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Topic: COSMAC ELF

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ELF II

CDP1802

Microprocessor

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	elf resource page - elves
		The elf makes many appearances in ballads of English and Scottish origin, as well as folk tales, many involving trips to Elphame or Elfland (the ГЃlfheim of Norse mythology), a mystical realm which is sometimes an eerie and unpleasant place.
		According to Tolkien's Letters, a slain Elf's spirit simply returns to physical life, in an exact duplicate of his/her former body, after an indefinite period of meditation and self-reflection within the Halls of Mandos; which is elven Elysium within the "Undying Lands" of Amon.
		Deedlit, the female elf from the Dungeons and Dragons inspired anime series Record of Lodoss War, is an example of a modern fantasy elf.
	www.econemisis.com /Duk-to-Eli/elf.php (5076 words)

	COSMAC ELF - A Piece of Microcomputer History
		The COSMAC ELF was conceived as a hobbyist computer, as bare-bones as any of the day.
		In July of 1977 Weisbecker added graphics to the ELF using RCA's 1861 "PIXIE" graphics chip.
		This odd little beast had a resolution of 64 bits wide by 128 bits high, and interfaced to the 1802 by its interrupt line, one of the 1802's four "external flag" input lines, and the 1802's version of DMA.
	homepage.mac.com /ruske/cosmacelf/history1.htm (273 words)

	RCA 1802
		The RCA (CDP)1802 (aka RCA COSMAC, COSMAC* 1802) is an 8-bit CMOS microprocessor (ВµP) introduced by RCA in early 1976, and presently being manufactured by Harris Semiconductor.
		A number of early microcomputers were based on the 1802, including the COSMAC ELF, COSMAC VIP, ELF II, and SuperELF, as well as the RCA Studio II video game console (one of the first consoles to use bitmapped graphics).
		Although the faster version of 1802 could operate at 5 MHz (at 5 V, faster at 10 V), it was usually operated at 3.58 MHz/2 to suit the requirements of the 1861 chip which gave a speed of a little over 100,000 instructions per second.
	www.mrsci.com /Microprocessors/RCA_1802.php (950 words)

	Article from Electronic Experimenter's Handbook, 1978 Edition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Whereas the original Elf used a pair of relatively expensive hexadecimal decoders/latch/readouts to monitor the data lines, Elf II uses a pair of conventional 7-segment LED displays to do the same thing.
		In contrast, Elf II incorporates a calculator-type hexadecimal keypad, which is much simpler to work with.
		Elf II's power supply uses an on-board bridge rectifier and filter that drives the 5-volt regulator IC (A18).
	penguincentral.com /retrocomputing/ElfII (1814 words)

	/dev/random » 2004 » May » 14
		Here’s an emulator for OS X. The ELF was based on RCA’s 1802 processor, a very simple low-power CMOS CPU.
		It featured 16 general purpose registers (16 bits each) and a very simple clean instruction set: the first 4 bits of each 8 bit opcode specified the operation and the last 4 bits specified the register to use, or in a few cases branch condition or other special instructions.
		The ELF was programmed via a hex keypad and it was fairly easy to hand-code machine language.
	mcdevzone.com /2004/05/14 (170 words)

	COSMAC Elf 2000
		Unlike the Altair, the Elf was a computer that everybody could afford, including, at that time, a poor high school student like me. A lot of people, including me, built a COSMAC Elf as their first computer and still have fond memories of toggling in little programs with the front panel switches.
		The good news about the COSMAC Elf was that the CDP1802 had a built in "loader" mode that allowed you to toggle in programs directly from the front panel with only eight switches and virtually no extra hardware.
		The Spare Time Gizmos’ COSMAC Elf 2000 is a reproduction of the original COSMAC Elf as published in the pages of Popular Electronics magazine, August 1976.
	www.sparetimegizmos.com /Hardware/Elf2K.htm (1683 words)

	Trade/Sale
		The first COSMAC and RCA's first microprocessor is the CDP1801 (and the world's 1st CMOS microprocessor).
		The COSMAC's that flew in space were space/radiation hardened versions using a CMOS/SOS chip technology.
		The COSMAC Elf was introduced as hobbyist's project computer in 1976 in a series of Popular Electronics magazine articles.
	www.antiquetech.com /forsale/CDP1801.htm (495 words)

	COSMAC ELF - A Piece of Microcomputer History
		This article by Martin Meyer seems as though it may have been the basis for the Netronics ELF II and possibly the Quest Electronics ELF as well, though I don't know that for certain.
		There's not much for information, but there is a nice picture of a Netronics ELF II with the optional cabinet and some expansion cards.
		The caption ("RCA COSMAC ELF") is somewhat misleading; some of the chips were manufactured by RCA, but that's definitely a Netronics machine.
	homepage.mac.com /ruske/cosmacelf/links.htm (1224 words)

	Brillowsky's Computer Museum - 1802
		Meet my first computer, a COSMAC ELF, handbuilt by yours truly in (gulp!) 1976, guided by a construction article in Popular Electronics magazine.
		I "maxed it out" by decoding all the address and data lines, along with all the internal status signals so I could truly see what was going on inside the CPU while it was running a program.
		The ELF was a great learning tool, allowing me to learn programming at the rawest machine code level, where everything is bits, baby, bits.
	www.morgus.com /elf (898 words)

	COSMAC Elf II - The Vintage Computer Forums
		Rare COSMAC ELF II Vintage Computer by Netronics, Circa late 1977 - 1978.
		Board has had no modifications and is still mounted on the original wooden wedges.
		Includes 2 out of three of the original Popular Electronics magazines in 1976 and 1977 describing the original COSMAC ELF.
	www.vintage-computer.com /vcforum/showthread.php?t=4383 (166 words)

	Great Microprocessors of the Past and Present (V 13.4.0)
		A later version, the 1804, was enhanced, adding several Forth language primitives (Forth is commonly used in control applications), and on-chip ROM and RAM (the 1805 and 1806 variants omit ROM or RAM).
		Apart from the COSMAC microcomputer kit, the 1802 saw action in some video games from RCA and Radio Shack, and the chip is the heart of the Voyager, Viking and Galileo (along with some AMD 2900 bit slice processors) probes.
		The processor itself didn't have an address bus - program and data memory access were contained in separate units, which reduced the number of pins, and the associated cost (though single-chip versions became available).
	www.cpushack.net /CPU/cpu2.html (2627 words)

	Cosmac elf - links, statistic, graphs @ Topsites111.com
		The total number of visitors that requested URL with query cosmac elf in a period of time starting January 1st and ending September 20th is 60
		The number of visitors with obsolete browsers that do not support modern technologies as Flash and others can help you to make the decision if you want to keep using these technologies or not.
		Keyword cosmac elf has following requests that are close by the frequency of use:
	www.topsites111.com /statistic/cosmac_elf.html (315 words)

	The Everett Kaser Software FAQ: Section [2.1]: History of Everett Kaser Software
		The model was the "Cosmac Elf," built around the RCA 1802 CMOS microprocessor.
		He started to design a machine constructed of discrete logic gates but realized that any usable array of cells was going to make it too expensive and impractical.
		So he built the Cosmac Elf and programmed his first game, a 32 by 32 version of the game of Life.
	www.rinkworks.com /eks/s/2.1.shtml (915 words)

	Build The COSMAC "ELF" Part 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The basic Elf has toggle-switch input, hex LED display, 256 bytes of RAM, four input lines and a latched output line.
		It can be used to play games, sequence lights, control motors, generate test pulses, count or time events, monitor intruder-alert devices, etc. You can do all these things while learning how to program in order to produce a "real" output to determine whether or not the program you designed works.
		The heart of the Elf microcomputer is the new RCA CDP1802 COSMAC microprocessor chip that sells for less than $30.
	incolor.inetnebr.com /bill_r/elf/html/elf-1-33.htm (372 words)

	The Machine Room :: RCA :: Cosmac ELF :: General (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The ELF was never actually produced by RCA.
		RCA wasn't one of them (they only made the CPU), but it wouldn't be fair to put the ELF under the name of any single company.
		The ELF is a single-board computer without such hindrances as cases and the like.
	www.machine-room.org /computers/316/general.html (453 words)

	Elf Computer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The project was a small experimenter computer based on the RCA1802 processor built from plans in the 1976 edition of Popular Electronics on the Cosmac ELF micro computer.
		I made a few minor changes to the project as far as addition of expansion connector and battery jack on back which allowed me to run the computer from a 9v battery.
		Finally at the bottom is the original advertisement for purchase of a complete ELF II computer from Netronics Research and Development who had a commercial version available for only $99.95!
	www.jitterjunction.com /firstcomputer.htm (344 words)

	Computer Simulators (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Introducing the one (and as far as I know, the only) COSMAC Elf microcomputer simulator!
		Comprehensive instructions, as well as links to more ELF and 1802 facts and trivia are included in the built-in help menu.
		Every so often when I need a quick hit of nostalgia, I fire up the Elf, the IMSAI, and the Altair all at the same time and just sit and watch the lights blink.
	incolor.inebraska.com /bill_r/computer_simulators.htm (301 words)

	C/PMuseum - Little Bits of Computing History
		In reading that magazine I started to see more and more advertisements and articles on the new “micro-computers”, and of course the landmark issue for me was August 1976 (which I didn’t even see until school started in September that year) whose cover article was “build your own computer for under $80”.
		Although I had nowhere near $80 to even get the parts, I was able to convince my parents to give me the (I think) $5.00 that it cost to get the manual for the 1802 processor, and I mailed away for it.
		The pinnacle accomplishment (other than my ELF) was the development with a friend, around 1979, of an S-100 COLOR video graphics card based on a newly released TI chip, for which we promptly wrote our very own rendition of the game Missile Command in 8080 assembler, and played it with great glee.
	www.cpmuseum.com /Info.aspx (1004 words)

	COSMAC Elf 2000 featured in Nuts&Volts Aug 06 \| Applefritter
		COSMAC Elf 2000 featured in Nuts&Volts Aug 06
		COSMAC Elf 2000 featured in Nuts&Volts Aug 06
		Nuts & Volts magazine (August 2006) just ran a construction article for a "replica" of the COSMAC Elf computer.
	www.applefritter.com /node/18871 (221 words)

	RCA COS/MAC Microprocessor Trainers
		The RCA CDP1802 COSMAC microprocessor is a one-chip CMOS 8-bit register-oriented central processing unit introduced in 1976.
		Fixed-Point Binary Arithmetic Subroutines for RCA COSMAC Microprocessors
		The new RCA COSMAC Microtutor II, preassembled and containing its own regulated power supply, is based on the RCA CDP1802 CMOS 8-bit microprocessor and supersedes the original Microtutor CDP18S011.
	www.decodesystems.com /cosmac (755 words)

	[No title]
		; Cosmac 4 ; Copyright: Eric F Tchong ; E-Mail: serenata@setarnet.aw ; ; Cosmac4: 100 levels.
		$ # #.# $ # #..##$$ ## #### # # ### #### ; Cosmac elf XVI #### ### #### ### $$ # # $ #$ # # # #### # # # $ $ ## # @$ ## # #### # # $ # ## ## $# # ##...
		# ##....## #..### #### ; Cosmac elf XVII #### ### #### ### $$ # # $ #$ # # # #### # # # $ $ ## # @$ ## # $####$# # $ # ## ## $#.
	www.sourcecode.se /sokoban/levtext.php?file=Cosmac4.slc (1667 words)

	COSMAC ELF (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Way back in the days when most microcomputers were beyond the means of all but the most dedicated hobbyists, Popular Electronics published in its August 1976 issue an article entitled 'Build the COSMAC "ELF": A Low-Cost Experimenter's Microcomputer'.
		I do have an 1861 video chip as was used in the revised (Part 4) design, but I wanted to build the original version.
		Another nice thing that happened after I first built it was that I located some authentic RCA CMOS logic ICs for a number of the types used in the ELF.
	www.jkearney.com /elf (316 words)

	RCA COSMAC 1802
		The COSMAC 1802 was RCA's first single chip microprocessor.
		The 1802 is a single chip implementation of the two chip 1801.
		It is no wonder that the COSMAC was the first microprocessor in space.
	www.antiquetech.com /chips/RCA1802.htm (533 words)

	emulation.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Cosmac "ELF" was a simple-to-build hobby microcomputer produced in the mid-70's that was designed to be expandable and adaptable to new applications.
		It was based on the RCA CDP1802 COSMAC microprocessor chip that sold for less than $30.
		The chip could use any combination of standard RAM and ROM devices and could address up to 65Kb of memory.
	emulation.victoly.com /CDP1802 (142 words)

	Questing for a Cosmac ELF (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		For the original Elf, the TIL311 displays are available in a few places, but still pricey.
		You don't have to use them, but they are nice.
		Nothing else in the Elf is hard to find (4011, 4013, 4066, etc.) Details at http://incolor.inebraska.com/bill_r/elf/html/elf-1-33.htm -ethan __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!?
	www.classiccmp.org /pipermail/cctalk/2002-April/066717.html (124 words)

	[No title]
		This can be useful when you want to embed download data into C programs.
		Cosmac The RCA Cosmac Elf format is understood for both reading and writing.
		* The RCA Cosmac Elf format has been added for reading and writing.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/Linux/apps/circuits/srecord-1.15.README (2416 words)

	ENGINEERING TECHNICIAN: MSI Data - 11-1981 to 11-1982; (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		I built all of the prototypes, performed all of the engineering tests, and tracked evaluation units in the field.
		During slack time, I learned programming on a Cosmac ELF microcomputer.
		My interest was the learning the detailed technical details of the internals of the ELF and VIC-20, and getting online was a way to learn more.
	www.guymacon.com /MSI/INDEX.HTM (374 words)

	Single board computer - The Vintage Computer Forums
		I have been looking around, and I thought a good system to try was the Cosmac Elf, rather than designing my own which is waaay above my head.
		I was especially swayed when I read about the MicroElf kit (http://www.elf-emulation.com/) which would save me from painful wiring, BUT, they are sold out and the 1802 processor seems hard to get hold of, never mind all the parts.
		I am partial to the CDP1802, though, having built my own COSMAC Elf from the PopTronics articles back in 1978, when I was 14.
	www.vintage-computer.com /vcforum/showthread.php?p=35041 (1309 words)

	DigiBarn Systems: Quest Cosmac Super Elf
		The Cosmac Super Elf by Quest Electronics was brought to the DigiBarn by Gil Goodin in December 2004.
		This system is a close cousin of the Kim-1, featuring a hex keypad (but with real keyboard keys!) to enter programs.
		The Super Elf came with the ability to add extension boards (such as a color video board) or a whole extension system (see below).
	www.digibarn.com /collections/systems/quest-cosmac-super-elf/index.html (136 words)

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