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Topic: CKM matrix

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	CERN Courier - LEP helps fill CKM matrix - IOP Publishing - article
		The CKM matrix owes its origins to the phenomenon of CP-violation, a subtle difference between Nature's treatment of matter and antimatter.
		To a good approximation, the CKM elements on the diagonal, which relate quarks of the same family, up and down, charm and strange, and top and bottom, are expected to be close to one.
		Up to now, most CKM measurements have been made by studying the weak decays of quarks, but many have been hampered by the fact that it is generally not a quark which is observed to decay but a hadron.
	cerncourier.com /main/article/38/7/15 (744 words)

	Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A precise mathematical definition of this matrix is given in the article on the formulation of the standard model.
		This matrix was introduced for three generations of quarks by Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa, adding one generation to the matrix previously introduced by Nicola Cabibbo.
		On the left is the CKM Matrix along with a vector of strong force eigenstates of the quarks, and on the right is the weak force eigenstates of the quarks.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/CKM_matrix (840 words)

	Study of 14O as a test of the unitarity of the CKM matrix and the CVC hypothesis
		Nonunitarity of the CKM matrix could imply the existence of a fourth generation of quarks, right handed currents in the weak interaction, and/or new exotic fermions.
		Incorporating the new values for Vus of 0.2272 +- 0.0030 and Vub of 0.0035 +- 0.0015 the squared sum of the first row of the CKM matrix is 0.9999 +- 0.0017 which is consistent with unitarity.
		Jason Timothy Burke, "Study of 14O as a test of the unitarity of the CKM matrix and the CVC hypothesis" (June 1, 2004).
	repositories.cdlib.org /lbnl/LBNL-56278 (390 words)

	CKMfitter: talks
		" CP Violation and the CKM Matrix: Assessing the Impact of the
		"CP violation and the CKM matrix: assessing the impact of the B factories" (ppt)
		"CP Violation and the CKM matrix: Assessing the Impact of the Asymmetric B Factories" (pdf)
	www.slac.stanford.edu /xorg/ckmfitter/ckm_talks.html (405 words)

	CERN Courier - LEP helps fill CKM matrix - IOP Publishing - article
		The CKM matrix owes its origins to the phenomenon of CP-violation, a subtle difference between Nature's treatment of matter and antimatter.
		To a good approximation, the CKM elements on the diagonal, which relate quarks of the same family, up and down, charm and strange, and top and bottom, are expected to be close to one.
		Up to now, most CKM measurements have been made by studying the weak decays of quarks, but many have been hampered by the fact that it is generally not a quark which is observed to decay but a hadron.
	www.cerncourier.com /main/article/38/7/15 (744 words)

	CERN Courier - CERN workshop marks a transi - IOP Publishing - article
		The matrix should be unitary (a weakly decaying quark should transform into one of the other known quark flavours) and this unitarity condition leads to relationships between the elements of the matrix.
		The angles of its sides correspond to the phases of the matrix elements involved, and are directly related to the CP asymmetries that are predicted to occur in B decays.
		Relating measured quantities to the CKM matrix elements involves understanding how the quarks are bound into hadrons, since the couplings refer to quarks but the observed particles are hadrons.
	www.cerncourier.com /main/article/42/4/20 (1791 words)

	High Energy Physics - Advanced Physics Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The CKM matrix tells how the various flavors of up-type quark couple to the various flavors of down-type quark during weak interactions.
		The matrix is mostly diagonal, so up-down conversions usually stay within the same generation (up-down, charm-strange, top-bottom), but there is some mixing between the first two generations and a smaller mixing between the second two.
		Due to the CKM phase, the rate from one into the other is not exactly the same as the reverse process, which causes K-longs and K-shorts to mix.
	www.advancedphysics.org /forum/showthread.php?t=552 (479 words)

	Determination of CKM Matrix Elements with Superallowed Fermi Decays^. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)*
		Determination of CKM Matrix Elements with Superallowed Fermi Decays^*.
		The u-d element (V\rm_ud) of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) quark mixing matrix is a fundamental parameter of the Standard Model of Electroweak Interactions.
		The u-d element obtained from these measurements are in statistical agreement and the average value obtained implies a non-unitary CKM matrix, which if correct, would require exotic extensions to the Standard Model.
	flux.aps.org /meetings/BAPSDNP96/abs/S400004.html (272 words)

	CP Violation
		All of the possible transitions of this type can be represented by a matrix of numbers, known as the CKM matrix (there are only four independent parameters in the matrix).
		The CKM matrix has a property known as unitarity due to the physical properties it represents.
		With the combination of both, we cover nearly all of the matrix and should be able to check all of the matrix relationships.
	universe-review.ca /R02-14-CPviolation.htm (1553 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The triumph of the Standard Model is that it predicts a set of relationships between the nine elements of the CKM matrix and it predicts that they include properties that result in CP violation.
		The CP violation is related to the fact that the matrix elements include imaginary numbers.
		If we look at enough decays that involve the different matrix elements, we can see whether the relationships are true.
	www.physics.uc.edu /~kayk/cpviol/CP_A3b.html (282 words)

	CERN Courier - In hot pursuit of CP violati - IOP Publishing - article
		In this hypothesis, which was proposed by N Cabibbo in 1963, the quantum states of quarks with definite mass are mixtures of the states that the weak interaction "sees".
		With only four quarks, the rotation matrix that transforms one set of quark states into the other is restricted to real numbers and cannot accommodate CP violation.
		With six quarks, the rotation matrix, now known as the CabibboKobayashiMaskawa (CKM) matrix, can have a physical phase that is a complex number, and this could account for the CP violation observed in neutral K-mesons.
	www.cerncourier.com /main/article/39/5/14 (886 words)

	ILL : ANNUAL REPORT 2001
		Unitarity requires that the sum of the squares of the matrix elements for each row and column is unity.
		A violation of unitarity in the first row of the CKM matrix is a challenge to the three generation Standard Model.
		, the first element of the CKM matrix, has been derived from neutron decay experiments in such a way that an unitarity test of the CKM matrix can be performed based solely on particle physics data.
	www.ill.fr /AR-01/p-78.htm (977 words)

	The Strange Flavor of Quarks [PSC]
		Named for three physicists, Cabibbo, Kobayashi and Maskawa, CKM matrix elements are of great interest to contemporary physics.
		The question — "weak decay" — is one of the places where QCD calculations are crucial to determining CKM matrix elements.
		The CKM matrix elements represent a key that may unlock the next layer of mystery.
	www.psc.edu /science/2002/milc/strange_flavor_of_quarks.html (1961 words)

	CKMfitter: home
		A global analysis of measurements determining the CKM matrix parameters in the framework of the Standard Model and its extensions.
		Graphical and numerical constraints on CKM matrix elements, predictions on rare K and B meson decays, theoretical parameters, etc.
		A userfriendly environment on the basis of program driving datacards.
	ckmfitter.in2p3.fr (164 words)

	Jose Ocariz: CKM 2005
		Last week I was in San Diego for the CKM 2005 workshop.
		The first CKM workshop was at CERN back in 2002.
		I unfortunately missed the second meeting, held in Durham in 2003, so I was quite excited of attending this one, as we have learned so much about the CKM matrix in these last years, in particular through the BaBar and Belle experiments, that are producing many interesting results since 1999.
	qd.typepad.com /15/2005/03/ckm_2005_1.html (387 words)

	CP Violation in the B-system
		There are several (approximate) parameterisations of the CKM matrix, one of the more popular approaches is that of Wolfenstein [
		The 18 parameters of the CKM matrix can be reduced to 4 because of the unitarity constraints and the arbitrary nature of the relative quark phases [
		Unfortunately additional decay diagrams contribute to the other channels listed in eqn(3) so there is no longer a complete cancellation of the hadronic matrix elements in the CP asymmetry.
	ppewww.ph.gla.ac.uk /preprints/1997/09/cpviol_glas/node1.html (465 words)

	symmetry - December 2005/January 2006 - deconstruction: unitary triangle
		The rates of these decay processes are related to a set of numbers called the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix, named for the three physicists who introduced it.
		The CKM matrix gives rise to CP violation, the subtle difference between matter and antimatter.
		The area of the triangle is a measure of the amount of CP violation caused by the weak force.
	www.symmetrymag.org /cms/?pid=1000235 (730 words)

	Search for EDM in atoms, molecules and the neutron. CP and T Violation in atomic physics.
		In a general field theory, CP violation is caused by the presence of a complex phase between different fundamental fields.
		Although the CP violation is explained naturally by the CKM matrix, it is not possible at present to check the self-consistency of this explanation.
		These estimates indicate that if the only source of CP violation is in the CKM matrix, the baryon asymmetry is smaller than the observed value by many orders of magnitude.
	www.phys.washington.edu /users/wcgriff/romalis/EDM (1319 words)

	Physics Today May 2001
		(The designation d refers to the first-generation down quark that inhabits the proton and neutron.) Extracting the various CKM matrix elements from a great variety of experiments is a difficult experimental and theoretical business.
		The error bars in both experiments are still too large for a meaningful comparison with the standard-model prediction from the CKM matrix elements.
		As the measurements of the CP-violating asymmetries on the one hand, and the direct determinations of the relevant CKM matrix elements on the other, become increasingly precise, a persistent discrepancy between these two approaches would be evidence for new physics beyond the standard model.
	www.physicstoday.org /pt/vol-54/iss-5/p17.html (1585 words)

	neutrinos
		Besides the masses of the neutrinos, it's the numbers in this matrix that describe the phenomenon of neutrino oscillations in the New Standard Model.
		so close that we're still not 100% sure that this matrix is the complete explanation of the difference between future and past in the standard model.
		The Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata matrix is much less well known, since our only source of information about it is neutrino oscillation experiments, which are very hard to do.
	math.ucr.edu /home/baez/neutrinos.html (1159 words)

	Citebase - CKM Matrix: Present and Future (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Authors: Buras, Andrzej J. We review the present status of the CKM matrix and we offer some visions of its future.
		After a brief presentation of the theoretical framework for weak decays we discuss the following topics: i) CKM matrix from tree level decays, ii) Standard analysis of the unitarity triangle, iii) CKM matrix from rare and CP violating K- and B-decays, iv) CKM matrix from CP violation in two-body B-decays.
		In particular we compare the CKM potentials of the standard analysis of the unitarity triangle, of the very clean K --> πνν decays and of CP asymmetries in B-decays.
	citebase.eprints.org /cgi-bin/citations?id=oai:arXiv.org:hep-ph/9711217 (186 words)

	The CDF Group at Carnegie Mellon
		The principal interest in studying B hadrons in the context of the Standard Model arises from the fact that B hadron decays provide valuable information on the weak mixing matrix, the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix.
		The matrix used to transform between these bases is called the CKM matrix.
		In fact, measurements of B hadron decay rates, as well as observation of BB= mixing, allow the determination of five of the nine CKM matrix elements.
	www-hep.phys.cmu.edu /cdf (391 words)

	Rob Gardner: Wisconsin Wanderings and the CKM Matrix
		The Cabibbo matrix -- or its generalized form, the CKM (Cabibbo, Kobayashi, Maskawa) matrix -- reflects our understanding of how three generations of quark doublets couple to each other, and how physical particles mix.
		Phenomena of particle/antiparticle mixing is controlled by the CKM matrix.
		To give you an idea of how important this thing is, there's an entire industry devoted to measuring its parameters.
	qd.typepad.com /36/2005/07/wisconsin_wande.html (761 words)

	CKM Matrix (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The CKM quark mixing matrix is the transformation between the strong interaction quark eigenstates
		A test of the unitarity of the CKM matrix would serve to limit certain extensions to the current Standard Model of elementary particles.
		is equal to unity, then the matrix is unitary.
	pibeta.web.psi.ch /docs/publications/penny_diss/node4.html (161 words)

	The CKM matrix and B physics
		A review of present information on the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix, describing weak charge-changing transitions among quarks, is presented.
		Using data on B-B mixing and CP-violating K-K mixing, the author obtains regions of allowed parameters for elements of the CKM matrix.
		Finally, some preliminary results are presented of attempts to construct models of the CKM matrix.
	stacks.iop.org /0954-3899/18/1575 (240 words)

	Renormalization of the CKM matrix at one-loop level
		Renormalization of the CKM matrix at one-loop level
		Based on one prescription which is formulated by comparing with the fictitious case of no mixing of quark generations, we propose a new prescription which can make the physical amplitude involving quark mixing gauge independent and ultraviolet finite.
		Through analytical calculations we also give a strong proof for the important hypothesis that in order to keep the CKM matrix gauge independent the unitarity of the CKM matrix must be preserved.
	stacks.iop.org /0954-3899/30/491 (270 words)

	CP and CPT Violation
		The CKM matrix and CP violation (in the continuum approximation),
		CP Violation in B Decays and the CKM Matrix,
		Workshop on the CKM Unitarity Triangle, IPPP Durham, April 2003.
	www.nu.to.infn.it /CPT (2522 words)

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