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	Code Excited Linear Prediction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		CELP stands for Code Excited Linear Prediction and is a speech coding algorithm originally proposed by M.R. Schroeder and B.S. Atal in 1984.
		The main principle behind CELP is called Analysis-by-Synthesis (AbS) and means that the encoding (analysis) is performed by perceptually optimising the decoded (synthesis) signal in a closed loop.
		In theory, the best CELP stream would be produced by trying all possible bit combinations and selecting the one that produces the best-sounding decoded signal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/CELP (526 words)

	U.S. Patent: 5173941 - Reduced codebook search arrangement for CELP vocoders - December 22, 1992
		CELP coded signal 104 is sent via transmission path or channel 106 to CELP decoder 300 where facsimile 302 of original speech signal 102 is reconstructed by synthesis.
		CELP decoder 300 is frequently referred to as a synthesizer because its function is to recreate output synthesized speech 302 based on incoming CELP coded signal 104.
		CELP decoder 300 is conventional and is not a part of the present invention and will not be discussed further.
	www.everypatent.com /comp/pat5173941.html (6310 words)

	Define CELP - Code Excited Linear Prediction
		CELP coding, at 4800 bps, breaks the performance barrier of most Government standards, providing Consortium ratings of "very good" intelligibility and "excellent" quality, comparable to 32,000 bps (CVSD).
		Like all vector quantization techniques, CELP coding is a frame-oriented technique that breaks a sampled input signal into blocks of samples (i.e., vectors) that are processed as one unit.
		CELP coding is based on analysis-by-synthesis search procedures, perceptually weighted vector quantization (VQ), and linear prediction (LP).
	birds-eye.net /definition/c/celp-code_excited_linear_prediction.shtml (965 words)

	CELP-Clean, Flowing Waters for Washington (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		CELP is Washington's only water "watchdog." We take action through government oversight, research, education, and litigation to leave a legacy of clean, flowing water in Washington's rivers and streams for use and enjoyment by all.
		The Massive Water Loss bill: CELP takes a look forward and back at Municipal Water Law bill 1338.
		CELP's Annual Benefit Auction will be held on Oct. 6, 2006 at the Mount Baker Community Club.
	www.celp.org (272 words)

	Maryland Energy Administration - State / Local Government Programs - Community Energy Loan Program - Application
		CELP is a revolving loan fund designed to assist local government and nonprofit organizations with funds for energy conservation improvements.
		If the CELP request and anticipated additional resources are insufficient to complete your proposed project, use this area to describe why the project will not be completed with approval of this application.
		I certify that the submission of this application for funds from the Community Energy Loan Program (CELP) is authorized under local law and that the applicant possesses legal authority to carry out the CELP activities in accordance with applicable law and regulations of the Maryland Energy Administration and the State of Maryland.
	www.energy.state.md.us /programs/government/communityenergyloan_app.htm (2369 words)

	Hybrid Codecs
		This meant the complexity of the original CELP codec was much too high for it to be implemented in real-time - it took 125 seconds of Cray-1 CPU time to process 1 second of the speech signal.
		Several important speech coding standards have been defined based on the CELP principle, for example the American Department of Defence (DoD) 4.8 kbits/s codec, and the CCITT low-delay 16 kbits/s codec.
		The CELP codec structure can be improved and used at rates below 4.8 kbits/s by classifying speech segments into one of a number of types (for example voiced, unvoiced and transition frames).
	www-mobile.ecs.soton.ac.uk /speech_codecs/hybrid.html (1797 words)

	China Executive Leadership Programs
		CELP (formerly the China Management Program) was founded in 1993 as part of the Executive Development Center in the College of Commerce and Business Administration.
		CELP programs on the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign campus include lectures; seminars; visits to U.S. corporations, financial institutions and government agencies; tours of university facilities; and other special activities.
		CELP participants receive top-notch, practical training in their fields and benefit immensely from cross-cultural interactions with professors, U.S. business people and government officials as well as fellow UIUC students.
	www.ips.uiuc.edu /celp (562 words)

	MPEG-4 CELP Standard (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Optimizations resulting from a knowledge of the particular type of signal that will be encoded allow MPEG-4 CELP to achieve better compression than can be obtained from a general audio coder when used to encode speech.
		MPEG-4 CELP operates in a narrowband (8 kHz sample rate) or a wideband mode (16-kHz sample rate) in order to achieve bit rates in the range of 4 to 12 kbps for a narrowband configuration, or approximately 11 to 24 kbps in a wideband configuration.
		In addition, MPEG-4 CELP supports scalable coding that allows multiple low bit-rate streams to be embedded in a single stream such that a lower quality rendering can be played back if the full rate bitstream is not completely available.
	www.vialicensing.com /products/mpeg4celp/standard.html (181 words)

	Low Complexity CELP Speech Coder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Code excited linear predictive (CELP) coding is a well-known technique that synthesizes speech using encoded excitation information to excite a linear predictive coding (LPC) filter.
		A large number of computations must be performed--the initial versions of CELP required approximately 500 million multiply-add operations per second for a 4.8 kbps voice encoder.
		Since the original appearance of CELP coders, the goal has been to reduce the computational complexity of the codebook search so that the number of instructions to be processed can be handled by inexpensive digital signal processing chips.
	www.isr.umd.edu /ISR/accomplishments/007_CELP (1023 words)

	CELP - Our Staff
		As a CELP director Travis heads up the garden project and the sustainable living programming as well as working with staff, students, chaperones and volunteer groups.
		She came to CELP in September 2001 and has worked as a CELP Instructor and as a Senior Instructor.
		For the Ambassadors of the Environment program, of which CELP is a part, we have designed a truly innovative educational experience designed to meet these goals and at the same time give young people a chance to have fun and connect with nature, away from clutter and clatter of modern life.
	www.celp.net /staff.html (571 words)

	The 4.8 kbits/s DoD CELP Codec (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		For details of CELP codecs see the description of the hybrid class of codecs.
		The DoD CELP codec divides the speech it is to code into 30ms frames, each of which is further divided into four 7.5 ms sub-frames.
		For each frame the encoder calculates a set of 10 filter coefficients for the short term synthesis filter which is used to model the vocal tract of the speaker.
	www-mobile.ecs.soton.ac.uk /speech_codecs/standards/dod_celp.html (289 words)

	CELP
		Codebook Excited Linear Prediction (CELP) synthesis starts with an excitation using a signal obtained from a codebook of signals.
		The excitation signal is fed into a long-term (pitch) filter followed by a short-term (LPC) filter and a short-term pole-zero post filter with adaptive spectral tilt compensation.
		The transmitter's CELP analyzer contains a replica of the receiver's synthesizer (minus the post filter) that, in the absence of transmission errors, generates speech identical to the receiver's.
	www.arcon.com /ddvpc/test/DDVPC/SpeechCoders/celp.htm (679 words)

	[M4IF Technotes] What does AMR stand for? / Where's CELP
		/ Where's CELP > Regarding CELP, my interpretation is that low > bitrate speech codecs are most useful in the mobile > space, due to the low bandwidth and the fact that > 2-way speech communication is a core application.
		My understanding is that AMR has a great advantage over CELP for mobile communications, which is that it is _adaptive_ : CELP allows a constant bitrate while it is possible to adapt the audio bitrate of AMR to network conditions.
		Also, the AMR codec implementation (normalized in both the encoder and decoder) is very efficient, while CELP (in the VM) is significantly slower.
	lists.mpegif.org /pipermail/mp4-tech/2003-March/001867.html (401 words)

	Q3.1: Speech compression techniques (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The CELP family of coders compensates for the lack of quality of the simple LPC model by using more information in the excitation.
		Each of a set of codebook of excitation vectors is tried and the index of the one that best matches the original speech is transmitted.
		Most speech coding research is currently directed towards CELP coders.
	www.speech.cs.cmu.edu /comp.speech/Section3/Q3.1.html (449 words)

	Speech Compression
		The principle is similar to the 4.8 kbps CELP Coder except:
		This is a demonstration of five different speech compression algorithms (ADPCM, LD-CELP, CS-ACELP, CELP, and LPC10).
		CELP (4800 bps) This is speech compressed using the Code Excited Linear Prediction (CELP) scheme.
	www.data-compression.com /speech.html (940 words)

	[M4IF Technotes] What does AMR stand for? / Where's CELP
		So, > would it be the case that "adaptive" bit rate is only useful in certain > types of mobile communications - like packet based networks or > CDMA and not > TDMA networks.
		/ Where's CELP > > > > Regarding CELP, my interpretation is that low > > bitrate speech codecs are most useful in the mobile > > space, due to the low bandwidth and the fact that > > 2-way speech communication is a core application.
		> > My understanding is that AMR has a great advantage over CELP for mobile > communications, which is that it is _adaptive_ : CELP allows a constant > bitrate while it is possible to adapt the audio bitrate of AMR to network > conditions.
	lists.mpegif.org /pipermail/mp4-tech/2003-March/001872.html (478 words)

	Citations: The proposed Federal Standard 1016 4800 bps voice coder: CELP - Campbell, Tremain, Welch (ResearchIndex)
		A CELP coder does much more work than an LPC coder usually about an order of magnitude more computation but the result is a much higher quality resynthesis of the original sound.
		The implementation of the FIPS 1016 standard CELP system we are working on at CWI offers essentially the same quality as the 32 kBaud ADPCM coder but uses only 4.8 kBaud (the same as a speech LPC coder) A free implementation of a CELP coder (in C and FORTRAN) can be found in the....
		The U. DoD s Federal Standard 1016 based 4800 bps code excited linear prediction voice coder version 3.2 (CELP 3.2) Fortran and C simulation source codes are available for worldwide distribution at no charge (on DOS diskettes, but configured to compile on Sun SPARC stations) from: Bob....
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/128947/0 (2068 words)

	DDVPC - CELP
		The excitation signal is fed into a long-term (pitch) filter followed by a short-term (LPC) filter and a short-term pole-zero postfilter with adaptive spectral tilt compensation.
		The transmitter's CELP analyzer contains a replica of the receiver's synthesizer (minus the postfilter) that, in the absence of transmission errors, generates speech identical to the receiver's.
		This website is sponsored by ARCON Corporation for the DDVPC and as such must conform to DoD policies concerning websites.
	maya.arcon.com /ddvpc/celp.htm (693 words)

	lpc10 vs celp
		was wondering how CELP (the basic one) has improved
		LPC10 and CELP belong to different coding schemes, therefore their
		Thus, CELP is of higher quality than LPC10, but it needs
	www.dsprelated.com /groups/speechcoding/show/830.php (500 words)

	GDC CELP Voice Channel Modules (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Installed on a TMS or OCM, CELP modules provide compression ratios of up to 13 to 1.
		OVERVIEW The CELP (Codebook Excited Linear Predictive coding) voice channel modules bring superior quality voice plus an up to 13:1 compression ratio to General DataComm’s TMSTM (Transport Management System) and OCM (Office Communications Manager) products.
		As an option, the CELP modules can recognize and transmit facsimile signals uncompressed to remote CELP modules.
	www.data-connect.com /GDC_CELP.htm (215 words)

	Comp.dsp FAQ: DSP Algorithms
		The U.S. DoD's Federal-Standard-1016 based 4800 bps code excited linear prediction voice coder version 3.2 (CELP 3.2) Fortran and C simulation source codes are available for worldwide distribution (on DOS diskettes, but configured to compile on Sun SPARC stations) from NTIS and DTIC.
		FS-1016 CELP 3.2 may also be obtained from ftp://svr-ftp.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/comp.speech/coding/celp_3.2a.tar.Z.
		Additional information on CELP can also be found in the comp.speech FAQ.
	www.bdti.com /faq/2.htm (3691 words)

	Speech Processing (JHU 525.747)
		The importance of perceptual weighting and unimportance of SNR in 4800 bps CELP coding - let your ears be the judge (each file is 361 kB):
		FS-1016 CELP on the Motorola DSP56001 (comp.speech FAQ) (alternate)
		Request CELP, GSM, etc. Matlab code (see Painter and Spanias, A MATLAB Software Tool for the Introduction of Speech Coding Fundamentals in a DSP Course, ICASSP-96, p.
	www.apl.jhu.edu /Classes/525747/index.html (393 words)

	EIfEL endorses CeLP® - Training Press Releases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The Training Foundation and EIfEL have jointly announced that EIfEL certification is now available for candidates that successfully complete the necessary course of study and are awarded a CeLP® Certificate or Diploma by the UK Institute of IT Training.
		The CeLP® programme consists of some 300 learner hours of tutor-supported e-Learning and consists of twelve certificated courses aimed at five roles within the e-Learning field; tutor, trainer, developer, manager and consultant.
		By successfully completing further elective courses delegates may upgrade their certification to the CeLP® Diploma in e-Learning.
	www.trainingpressreleases.com /newsstory.asp?NewsID=900 (1135 words)

	CELP-Clean, Flowing Waters for Washington (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Membership is $35 per year (but many members give more as their means allow).
		Donate online to CELP through Network for Good who will direct your membership information and your donation to CELP.
		Write us: CELP, 2400 N. 45th Street, Suite 101, Seattle, WA, 98103.
	www.celp.org /you/joincelp.php (140 words)

	Hydrogenaudio Forums > Free download of MPEG4-CELP encoder ?
		I have tried the MPEG4-CELP encoder from from mpeg4 audio reference software to create MPEG4-CELP streams in MP4 fileformat,but they dont play on any players like philips-platform4,mpegable,quicktime.
		That is because those players don't support celp at all.
		Hi Actually i have tried playing some of the MP4 fileformat streams with Mpeg4-CELP in philips-platform4 player,and philips4-platform player does play these Mp4 fileformat stream with MPEG4-celp.
	www.hydrogenaudio.org /forums/lofiversion/index.php/t33829.html (416 words)

	SNP linked to Gene (geneID:1057) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		SNP are linked from gene CELP via the following methods:
		There is no gene model (contig mRNA transcript) for this gene.
		snp are mapped to the genomic region near CELP:
	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /SNP/snp_ref.cgi?locusId=1057 (38 words)

	CELP 3.2a & LPC-10 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The US Department of Defences's Federal-Standard-1016 based 4800 bps code excited linear prediction voice coder version 3.2a (CELP 3.2a).
		Here is a modified LPC-10 release that includes ANSI C source:
		Campbell, Joseph P. Jr., Thomas E. Tremain and Vanoy C. Welch, "The Federal Standard 1016 4800 bps CELP Voice Coder," Digital Signal Processing, Academic Press, 1991, Vol.
	www.speech.cs.cmu.edu /comp.speech/Section3/Software/celp-3.2a.html (291 words)

	Hawk Software - HawkVoice codecs
		Compression % is compared to 16 bit PCM.
		The CELP encoding performance listed shows figures from a codebook search of 32 up to the full 256 entries.
		Here are some performance results for fixed point codecs on a Pocket PC with a PXA250 400MHz X-Scale (ARM) CPU using the long 25 second voice sample above:
	www.hawksoft.com /hawkvoice/codecs.shtml (313 words)

	GeneCard for CELP
		Build 188 Homo sapiens), SAGE tags according to CGAP, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or EXPOLDB, and/or UniProt,
		Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays for CELP
		CELP for binary patterns associated with selected probe-sets
	www.genecards.org /cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=CELP (485 words)

	CELP coders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Next: Audio demonstration Up: Speech coding Previous: Backwards adaptation
		Code Excited Linear Prediction (CELP) coders are state-of-the-art in telephony coding:
		Apply a long term predictor to remove redundancies through periodicity
	svr-www.eng.cam.ac.uk /~ajr/SA95/node91.html (111 words)

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