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Topic: COBE

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	COBE Cardiovascular - Company Overview
		COBE Cardiovascular, founded in 1964, is a member of the Sorin group of companies dedicated to delivering therapeutic solutions in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
		COBE Laboratories, Inc. was founded in 1964 by Bob Collins and Ran Bellows.
		At this time, the cardiovascular division of COBE Laboratories, Inc. was transformed into COBE Cardiovascular.
	www.cobecv.com /cobecv.htm (711 words)

	Virtual Adoptions: Cobe
		Cobe was brought to PAW as a 5 week old puppy, along with his mother.
		Cobe, today, at four years old, remains fearful of strangers, but he is a most wonderful, playful, and loving dog with people that he has learned to trust.
		When Cobe came in and laid down, I got down on the floor with him and talked soothingly and said everything will be OK. And it was then when my wrist touched his hind leg that I felt the ice cold paw on my wrist.
	www.paw-rescue.org /VA/va_cobe.html (912 words)

	The End of NASA's COBE Mission
		COBE was born more than 25 years ago, and despite a troubled childhood when it was passed from a Shuttle to an Atlas launch vehicle, it managed to arrive at adulthood soon after launch on November, 1989.
		COBE was the prodigal son, always keeping in constant contact with its parents, and only occasionally asking for more money to continue its mission.
		COBE joins the ranks of many NASA and science programs where large groups of scientists must blend their egos and personal agendas together to acheive a common goal that is greater than any single one by an individual.
	www.astronomycafe.net /guide/cobeend.html (1435 words)

	The Digital Age : COBE (Site not responding. Last check: )
		COBE was launched in 1989 to study the cosmic background radiation, the fading flash from the big bang.
		COBE verified their predictions about the intensity and spectrum of the background radiation.
		Astronomers used COBE data to produce a map of the Universe that portrays the cosmic background radiation across the entire sky.
	www.nasm.si.edu /exhibitions/gal111/universe/etu/html/digital_age/big_bang/cobe.html (184 words)

	WakeWorld -- News
		Despite his sudden lack of a board sponsor, Cobe has not taken the opportunity to jump from O'Brien and is sticking by them while they wrestle with an ownership change.
		Cobe's bad luck continued with the recent announcement of Tige Boats' 2003 team riders, which produced a list that was missing his name, a name that has become synonymous with the Tige name over the years.
		Although Cobe has indeed split from Tige, he's reported that the departure was an amicable one.
	www.wakeworld.com /news/2003/cobe1.asp (322 words)

	COBE: Revealing Secrets of the Big Bang (Site not responding. Last check: )
		COBE's first test of the theory showed that 99.97 percent of the energy of the Universe was released in the first year after the Big Bang.
		COBE's second test of the Big Bang theory found the reason why the Universe is composed of clusters of galaxies separated by vast stretches of empty space.
		COBE verified this scenario by detecting the tiny temperature differences that linger as evidence of the irregularities in the initial explosion that began our Universe.
	www.gsfc.nasa.gov /gsfc/spacesci/sentinel/cobe.htm (350 words)

	Small Business Association - Start Your Own Buisness Today.
		Creating Opportunities for Black Enterprises (COBE) is the leading business benefits and resources provider for African American business owners.
		COBE makes it easy to get started and access all of your benefits 24hrs a day, 365 days a year.
		COBE provides each new member with access to the online member center and a toll free number for each benefit that we offer.
	www.cobeonline.com (165 words)

	COBE - Cosmic Background Explorer
		NASA's COBE (Cosmic Bakground Explorer) satellite was developed to measure the diffuxe infrared and cosmic microwave background radiation from the early Universe to the limits set by our astrophysical environment.
		A large number of people were involved at various stages in the COBE project.
		NASA was responsibile for the development of the COBE satellite and mission operations.
	aether.lbl.gov /www/projects/cobe (520 words)

	COBE
		The Cosmic Background Explorer's observations of diffuse cosmic background radiation helped answer basic questions such as whether the matter in the universe was homogeneously distributed, whether the universe was uniformly expanding and rotating, and how and when stars and galaxies first formed.
		Originally planned for launch on the Shuttle, COBE was redesigned for launch aboard a Delta 2 following the Challenger disaster.
		COBE's supply of liquid helium was exhausted in September 1990, causing loss of the FIRAS instrument.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/cobe.htm (352 words)

	COBE team wins cosmology prize (August 2006) - News - PhysicsWeb
		The prize was given to John Mather and 18 other members of the COBE science working group for their groundbreaking studies of the cosmic microwave background, which confirmed that the universe was created in the Big Bang and shed light on its subsequent structure.
		Launched in 1989, the COBE satellite was designed to measure minute variations in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) in different parts of the sky.
		The COBE team, led by George Smoot at the University of California at Berkeley and Chuck Bennett at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, was the first to detect these variations in 1992.
	www.physicsweb.org /articles/news/10/8/11/1 (429 words)

	Baxter v. Cobe
		COBE filed a motion for summary judgment of invalidity, asserting that there were no genuine issues of material fact and that the claimed invention had been in public use before the critical date.
		COBE argues that the fact that Suaudeau was not acting under the direction or control of the inventor also precludes a conclusion of experimental use.
		In addition, COBE argues that any testing of the invention by Suaudeau was for his own purposes and that Suaudeau was not experimenting with the claimed invention on behalf of the inventor.
	www.ll.georgetown.edu /federal/judicial/fed/opinions/95opinions/95-1407.html (4629 words)

	COBE Summary
		COBE is most famous for the data produced by FIRAS and DMR regarding the cosmic microwave background.
		COBE was originally planned to be launched on a Space Shuttle in 1988, but the Challenger explosion delayed this plan when the Shuttles were grounded.
		COBE would have to operate for a minimum of 6 months, and constrain the amount of radio interference from the ground, COBE and other satellites as well as radiative interference from the Earth, Sun and Moon (Boggess, 1992).
	www.bookrags.com /COBE (2790 words)

	Smoot Cosmology Group
		The COBE DMR maps reveal the Universe when it was roughly 300,000 years old (past the beginning of the Big Bang and time as we understand it).
		Second, the COBE DMR showed that the typical amplitude of these fluctuations was essentially independent of their physical size.
		Finally, the COBE DMR discovery of variations not only meant that many of these theories are supported by the data, but also indicated that further, more precise observations in terms of angular resolution would provide signals to see and theories to be developed (the DMR beam size was roughly 7-degrees).
	cosmos.lbl.gov /cobe.html (1635 words)

	LBL Physicist Discovers Fossil Relics of Early Universe (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Smoot's COBE team is a large collaboration involving participants from LBL, the University of California at Berkeley, the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, UCLA, MIT, and Princeton.
		Scientists say the age of the universe that the COBE maps record is determined, even dictated, simply by the selection of the wavelengths and the temperature of radiation that the DMR targets.
		Smoot explains that the fluctuations COBE measured are "scale invariant." That is, no matter whether the scale observed is very small or very large, hot and cold regions were detected and the variations in temperature between them remain the same.
	www.lbl.gov /Science-Articles/Archive/cobe-discovery.html (3343 words)

	NASA - NASA and COBE Scientists Win Top Cosmology Prize
		COBE was built by NASA Goddard and launched in 1989 to measure microwave and infrared light from the early universe.
		COBE determined that the cosmic microwave background, which is essentially the afterglow of the Big Bang, has a temperature of 2.725 +/- 0.002 Kelvin, or about minus 455 degrees Fahrenheit.
		The COBE mission ended in 1994 and carried three instruments: The Far Infrared Absolute Spectrophotometer (FIRAS) measured the temperature and spectrum of the cosmic microwave background.
	www.nasa.gov /centers/goddard/news/topstory/2006/gruber_award_prt.htm (548 words)

	REEF > TEAM > COBE MIKACICH (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Cobe is still working as hard today as he was 9 years ago to help grow the sport.
		Riders look up to Cobe because of his ability to kill it on and off the water.
		Cobe is a sponsors dream when it comes to being a good representative.
	www.reefbrazil.com /teambio/global/wake/44 (103 words)

	CloudSat (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Cryogenic hardware built by Ball Aerospace aboard the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) was instrumental in taking measurements that confirmed the Big Bang theory of the universe and deepened understanding of the origin of galaxies and stars.
		COBE was characterized as a “doughnut shaped thermos bottle,” tank to house and chill the infrared sensors below the temperature of the radiation they were designed to detect.
		The COBE project gave strong support for the Big Bang theory because it is the only scenario that predicts the kind of cosmic microwave radiation measured by the satellite.
	www.ball.com /aerospace/cobe.html (320 words)

	REEF > TEAM > COBE MIKACICH (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Cobe is still working as hard today as he was 9 years ago to help grow the sport.
		Riders look up to Cobe because of his ability to kill it on and off the water.
		Cobe is a sponsors dream when it comes to being a good representative.
	www.reef.com /teambio/global/wake/44 (103 words)

	Rummet.dk - COBE-satellitten (Site not responding. Last check: )
		COBE's kryostat (Helium Dewar) var ved opsendelsen fyldt med 650 liter superflydende helium, der ved langsom fordampning holdt DIRBE og FIRAS instrumenterne nedkølet til 1,6 K. Det medbragte helium var ca.
		Det var oprindeligt planen at opsende COBE med en Delta-raket, men under designfasen blev det besluttet i stedet at bruge rumfærgen, da den på dette tidspunkt var blevet NASA's standard-opsendelsesfartøj.
		COBE's kredsløb gjorde det muligt at næsten helt at undgå, at satellitten fik direkte sollys på dens videnskabelige instrumenter.
	www.rummet.dk /1fd000c (1074 words)

	Smoot Cosmology Group
		NASA's COBE (Cosmic Background Explorer) satellite was developed to measure the diffuse infrared and cosmic microwave background radiation from the early Universe to the limits set by our astrophysical environment.
		Extensive information about the COBE mission, including much information about the three experiments on board, is available by clicking on more COBE information or through NASA.
		NASA was responsible for the development of the COBE satellite and mission operations.
	cosmos.lbl.gov /cobehome.html (500 words)

	COBE (Cosmic Background Explorer)
		Its historic discovery of "cosmic ripples" – tiny fluctuations in the temperature of the cosmic microwave background – was announced in 1992.
		COBE also mapped interstellar and interplanetary dust clouds.
		COBE’s supply of liquid helium was exhausted in September 1990, causing loss of the FIRAS instrument.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/C/COBE.html (201 words)

	COBE (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Para COBE la Galaxia es una señal que confunde los datos que realmente se quieren estudiar, que son los datos de la radiación de fondo.
		Volviendo a los datos del COBE, la desviación estándar de los valores de la temperatura de la RCF resulta ser de 44 ± 7 microKelvin, lo cual es mucho mayor a lo esperado si los mapas consistieran del solo ruido del aparato.
		A partir de los datos del COBE se ha podido medir la amplitud de las fluctuaciones primordiales (lo cual se expresa normalmente en términos del valor medio del cuadripolo que es de 17 microKelvin) y la forma del espectro de las fluctuaciones primordiales.
	home.earthlink.net /~umuri/_/Main/B_cobe.html (4949 words)

	COBE team wins cosmology prize (August 2006) - News - PhysicsWeb
		The prize was given to John Mather and 18 other members of the COBE science working group for their groundbreaking studies of the cosmic microwave background, which confirmed that the universe was created in the Big Bang and shed light on its subsequent structure.
		Launched in 1989, the COBE satellite was designed to measure minute variations in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) in different parts of the sky.
		The COBE team, led by George Smoot at the University of California at Berkeley and Chuck Bennett at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, was the first to detect these variations in 1992.
	physicsweb.org /articles/news/10/8/11/1 (429 words)

	Blackbody Radiation
		The discovery of the 3K microwave background radiation was one of the crucial steps leading to the calculation of the standard "Big Bang" model of cosmology, its role being that of providing estimates of relative populations of particles and photons.
		The COBE satellite has discovered fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background radiation with the use of a differential microwave radiometer.
		The data from COBE have been so precise that it has discovered fluctuations in that radiation which are important to big bang cosmological calculations.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/bkg3k.html (947 words)

	NASA and COBE Scientists Win Top Cosmology Prize
		COBE was built by NASA Goddard and launched in 1989 to measure microwave and infrared light from the early universe.
		COBE determined that the cosmic microwave background, which is essentially the afterglow of the Big Bang, has a temperature of 2.725 +/- 0.002 Kelvin, or about minus 455 degrees Fahrenheit.
		Steven Hawking, independent of the COBE team, called these variations "the most important discovery of the century, if not of all time." The COBE mission ended in 1994 and carried three instruments: The Far Infrared Absolute Spectrophotometer (FIRAS) measured the temperature and spectrum of the cosmic microwave background.
	www.prnewswire.com /cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/08-15-2006/0004416501&EDATE= (577 words)

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