		Initially, Pixar was a high-end hardware company whose core product was the Pixar Image Computer, which primarily sold to government agencies and the medical community.
		After substantial cuts to most of the computer department, Pixar began its current life by making a $26,000,000 deal with Walt Disney Studios in 1991 to produce animated feature films, the first of which was Toy Story.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pixar (1334 words)

	The Tech of Computer Animation
		In the mid-80's, "Most people still didn't know that computer graphics was going to become important." According to Edwin Catmull, inventor of several computer animation techniques and programs and a pioneer at Pixar, a computer animation studio that works with Disney, "We were believers; we wanted to be in computer animation."
		After using CAPS for a scene in 1989's The Little Mermaid, the program was used in 1990's The Rescuers Down Under, in which every single frame (24 per second for 77 minutes) was painted by a computer.
		The first, a viscosity program, was used in animating special effects such as realistic-looking mud, lava, milk, and fire.
	www.angelfire.com /ut/RToons/Pixar.html (713 words)

	It was in 1984, while still at Apple Computer, that Steve Jobs first heard of Pixar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This advance allowed a computer to draw a representation of a 3D object by determining which surfaces were behind the object and thus needed to be partially hidden when the computer created or "rendered" the image.
		Digital animation was used to drastically expand the number of cels which could be laid on top of one another to produce one scene, and they were also used to expand the palette of colors available to animators from 1400 paint colors to over sixteen million digital color choices.
		Animation is performed by defining "key frames," which are the frames containing the extremes of motion that will occur in a scene.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~afuah/cases/case14.html (7667 words)

	Section 11: Production companies
		Kleiser-Walczak provided all the computer animation digitally composted with live action in Vistavision at 48 frames per second and a 2 1/2 minute stereoscopic film that was entirely computer-generated.
		Their most recognized production was of sequences in the 1990 film Lawnmower Man; they also produced a number of exquisite scenes for the MTV Liquid Television series.
		Xaos animators use the particle engine to populate the scene with various forces to make the currents bend, curl, and twist in vortexes as they hit various parts of the geometry in the scene.
	accad.osu.edu /~waynec/history/lesson11.html (8563 words)

	:: ArtInsights Animation Gallery :: Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The animator's drawing used as the finished image to be transferred to a cel.
		They are far more affordable than some older Disney production cels, and some production cels from Warner Brothers cartoons are entirely unavailable because of a fire in their warehouse in 1968.
		Animation Drawing: A pencil drawing on animation paper, created by the animator and used as the basis for an image on a cel.
	www.artinsights.com /glossary.html (1778 words)

	[No title]
		As the UU computer graphics laboratory was attracting people from all over, John Warnock was one of those early pioneers; he would later found Adobe Systems and create a revolution in the publishing world with his PostScript page description language.
		CAPS is a 2D animation system owned by Disney that simplifies and automates much of the complex post-production aspects of creating full length cartoon animations.
		As the traditional stop-motion animators moved the model, the movement was sent to the computer and recorded.
	www2.hawaii.edu /~edgard/HistryCG.html (12753 words)

	Computer Graphics World - Part 7: Movie Retrospective
		Although Looker (1981) was the first film with shaded 3D com puter graphics, Tron (1982) was the first with 15 minutes of computer animation and lots of shaded graphics.
		Although 3D graphics debuted in earlier Disney animations, Beauty and the Beast is the first in which hand-drawn characters appear in a 3D background.
		For Warner's cel animation The Iron Giant, a 3D CG hero is created in Maya, rendered as a cartoon in RenderMan, and then imported into Cambridge Animation Systems'; Animo.
	cgw.pennnet.com /Articles/Article_Display.cfm?Section=Articles&Subsection=Display&ARTICLE_ID=148548 (1982 words)

	Computer graphics and animation subject of public lecture (3/97) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Sandra was a noted computer science educator and textbook author.
		Smith initiated and negotiated the Academy Award-winning CAPS (Computer Animation Production System) project between Pixar and Disney, the hardware and software system that Disney now uses for full production of all its "traditional" 2-D animated feature films, including Rescuers Down Under, Beauty and the Beast, Aladdin, The Lion King and Pocahontas.
		In addition, Smith was co-awarded the Computer Graphics Achievement Award by the Association for Computing Machinery SIGGRAPH in 1990 for seminal contributions to computer paint systems, including the first full-color paint program, the first soft-edged fill program and the HSV color space model.
	www.stanford.edu /group/news/relaged/970311forsythe.html (272 words)

	Keeping Track: Case Studies in Asset Management
		Usually, these facilities won't discuss details of their systems-for competitive reasons and because they don't want to appear to be endorsing a vendor's product.
		However, they do acknowledge that their systems are based on commercial and proprietary software powered by the latest in hardware and networking technologies.
		Finally, the system needed to integrate seamlessly with the CAPS graphics applications so that it was more or less invisible to the artists.
	millimeter.com /mag/video_keeping_track_case (2244 words)

	Computer Animation And History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Time Line - History of animation from the early 1800s to just before the advent of the personal computer.
		History of Computer Animation - Computer Animation Techniques - Word Leaders in Production of Computer Animation - Computer Animation in Star...
		Disney and Pixar develop CAPS ( Computer Animation Paint System) (academy technical award in 1992) PIXAR wins Academy award for Tin Toy...
	www.justgraphics.info /browse/computer-animation-and-history.html (148 words)

	1976 Charles Goodwin Sands Memorial Medal
		The system was based on the pioneering work of Nestor Burtnyk and Marceli Wein [2], but updated to run on a more modern real-time vector display (the Evans and Sutherland Picture System).
		This merging system is further described in Bruce Wallace's Siggraph 1981 paper [7], his Master's thesis [8], and a paper I wrote for a small European conference [9].
		The system they co-developed was called CAPS (Computer Animation Production System).
	graphics.stanford.edu /~levoy/sands_award.html (819 words)

	ANIMATION ART - ?What is a Seri-Cel? - Collectibles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This system does not generate animation but allows handmade drawings to be copied, colored, and combined electronically with a painted background.
		That being the case, there are no actual production cels in existence for any Disney feature made after 1990, and collectors should be aware that all post 1990 Disney cels ere produced specifically for the collectibles market.
		The latter category is apt to be made up of more committed collectors, interested in historical and aesthetic value, while the former is made up more of collectors interested in obtaining attractive setups that they can frame to match precisely the film images they see on their video players.
	maxpages.com /mainshome/Animation_Art - !http://www.maxpages.com/mainshome/Animation_Art (669 words)

	Places : Companies & Places (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Pixar : The former computer graphics group from Lucasfilm (not to be confused with Industrial Lights and Magic, which is the special effects group).
		They were frustrated by the lack of graphics hardware available in the late 60's, and they formed the idea of forming their own company.
		He loved Disney cartoons as a kid, and wanted to learn more about animation, but he didn't have the knack for drawing, but computer animation was the way to go.
	www.cs.montana.edu /~charon/graphics/places.html (911 words)

	Resume of Robert A. Mortensen
		Developed a log file collection and analysis system for Worlds.com 's server farm which includes their custom 3D chat servers and WorldsStore online store.
		Member of a small team that built a "proof-of-concept" prototype that demonstrated the viability of a new architecture for the production system.
		Contributed to the requirements analysis and design of an airborne system (hardware and software) to analyze data produced by an infrared imaging system used to detect and map wildland fires.
	home.earthlink.net /~ramortensen/resume.html (713 words)

	Multimédia,
		BCD Associates, Inc - Designs and manufactures computer-controlled video systems for animation, training, and marketing.
		Brainstorming Computer Graphics - Brainstorming is not "the brain" and "the storm"; it is thinking together to find a good idea.
		Computer Friends - offers complete and individual heat transfer components, `picture in a picture' video overlay software and a full range of presses, printers, and supplies.
	emc.elte.hu /links/cegek.html (2427 words)

	Robert Uzgalis : Computer Software (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Chyribdus -- A Digital Spirograph for the IBM 3279 Display Station, UCLA Computer Science Department, 1982, 1150 lines PL/I. Carper C. and R. galis.
		AXXION -- An Educational Calculator/Computer, UCLA Computer Science Department, 1976, 700 lines PL/I. galis, R. and C. Cleaveland.
		PL/OT -- A Computer Graphics Extension for PL/I, UCLA Health Sciences Computing Facility, 1968, 1500 lines PL/I.
	www.serve.net /buz/pubs/software.html (134 words)

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