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Topic: CCR5

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	CCR5 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		CCR5, short for chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5, is a chemokine receptor.
		CCR5 is also the name of the gene that codes for the CCR5 receptor.
		CCR5 is predominantly expressed on T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells and microglia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/CCR5 (621 words)

	Project Inform: Co-receptors: CCR5 [ HIV / AIDS Treatment Information ]
		CCR5 appears to be important for NSI strains of HIV (the strains most common in early disease), while CXCR4 appears to be more important for SI strains (a more aggressive strain seen in some people with more aggressive disease).
		The fact that CCR5 not only allows HIV entry into CD4 bearing cells, but is also a receptor for these chemokines explains two important aspects of the interaction between the immune system and the virus.
		CCR5 deletion or not, monitoring health, making wise treatment choices and keeping the virus in check is critical to managing HIV disease.
	www.projinf.org /fs/ccr5.html (2194 words)

	Review of the Mutant Allele Dccr5 in HIV-1 Transmission and Primary Infection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		CCR5 is expressed on macrophages, monocytes, memory T cells, dendritic cells, and microglial cells (Granelli-Piperno, 1996; He, 1996; Wu, 1997).
		Immunoblot anaylses of cells transfected with Dccr5 indicate that the mutant protein is unstable in the cytoplasm (Liu, 1996).
		(1997) CCR3 and CCR5 Are Co-Receptors For HIV-1 Infection of Microglia.
	www.jyi.org /volumes/volume2/issue1/articles/peterson.html (5022 words)

	EID V3 N3: Host Genes and HIV: The Role of the Chemokine Receptor Gene CCR5 and Its Allele (32 CCR5)
		PCR amplification of the C-terminal of the CCR5 gene, subsequent digestion with the EcoRI restriction enzyme, and agarose gel electrophoresis of the digested DNA yield a 182 bp band for the wild type CCR5 gene, a 150 bp band for the 32 allele, and both bands in the case of a heterozygous person.
		Preliminary data from the Multi Center AIDS Cohort Study suggest that the effect of CCR5 and HLA genotype on survival or disease course are independent and that the effect of HLA on disease outcomes may be greater than the effect of CCR5 genotype (54).
		CCR3 and CCR5 are co-receptors for HIV-1 infection of microglia.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/eid/vol3no3/smith.htm (5509 words)

	Human Genome Sciences: CCR5 mAb
		CCR5 mAb (CCR5mAb004) is a fully human monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes and binds the chemokine receptor CCR5.
		The CCR5 receptor is known to be a key facilitator of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
		Human Genome Sciences is developing CCR5 mAb as a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of HIV infection and AIDS, which may offer the advantages of a lack of drug interactions and a reduced likelihood of the development of resistance.
	www.hgsi.com /products/CCR5.htm (1655 words)

	Mutation that Protects Against HIV Infection May Raise Risk of West Nile Virus Illness, January 17, 2006 News Release - ...
		People who lack a cell surface protein called CCR5 are highly resistant to infection by HIV but may be at increased risk of developing West Nile virus (WNV) illness when exposed to the mosquito-borne virus, report researchers from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
		Further investigation showed that CCR5 promoted the movement of several classes of immune system cells into the brain and central nervous system, which appeared to protect normal mice from the encephalitis (brain inflammation) characteristic of serious WNV infection.
		The absence of normal CCR5 genes is a strong genetic risk factor for developing symptomatic cases of WNV infection, the researchers conclude.
	www.nih.gov /news/pr/jan2006/niaid-17.htm (804 words)

	Expansion of CCR5+ CD4+ T-lymphocytes in the course of active pulmonary tuberculosis -- Santucci et al. 24 (4): 638 -- ...
		receptors CCR5 and CCR3, and that in pulmonary TB the population
		Expression of CCR5 is Increased in human monocyte derived- and in alveolar- macrophages in the course of in vivo and in vitro Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
		CCR5 is the major coreceptor used by HIV-1 subtype C isolates form patients with active tuberculosis.
	erj.ersjournals.com /cgi/content/full/24/4/638 (2957 words)

	Genomics\|HuGENet\|Fact sheets\|CCR5 receptor gene and HIV infection
		CCR5 is a chemokine receptor present in different cells, especially in macrophages, monocytes, and T cells, where it acts as a co-receptor for HIV-1 in these cells.
		Carrington, M., et al., Genetics of HIV-1 infection: chemokine receptor CCR5 polymorphism and its consequences.
		Tang, J., et al., Distribution of chemokine receptor CCR2 and CCR5 genotypes and their relative contribution to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seroconversion, early HIV-1 RNA concentration in plasma, and later disease progression.
	www.cdc.gov /genomics/hugenet/factsheets/FS_CCR5.htm (1002 words)

	Into CCR5
		CCR5 is the primary focus of our group's papers.
		This genetic defect may prevent HIV-1 from infecting macrophages or slowing down the rate of infection and the rate of disease progression.
		In fact, a mutation deletion in both copies of the CCR5 gene has been found in certain individuals who have been multiply-exposed to the virus but have never become infected.
	student.biology.arizona.edu /honors97/group12/ccr5.htm (302 words)

	Role of CCR5 in IFN-{gamma}-induced and cigarette smoke-induced emphysema -- Ma et al. 115 (12): 3460 -- Journal of ...
		Expression of CCR5 is increased in human monocyte-derived macrophages and alveolar macrophages in the course of in vivo and in vitro Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
		Expression and characterization of the chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5 in mice.
		CCR5 deficiency is not protective in the early stages of atherogenesis in apoE knockout mice.
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/115/12/3460 (6234 words)

	CCR-5 (CCR5) Chemokine Receptor antibodies available through Research Diagnostics Inc
		CCR5 is the major chemokine co-receptor for macrophage-tropic strains of HIV-1.
		CCR5 binds RANTES, MIP-1a and MIP-Ib as expressed on T cells and macrophages; expression concomitant with CD4 renders cells permissive to macrophage-tropic but not T cell tropic virus strains.
		The chemokine receptor CCR5 is one of the co-receptors used by primary isolates of HIV-1.
	www.researchd.com /cytokines/ccr5ab.htm (422 words)

	Intra- and Interspecific Variation of the CCR5 Gene in Higher Primates -- Zhang et al. 20 (10): 1722 -- Molecular ...
		(PCR) amplification and sequencing of primate CCR5 genes (Zhang, Ryder, and Zhang 1999).
		CCR5 polymorphisms are prevalent in primates and rodents and
		Sequence evolution of the CCR5 chemokine receptor gene in primates.
	mbe.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/20/10/1722 (4710 words)

	CCR5 Expression and {beta}-Chemokine Production During Placental Neonatal Monocyte Differentiation -- ZYLLA et al. 53 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		CCR5 (antisense) and ß-actin for 1 h at 42°C, and the resulting cDNA was used as a template for PCR amplification.
		CCR5 mRNA was present in both freshly isolated CM and cultured CMDM.
		Kaufmann A, Salentin R, Gemsa D, Sprenger H 2001 Increase of CCR1 and CCR5 expression and enhanced functional response to MIP-1 alpha during differentiation of human monocytes to macrophages.
	www.pedresearch.org /cgi/content/full/53/5/853 (3181 words)

	Naturally Occurring Deletional Mutation in the C-Terminal Cytoplasmic Tail of CCR5 Affects Surface Trafficking of CCR5 ...
		CCR5 is an essential coreceptor for the cellular entry of R5 strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1).
		CCR5 (+) and CXCR3 (+) T cells are increased in multiple sclerosis and their ligands MIP-1alpha and IP-10 are expressed in demyelinating brain lesions.
		CCR5 has an expanded ligand-binding repertoire and is the primary receptor used by MCP-2 on activated T cells.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/75/7/3462 (3747 words)

	An Intricate Web: Chemokine Receptors, HIV-1 and Hematopoiesis -- Lee et al. 16 (2): 79 -- Stem Cells
		of CCR5 and CXCR4 on T-cell subsets [38].
		CCR3 and CCR5 are coreceptors for HIV-1 infection of microglia.
		HIV-1 coreceptor activity of CCR5 and its inhibition by chemokines: independence from G protein signaling and importance of coreceptor downmodulation.
	stemcells.alphamedpress.org /cgi/content/full/16/2/79 (6900 words)

	Chemokine Receptor CCR1 But Not CCR5 Mediates Leukocyte Recruitment and Subsequent Renal Fibrosis after Unilateral ...
		CCR1 (ligands CCL3 and CCL4) and CCR5 (ligands CCL5 and CCL4)
		To assess CCR1 and CCR5 mRNA expression in renal fibroblasts
		Levels of mRNA expression for CCR1 (gray) and CCR5 (fl) in UUO kidneys are expressed in relation to renal GAPDH mRNA expression and to the respective ratio of the unobstructed contralateral kidney.
	jasn.asnjournals.org /cgi/content/full/15/2/337 (5419 words)

	Interaction of Chemokine Receptor CCR5 with its Ligands: Multiple Domains for HIV-1 gp120 Binding and a Single Domain ...
		CCR5 is a chemokine receptor expressed by T cells and macrophages, which also functions as the principal coreceptor for macrophage
		CCR5 is the principal coreceptor for primary macrophage
		CCR5 with its natural CC chemokine ligands (35).
	www.jem.org /cgi/content/full/186/8/1373 (6003 words)

	The Differential Sensitivity of Human and Rhesus Macaque CCR5 to Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Human Immunodeficiency ...
		Structural model of the TM domain of CCR5 with energy-minimized structures of AD101 and SCH-C. (A) Energy-minimized structures of AD101 and SCH-C were calculated by using the PM3 semiempirical method of the HyperChem software (Hypercube, Inc.) (63) and are depicted in space-filling representation.
		The interaction between gp120 and CCR5 is shown in a simple, one-site form, with no intent to identify any individual gp120 domain(s) that might be involved in the overall interaction.
		SCH-C (SCH 351125), an orally bioavailable, small molecule antagonist of the chemokine receptor CCR5, is a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 infection in vitro and in vivo.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/78/8/4134 (7631 words)

	Black Death Aids \| Science and Technology \| BBC World Service
		It’s all down to their particular genetic make-up and researchers are beginning to understand where that genetic protection comes from.
		O’Brien now plans to work with scientists in Paris to establish if the presence of CCR5 in mice will lead them to be resistant to plague infection.
		Which could be good news for those in areas of the world, such as Africa, where levels of CCR5 in its mutant form are known to be low.
	www.bbc.co.uk /worldservice/sci_tech/highlights/011025_ccr5.shtml (689 words)

	An overview of the determinants of CCR5 and CXCR4 co-receptor function -- Dragic 82 (8): 1807 -- Journal of General ...
		Chabot, D. and Broder, C. Substitutions in a homologous region of extracellular loop 2 of CXCR4 and CCR5 alter coreceptor activities for HIV-1 membrane fusion and virus entry.
		Farzan, M., Choe, H., Vaca, L., Martin, K., Sun, Y., Desjardins, E., Ruffing, N., Wu, L., Wyatt, R., Gerard, N., Gerard, C. and Sodroski, J. A tyrosine-rich region in the N terminus of CCR5 is important for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 entry and mediates an association between gp120 and CCR5.
		Kajumo, F., Thompson, D. D., Guo, Y. and Dragic, T. Entry of R5X4 and X4 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains is mediated by negatively charged and tyrosine residues in the amino-terminal domain and the second extracellular loop of CXCR4.
	vir.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/82/8/1807 (6719 words)

	ScienceDaily: Mutation That Protects Against HIV Infection May Raise Risk Of West Nile Virus Illness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		They discovered that while most mice survived WNV infection, mice genetically engineered to lack CCR5 receptors suffered rapid and uniformly fatal infection by the virus.
		Mutation That Protects Against HIV Infection May Raise Risk Of West Nile Virus Illness (January 17, 2006) -- People who lack a cell surface protein called CCR5 are highly resistant to infection by HIV but may be at increased risk of developing West Nile virus (WNV) illness when exposed to the mosquito-borne...
		Encephalitis Update: West Nile-Like Virus In The United States (September 29, 1999) -- The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has now made the link between the West Nile-like virus found in birds in New York City and the ongoing human encephalitis outbreak in the area.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2006/01/060117113225.htm (2034 words)

	Heterozygosity for a Defective Gene for CC Chemokine Receptor 5 Is Not the Sole Determinant for the Immunologic and ...
		PBMC from all of the long-term nonprogressors responded in vitro to PHA and to alloantigen (data not shown).
		Lam, et al (1997) Inherited resistance to HIV-1 conferred by an inactivating mutation in CC chemokine receptor 5: studies in populations with contrasting clinical phenotypes, defined racial backgrounds and quantified risks.
		Newman, R.A. Koup, and C.R. Mackay (1997) CCR5 levels and expression pattern correlate with infectability by macrophage-tropic HIV-1, in vitro.
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/100/6/1581 (4818 words)

	- Darwinism and the Deterioration of the Genome -- TrueOrigin Archive
		A review of both textbooks and journal articles on evolution demonstrated that the most common examples of beneficial mutations were sickle cell anemia, bacterial resistance to antibiotics, Ancon short legged sheep, viral/bacterial immunity, and a “putative beneficial mutation for lipid transport” (Galton, et.
		An example of a mutation that was beneficial in specific situations was damage to the Chemokine receptor 5, (CCR5), the principle co-receptor in T-cells that causes cells with CD4 receptors (primarily T-cells) to be unable to take the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) into the cell.
		A 32-bp deletion within the CCR5 locus protects against transmission of parenterally acquired human immunodeficiency virus but does not affect progression to AIDS-defining illness.
	www.trueorigin.org /mutations01.asp (6609 words)

	CCR5 Receptor Antagonists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Prolonged Duration of CCR5 Occupancy by Experimental GSK Compound 873140 in HIV Negative and HIV Positive Subjects
		In vitro Escape of R5 Primary Isolates from the CCR5 Antagonist, UK-427,857, is Difficult and Involves Continued Use of the CCR5 Receptor
		Effect of Influenza Virus Vaccine on the Expression of HIV Co-receptor CCR5 in Children
	www.hivandhepatitis.com /recent/experimental_drugs/docs/ccr5.html (541 words)

	SNP linked to Gene (geneID:1234) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		SNP are linked from gene CCR5 via the following methods:
		Gln [Q] snp are mapped to the genomic region near CCR5:
		Click here to turn on the view of snp from GenBank.
	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /SNP/snp_ref.cgi?locusId=1234 (51 words)

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