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Topic: CDMA

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Code division multiple access

FDMA

Cellular network

TACS

TDMA

3G

Frequency synthesiser

Product detector

3GSM

GPRS

Frequency mixer

CDMA2000

Signal

TWX

Inverse multiplexer

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	Code division multiple access - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The CDMA technique is used as the principle of the W-CDMA air interface, and the W-CDMA air interface is used in the global 3G standard, UMTS, and Japanese 3G standards, FOMA by NTT DoCoMo and Vodafone, however, the CDMA family of standards (including cdmaOne and CDMA2000) are not compatible with the W-CDMA family of standards.
		This makes CDMA ideally suited to large numbers of transmitters each generating a relatively small amount of traffic at irregular intervals, as it avoids the overhead of continually allocating and deallocating a limited number of orthogonal time slots or frequency channels to individual transmitters.
		In CDMA, a set of neighbouring cells all use the same frequency for transmission and distinguish cells (or base stations) by means of a number called the "PN offset", a time offset from the beginning of the well-known pseudo-random noise sequence that is used to spread the signal from the base station.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/CDMA (1749 words)

	W-CDMA - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However, this protocol is now widely referred to as "CDMA" for its principal characteristic of using the CDMA multiplexing scheme to share multiple connections divided by different codes (PN Sequences) over the same spectrum, as opposed to other spectrum division schemes (e.g.
		The term CDMA in the mobile world typically refers to the CDMA family of standards developed by Qualcomm.
		CDMA (the multiplexing technique) is used as the principle of the W-CDMA air interface protocol, as well as Qualcomm's CDMA protocols
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/W-CDMA (827 words)

	CDMA Tutorial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		CDMA codes are not required to provide call security, but create a uniqueness to enable call identification.
		Since all cells in CDMA use the same frequency, it is possible to make the connection to the new cell before leaving the current cell.
		One of the main advantages of CDMA systems is the capability of using signals that arrive in the receivers with different time delays.
	www.umtsworld.com /technology/cdmabasics.htm (697 words)

	CDMA - GSM \| Wirless and Cellular Technology \| Standards - Reference Page - BSMAP \| BSSAP \| BSSMAP \| BTSM \| CC \| DTAP ...
		Anti-jamming (because of the spread signal, it is difficult to jam or interfere with a CDMA signal).
		CDMA is a spread spectrum technology, which means that it spreads the information contained in a particular signal of interest over a much greater bandwidth than the original signal.
		CDMA is a digital multiple access technique and this cellular aspect of the protocol is specified by the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) as IS-95.
	www.protocols.com /pbook/cellular.htm (560 words)

	CNP: CDMA Digital Cellular and PCS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		CDMA digital systems get their name, Code Division Multiple Access, by assigning a unique code to each user and by spreading the transmission of all users in parallel across a wide band of frequencies.
		In the TIA-95 implementation of CDMA, the bandwidth of a single channel is 1.25 MHz, which is claimed to support 10 to 20 times as many users as the equivalent spectrum dedicated to analog cellular.
		The TIA-95 CDMA digital cellular standard is described, from a network perspective, in the February, 1996 and March, 1996 issues of Cellular Networking Perspectives.
	www.cnp-wireless.com /cdma.html (133 words)

	CDMA - a Whatis.com definition - see also: code-division multiple access (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		As the term implies, CDMA is a form of multiplexing, which allows numerous signals to occupy a single transmission channel, optimizing the use of available bandwidth.
		CDMA networks use a scheme called soft handoff, which minimizes signal breakup as a handset passes from one cell to another.
		The original CDMA standard, also known as CDMA One and still common in cellular telephones in the U.S., offers a transmission speed of only up to 14.4 Kbps in its single channel form and up to 115 Kbps in an eight-channel form.
	searchnetworking.techtarget.com /sDefinition/0,,sid7_gci213842,00.html (303 words)

	CDMA Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		CDMA, one of the most important 2G mobile networks in the world, provides the flexibility to trade off between coverage, capacity, and call quality.
		The maximum number of CDMA subscribers is relative to the system environment, application, and the trade off in terms of coverage and quality.
		CDMA phone calls will be secure from the casual eavesdropper since, unlike an analog conversation, a simple radio receiver will not be able to pick individual digital conversations out of the overall RF radiation in a frequency band.
	www.gemplus.com /techno/cdma (795 words)

	CDMA Glossary
		A CDMA network consists of the mobile station, the base station, the base station controller, the mobile switching center, the operation administration and maintenance system and the executive cellular processor.
		A CDMA phone is a CDMA mobile phone that is designed to be mounted in a car, rather than carried by hand.
		CDMA mobile phones, because they transmit data in short code division multiple access (CDMA) bursts, are often believed to cause less interference than other types of mobile telephone.
	www.argospress.com /Resources/cdma-mobile (1025 words)

	USS Clueless CDMA FAQ -- How is CDMA superior to TDMA?
		CDMA systems constantly adjust power to make sure as little is used as necessary, and compensate for this by using coding gain through the use of forward error correction and other approaches which are much too complicated to go into here.
		When the CDMA phone realizes that it doesn't need to transmit a full digital packet, it will use a "half rate" packet, or "quarter rate" or "eighth rate", and will transmit for less time.
		In a CDMA system, it would be very easy to allocate a considerable proportion of the bandwidth of a sector to a single phone for that interval.
	denbeste.nu /cdmafaq/cdmatdma.shtml (923 words)

	CDMA Explained (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Wideband CDMA that forms the basis of UMTS 3G networks, Developed originally by Qualcomm, CDMA is characterized by high capacity and small cell radius, employing spread-spectrum technology and a special coding scheme.
		Developed originally by Qualcomm and enhanced by Ericsson, CDMA is characterized by high capacity and small cell radius, employing spread-spectrum technology and a special coding scheme.
		CDMA was adopted by the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) in 1993.
	www.cellular.co.za /cdma.htm (671 words)

	CDMA FAQ: Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		CDMA stands for Code Division Multiple Access and refers to a technology for the radio link which utilizes spread spectrum communication with very tightly controlled power levels by all participants.
		CDMA is unique among cellular transmission standards in that it actually uses multipath to its advantage by using fingers in the rake receiver.
		Registration in CDMA is a process where the phone turns its transmitter on briefly and sends a packet on the paging channel which identifies the phone to the cell system.
	home.san.rr.com /denbeste/glossary.html (3396 words)

	What is CDMA Cell Phone Technology
		CDMA was original developed by the military in the early 1960's.
		CDMA uses wide-band spread spectrum techniques for signal transmission, as opposed to narrow-band channel techniques used in conventional analog systems.
		CDMA is faster in transmitting and receiving data over a cellular phone.
	www.cellphonecarriers.com /cdma-wireless-phone.html (532 words)

	CDMA - Glossary - CNET.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		CDMA is a digital spread-spectrum modulation technique used mainly with personal communications devices such as mobile phones.
		CDMA digitizes the conversation and tags it with a special frequency code.
		The receiving device is instructed to decipher only the data corresponding to a particular code to reconstruct the signal.
	www.cnet.com /Resources/Info/Glossary/Terms/cdma.html (61 words)

	Freelance Propaganda: Clarifying CDMA vs GSM
		CDMA is both a mobile phone standard (IS-95) and a technology (Code Division Multiple Access) and if youand#8217;re comparing and#8220;GSMand#8221; to and#8220;TDMAand#8221; to and#8220;CDMAand#8221; then youand#8217;re refering to phone standards.
		CDMA is both a mobile phone standard (IS-95) and a technology (Code Division Multiple Access) and if you’re comparing “GSM”; to “TDMA”; to “CDMA” then you’re refering to phone standards.
		CDMA the technology is rather better and is being used in a number of newer systems.
	www.freelancepropaganda.com /archives/000298.html (174 words)

	CDG : Technology : CDMA Technology
		CDMA consistently provides better capacity for voice and data communications than other commercial mobile technologies, allowing more subscribers to connect at any given time, and it is the common platform on which 3G technologies are built.
		CDMA is a "spread spectrum" technology, allowing many users to occupy the same time and frequency allocations in a given band/space.
		CDMA is the fastest growing wireless technology and it will continue to grow at a faster pace than any other technology.
	www.cdg.org /technology/index.asp (363 words)

	USS Clueless - GSM 3G
		CDMA was yet another approach to the RF layer, which was radically different again.
		Data and voice in CDMA, on the other hand, both use the same carrier and bandwidth is reallocated between the two 50 times per second automatically, and you can implement high speed data without having to install new transmitters in all the cells.
		CDMA and TDMA are fundamentally incompatible and there's no way to create a new system (which they're calling WCDMA) which can support existing TDMA handsets.
	www.denbeste.nu /cd_log_entries/2002/10/GSM3G.shtml (4549 words)

	Nortel: Solution: CDMA Networks: Overview
		CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) technology is a driving force behind wireless networks around the globe.
		Nortel's CDMA Access Network solution is based on the strength of the Metro Cell family of base transceiver stations (BTS) and the base station controller (BSC).
		CDMA OAM&P Solutions are designed to help operators manage and maintain their networks as effectively as possible to ensure efficient and cost-saving operations.
	www.nortelnetworks.com /solutions/cdma (188 words)

	Alcatel şi Nokia, interesate de CDMA 450 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Interesul pentru CDMA 450 a crescut în ultimele luni, ca urmare a intrării pe piaţă a mai multor furnizori de servicii telecom din nordul şi estul Europei.
		CDMA 450, prima versiune CDMA2000 (Code Division Multiple Access) care a pătruns în Europa, este o tehnologie de comunicaţii mobile ce operează în spectrul de 450 MHz, fiind în prezent operaţională pe mai mult de 20 de pieţe din întreaga lume.
		CDMA 450 este o tehnologie mobilă foarte eficientă, capabilă să acopere o suprafaţă mare şi un număr mare de clienţi la probabil cel mai scăzut cost dintre tehnologiile aflate pe piaţă.
	www.chip.ro /print.php?section=stiri&id=5695 (471 words)

	CDMA definition (Phone Scoop)
		But the term "CDMA" is also commonly used to refer to one specific implementation: IS-95 - a mobile-phone technology that competes with technologies such as GSM.
		CDMA systems have been in commercial operation since 1995.
		CDMA networks operate in the 800 and 1900 MHz frequency bands with primary markets in the Americas and Asia.
	www.phonescoop.com /glossary/term.php?gid=8 (205 words)

	broadband » Canadian Wireless FAQ 7. CDMA
		Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is a digital wireless technology that was pioneered and commercially developed by Qualcomm.
		CDMA works by converting speech into digital information, which is then transmitted as a radio signal over a wireless network.
		Many leading wireless carriers are now building or upgrading to 3G CDMA networks in order to provide more capacity for voice traffic, along with high-speed data capabilities.
	www.dslreports.com /faq/7400 (130 words)

	What is IS-95: CDMA?
		The CDMA technology used in IS-95 is in technical competition with the TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) technology used in GSM.
		CDMA is the most advanced of the three digital cellular standards being used worldwide, and is fast becoming a key component of new PCS networks as well.
		In the past 7 years CDMA (Code Division Multiplexed Access) has grown from a small experiment to the technology that is going to replace all existing wireless methods in North America and around the world, replacing even GSM, which up to now has been deeply entrenched in Europe and elsewhere.
	www.tech-faq.com /cdma-is-95.shtml (658 words)

	CDMA Resource Center
		CDMA Technology CDMA consistently provides better capacity for voice and data communications than other commercial mobile technologies, allowing more subscribers to connect at any given time, and it is the common platform on which 3G technologies are built.
		Messaging Characteristics In Nokia CDMA Devices v1.0 This document includes detailed information about the messaging characteristics of each Nokia CDMA device that is part of Series 40 Developer Platform 1.0 and 2.0.
		CDMA University is the Technical Training division of Qualcomm Inc., the wireless technology leader.
	www.palowireless.com /3g/cdma.asp (1333 words)

	Telstra Mobile - Networks and Coverage - Network Information - CDMA
		Telstra’s CDMA network is a popular mobile phone network for customers who need great coverage.
		Since July 2000, the coverage provided by Telstra's CDMA network has grown by 670,000 square kilometres, or almost 83 per cent, transforming Australia’s communications landscape.
		Over the past year Telstra’s rollout of its CDMA network has provided coverage to more than 275 towns, rural areas and segments of highways that have never before had mobile phone reception.
	www.telstra.com.au /mobile/networks/info/cdma.htm (178 words)

	code-division multiple access - a Whatis.com definition - see also: CDMA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		CDMA employs analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) in combination with spread spectrum technology.
		CDMA is compatible with other cellular technologies; this allows for nationwide Roaming.
		CDMA2000 and wideband CDMA deliver data many times faster.
	whatis.techtarget.com /definition/0,289893,sid9_gci213842,00.html (313 words)

	CDMA Pushed on Postwar Iraq
		CDMA offers significant voice and data advantages over GSM, and is the basis for the next generation of wireless communications.
		If CDMA were the dominant technology in Iraq today, customers traveling to a nearby country that has only a GSM network wouldn't be able to use a CDMA phone there.
		Finally, because U.S. CDMA systems are compliant with the U.S. Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act, this system provides all necessary access for law enforcement in post-conflict Iraq," Issa said in his letter.
	siliconvalley.internet.com /news/article.php/2171271 (778 words)

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