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Topic: CGMP

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	cGMP Accumulation Induced by Hypertonic Stress in Dictyostelium discoideum -- Oyama 271 (10): 5574 -- Journal of ...
		The hypertonic stress-induced accumulation of cGMP was observed in a streamer F mutant (NP368) that lacks cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase.
		We tested the effect of K252a, a protein kinase inhibitor, and EDTA on the hypertonic stress-induced accumulation of cGMP, since K252a is an enhancer (27) and EDTA is a potential inhibitor (28) of the reducing reagent-induced accumulation of cGMP.
		The hypertonic stress-induced accumulation of total cGMP reaches a peak at 10-15 min, which is distinct from the receptor-mediated activation of guanylate cyclase that lasts 10 s(13, 14).
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/271/10/5574 (4121 words)

	Products: cGMP Assay Kit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Cellular cGMP is synthesized by soluble Guanylyl Cyclases and particulate Guanylyl cyclase, triggered by nitric oxide and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) binding respectively.
		The cGMP assay is a competitive immunoassay that uses Eu3+ cryptate-labeled anti-cGMP and XL665-labeled cGMP.
		The cGMP assay is extremely sensitive and has a large working range (0.5 - 500 nM) allowing the flexibility to use a wide range of cells per well.
	www.htrf-assays.com /products/gpcr/cgmp (502 words)

	CGMP Notes - March 2000
		This is a forum to hear and address your CGMP questions, update you on CGMP projects, and help you apply real life situations to existing policy and enforcement documents.
		CGMP regulations [21 CFR 211.42(d) and 211.46(d)] require separation of penicillins from non-penicillins during processing.
		For fundamental CGMP reasons and because of the difficulties in demonstrating and validating appropriate sampling and testing methodology for measuring cross-contamination, penicillin production should be performed in facilities separated from non-beta-lactam drug products and other beta-lactam drug products unless adequate separation is demonstrated.
	www.pharmquest.com /source/regulatory/cgmp/cgmp_march00.htm (2855 words)

	cGMP Notes, March 1999
		Note that at section 211.176 the CGMP regulations require that if a reasonable possibility exists that a non-penicillin drug product has been exposed to cross-contamination with penicillin, the non-penicillin product must be tested for the presence of penicillin and not marketed if detectable levels are found using the codified method.
		No and no! The CGMP regulations allow for the use of accelerated stability studies to project a tentative expiration dating period provided that full shelf-life stability studies are conducted to verify the tentative expiration dating period.
		This is a valuable exercise and a characteristic of CGMP that enables flexible application of CGMP intent/content as the manufacturer applies the rule to a variety of manufacturing situations.
	www.pharmcast.com /cGMPNotes/cgmpnotesmar99.htm (3703 words)

	cGMP Notes, September 1999
		Ultimately, provided that such CGMP requirements are met, firms are afforded the flexibility to select the material and grade which best satisfies the needs of their particular application.
		The CGMP regulations, at Section 211.101(a) require that a batch be formulated with the intent to provide not less than 100 percent of the labeled or established amount of active ingredient.
		The CGMP regulations, at section 211.186, require that the master record contain the weight or measure of each component, along with justifications for reasonable variations in the amount of components necessary for the dosage form's preparation.
	www.pharmcast.com /cGMPNotes/cgmpnotessept99.htm (3639 words)

	CGMP: Cisco Group Management Protocol Overview
		When CGMP is enabled, it automatically identifies the ports to which the CGMP-capable router is attached.
		CGMP is enabled by default and supports a maximum of 64 IP multicast groupregistrations.
		CGMP works in conjunction with IGMP messages to dynamically configure Cisco Catalyst switch ports so that IP multicast traffic is forwarded only to those ports associated with IP multicast hosts.
	www.javvin.com /protocolCGMP.html (390 words)

	Rapid nitric oxide-induced desensitization of the cGMP response is caused by increased activity of phosphodiesterase ...
		Rapid nitric oxide-induced desensitization of the cGMP response is caused by increased activity of phosphodiesterase type 5 paralleled by phosphorylation of the enzyme -- Mullershausen et al.
		The rapid desensitization of the cGMP response (Fig.
		Rapid desensitization of the nitric oxide receptor, soluble guanylyl cyclase, underlies diversity of cellular cGMP responses.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/155/2/271 (5341 words)

	THE cGMP-GATED CHANNEL OF PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS:
		The molecular properties of the channel complex and the possible role of Ca2+-calmodulin modulation of the channel during photoactivation and photorecovery is discussed in relation to the current mechanism of phototransduction in photoreceptor cells.
		In the absence of calmodulin, the channel in ROS membrane vesicles was observed to be cooperatively activated by cGMP with a Km of 19 M and a Hill coefficient of 3.7 for cGMP* (Figure 5).
		Modulation of the affinity of the channel for cGMP by Ca2+- calmodulin is analogous to modulation of the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen by changes in pH as defined by the Bohr effect.
	www.bbsonline.org /Preprints/OldArchive/bbs.neur3.molday.html (8629 words)

	Cyclic guanosine monophosphate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a second messenger derived from GTP.
		Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a cyclic nucleotide derived from guanosine triphosphate (GTP).
		cGMP is a common regulator of ion channel conductance, glycogenolysis, and cellular apoptosis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cyclic_guanosine_monophosphate (323 words)

	Clinical Services: cGMP Synthesis
		We are uniquely suited to handle your cGMP manufacturing needs seamlessly from grams to metric tons —- and through all phases of clinical trials —- without the need for technology transfer to another company.
		Our cGMP culture, procedures, and FDA-registered facilities are frequently audited by pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and their regulatory consultants, making us a tested and proven partner.
		cGMP manufacturing teams are led by experienced scientists, with a high proportion of Ph.D.s for early phase clinical work.
	www.albmolecular.com /clinical/cgmp.html (307 words)

	Human Drug CGMP Notes
		The Human Drug CGMP Notes is no longer being published.
		It was published from 1993-2003 as a periodic memo for FDA personnel intended to enhance field and headquarters communications on CGMP issues in a timely manner.
		Research, U.S. Editions published during 2001 to 2003 were distributed internally and only made publicly available by a Freedom of Information Act request.
	www.fda.gov /cder/dmpq/cgmpnotes.htm (167 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Regulation of PDE5 activity by cGMP binding and phosphorylation
		The amplitude and duration of the cGMP signal is controlled by cGMP-specific, cGMP-binding phosphodiesterase (PDE5), which is highly expressed in all types of smooth muscle and cerebellar Purkinje cells.
		Direct PDE5 activation upon cGMP binding to the regulatory GAF domain has been shown in a study of recombinant mouse PDE5 under conditions when the cGMP binding sites were partially or fully occupied.
		The effect of cGMP occupancy of the cGMP-binding sites on the PDE5 catalytic domain was disrupted by application of mouse monoclonal antibodies, generated against the GAF domain of PDE5 and capable of specific blocking of cGMP binding to the GAF A domain.
	www.biomedcentral.com /abstracts/CGMP/1/op029 (457 words)

	cGMP 1st International Conference
		None of these meetings have integrated all aspects of cGMP and many aspects of cellular cross-talk between different effectors have not been addressed at all.
		The present meeting willhopefully be the first of a series of meetings exclusively devoted to this exciting and important signaling molecule, addressing all recent advances in understanding guanylyl cyclase regulation, NO/sGC interactions, cGMP effector mechanisms and their pathophysiological and pharmacological implications.
		We are also pleased to offer the opportunity to explore the field of cGMP research in such a historical venue as Leipzig and invite you to join us during June 14-16, 2003.
	www.cyclicgmp.net /index_2003.html (314 words)

	Pharmaceutical Services Corporation - PSC - Biotech - Validation - compliance - cgmp
		We determine and monitor the cGMP compliance throughout the period of the contract laboratory activities.
		Compliance to cGMP is required for all testing activities associated with the manufacturer for human use.
		We provide guidance on how computer systems should be validated to meet cGMP requirements and/or provide highly independent audits to assure your computer systems are in compliance with the FDA requirements.
	www.biotech.com /cgmp.html (309 words)

	cGMP FDA 483 Inspection, Comments. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The cGMP-FDA483-inspection, Comments, are a bit disjointed, however they are judged to be of great importance and have generally come from FDA 483's, cGMP's or company audit reviews.
		All testing carried out using a sensor that does not have a current calibration certificate detailing that the standards used for calibration are traceable to national standards, will be considered adultered.
		During FDA and MHRA audits, regulators are asking for a written justification for the HEPA clean-filter pressure drop (PD).
	www.validation-online.net /cGMP-FDA-483-inspection.html (1444 words)

	Mechanisms associated with cGMP binding and activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase -- Wall et al. 100 (5): 2380 -- ...
		On saturation with cGMP, the radius of gyration of
		Binding of two cGMP molecules fully activates one molecule of PKG monomer.
		cGMP binding was sufficient to induce both elongation and activation.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/100/5/2380 (4259 words)

	Cisco - Multicast in a Campus Network: CGMP and IGMP Snooping
		CGMP was first implemented by Cisco to restrain multicast traffic in a L2 network.
		CGMP frames are Ethernet frames with the destination MAC address 01-00-0c-dd-dd-dd, and with a Subnetwork Access Protocol (SNAP) header with the value 0x2001.
		Static entries learned with CGMP are permanent, unless a spanning tree topology change occurs in the VLAN, or the router sends one of the last CGMP Leave messages in the previous table.
	www.cisco.com /warp/public/473/22.html (5758 words)

	cGMP for Quality Assurance and Quality Control of Pharmaceuticals, Biopharmaceuticals, and Biologics
		Regular training in the CGMPs is itself an FDA requirement: “Training in current good manufacturing practice shall be conducted by qualified individuals on a continuing basis and with sufficient frequency to assure that employees remain familiar with CGMP requirements applicable to them.” – 21 CFR 211.24(a).
		Day 1 provides a comprehensive introduction to international CGMPs and is also a good refresher for those already experienced in CGMP compliance.
		The importance of the Preamble to the U.S. CGMPs
	www.cfpie.com /showitem.aspx?productid=095 (964 words)

	cyclic GMP (cGMP) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP are second messengers that carry signals from the cell surface to proteins within the cell, and are found widely in eukaryotes.
		Frequently, they act to stimulate protein kinases, and they are rapidly broken down in cells (to terminate the signal) by enzymes called phosphodiesterases.
		Ultimately, the target of the cGMP pathway is the apical V-ATPase of the principal cell.
	www.mblab.gla.ac.uk /tubules/map/cgmp.html (208 words)

	cGMP Validation, L.L.C.
		cGMP Validation, L.L.C. is one of the largest full service validation/compliance firms in the USA offering services for the finished pharmaceutical, bulk pharmaceutical, biotechnology, medical device, and medical diagnostic industries.
		cGMP Validation is staffed with professionals of considerable experience within the pharmaceutical industries and educational disciplines including chemistry, microbiology, engineering, and pharmacy.
		cGMP Validation has document generation and field execution capabilities including ownership of test equipment required for field execution, as well as in-house procedures necessary to support field execution.
	www.pharmaceuticalonline.com /storefronts/cgmp.html (237 words)

	Mathematical modeling of the nitric oxide/cGMP pathway in the vascular smooth muscle cell -- Yang et al. 289 (2): H886 ...
		Mullershausen F, Russwurm M, Thompson WJ, Liu L, Koesling D, and Friebe A. Rapid nitric oxide-induced desensitization of the cGMP response is caused by increased activity of phosphodiesterase type 5 paralleled by phosphorylation of the enzyme.
		PDE5 is converted to an activated state upon cGMP binding to the GAF A domain.
		Role of cGMP versus 20-HETE in the vasodilator response to nitric oxide in rat cerebral arteries.
	ajpheart.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/289/2/H886 (5587 words)

	Effects of cGMP and sodium nitroprusside on odor responses in turtle olfactory sensory neurons -- Inamura et al. 275 ...
		Effects of cGMP and sodium nitroprusside on odor responses in turtle olfactory sensory neurons -- Inamura et al.
		The effects of cGMP and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on odor responses in isolated turtle olfactory neurons were examined.
		of phosphodiesterase, to 1 mM cGMP to inhibit phosphodiesterase
	ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/275/5/C1201 (3232 words)

	Renal Interstitial cGMP Mediates Natriuresis by Direct Tubule Mechanism -- Jin et al. 38 (3): 309 -- Hypertension
		the hypothesis that renal interstitial (RI) cGMP is natriuretic
		cGMP in the control of sodium excretion in vivo is not established.
		Compartmentalization of extracellular cGMP determines absorptive or secretory responses in the rat jejunum.
	hyper.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/38/3/309 (4129 words)

	cGMP Validation, Quality Professionals for Quality Clients
		cGMP Validation is one of the largest full service Validation consulting firms in the USA primarily involved in the preparation and execution of IQ, OQ, and PQ protocols and final reports for equipment, utility systems, laboratory instruments, processes, and computerized systems.
		cGMP Validation can perform individual tasks, or manage and staff large and complex validation projects from writing the Validation Master Plan to FDA approval.
		cGMP Validation owns most test equipment used during validation activities, including temperature mapping.
	www.cgmpvalidation.com /validation.php (113 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| cGMP regulates hematopoietic stem cell proliferation and differentiation
		cGMP regulates hematopoietic stem cell proliferation and differentiation
		cGMP has significant concentration-dependent effects on hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation which are opposite at low versus high concentrations.
		Data from VASP-deficient mice indicate that the cGMP-PK substrate VASP is a mediator of cGMP effects on cell proliferation and differentiation.
	www.biomedcentral.com /abstracts/CGMP/1/p0030 (455 words)

	Cisco - How CGMP Leave Processing Functions
		When a packet is identified as not being IGMP, it is forwarded to all router ports, but if a host is not locally connected to the switch where the HSRP routers are located, then unicast flooding can occur.
		IP multicast packets whose addresses map into the MAC address range between 01-00-5E-00-00-00 and 01-00-5E-00-00-FF are meant to traverse the local Layer 3 segment, and as such are not meant to be constrained by CGMP.
		A CAM entry for HSRP and CGMP (0100.5e00.0002) is mistakenly added to the CAM table.
	www.cisco.com /warp/public/cc/pd/iosw/prodlit/cgmp_an.htm (726 words)

	A definition of GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices) for Biotech and Pharmaceutical firms.
		CGMP are the Current Good Manufacturing Practices followed by the pharmaceutical and biotech firms to ensure that the products produced meet specific requirements for identity, strength, quality, and purity.
		CGMP regulations: Laws which can incur criminal penalties when they are not followed; for example:
		By the time a product reaches Phase III Clinical trials, GMPs are expected to be fully followed during manufacturing.
	www.gmpcompliance.net /CGMP_Defined/CGMP_Defined.htm (389 words)

	Differential Effects of cGMP Produced by Soluble and Particulate Guanylyl Cyclase on Mouse Ventricular Myocytes -- Su ...
		Intracellular cGMP is synthesized by guanylyl cyclases in response
		Once activated by cGMP, the cGMP protein kinase phosphorylates an array of target proteins, such as L-type Ca channel and phospholamban, which decreases the intracellular Ca level.
		Soluble guanylyl cyclase produced cGMP in the presence of nitric oxide, resulting in the possible accumulation of cGMP near myofilaments, some of whose components (e.g., troponins) may be phosphorylated by activated cGMP protein kinase (PKG) to blunt Ca sensitivity.
	www.ebmonline.org /cgi/content/full/230/4/242 (4174 words)

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