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	CPSU - The real meaning from Timesharetalk wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Consequently, the history of the USSR and the CPSU are deeply intertwined and overlapping.
		The governing body of the CPSU was the Party Congress which initially met annually but whose meetings became less frequent, particularly under Stalin.
		The history of the CPSU since the death of Lenin can thus be divided into the eras of Stalin, Khrushchev, Brezhnev and Gorbachev.
	www.timesharetalk.co.uk /wiki.asp?k=CPSU (1546 words)

	Union of Soviet Socialist Republics - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The CPSU continued to control the government and run the country, and Stalin, as the Wisest of the Wise, was firmly in control of the party.
		At the 22d CPSU congress in 1961 the attack on Stalin was continued, and the reputations of many purge victims of the 1930s were rehabilitated.
		He was replaced as first secretary of the CPSU by Leonid I. Brezhnev (who in 1960 had become chairman of the presidium of the Supreme Soviet) and as premier by Alexei N. Kosygin.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-unionsov.html (5481 words)

	RUSNET.NL :: Encyclopedia :: C :: CPSU
		The CPSU continued to serve as the model for the Soviet-dominated states of eastern Europe, however, until 1989, at which time the communist parties of eastern Europe either disintegrated or transformed themselves into Western-style socialist (or social democratic) parties.
		Constitutionally, the Soviet government and the CPSU were separate bodies, but virtually all high government officials were party members, and it was this system of interlocking dual membership in party and governmental bodies that enabled the CPSU to both make policy and see that it was enforced by the government.
		The basic unit of the CPSU was the primary party organisation, which was a feature in all factories, government offices, schools, and collective farms and any other body of any importance whatsoever.
	www.rusnet.nl /encyclo/c/print/cpss.shtml (1191 words)

	Finland the Communist Party
		The rise of the radical right-wing Lapua movement was a factor in the banning of all communist organizations in 1930, and the SKP was forced underground.
		The Stalinist purges of the 1930s thinned the ranks of the SKP leadership resident in the Soviet Union.
		A survivor of the purges and one of the founders of the party, Otto Kuusinen, was named to head a Finnish puppet government set up by the Soviets after their attack on Finland in 1939.
	www.country-studies.com /finland/the-communist-party.html (1102 words)

	Communist Party of the Soviet Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Komsomol and CPSU members were expected not only to pay dues but also to carry out appropriate assignments and "social tasks" (общественные поручения).
		Yeltsin had the CPSU formally banned within Russia.
		In Lithuania, the CPSU was officially banned in 1991.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/CPSU (1499 words)

	The "Great Purges" Reconsidered by J. Arch Getty
		The "purges" (in Russian, chistki or "cleansings") were periodic attempts by the central CPSU leadership, the Central Committee and the Politburo, to find out who was in the Party, and to strengthen it organizationally.
		The "purges" culminated in the Party elections of 1936 and 1937, which resulted in a great turnover of lower and middle-level Party leadership by democratic vote of the Party membership.
		Moreover, by 1939, the leadership of the CPSU was basically in the hands of men and women of working-class origin, who had only rather recently gotten some technical higher education and who now ran Soviet industry and the Party itself.
	www.plp.org /pl_magazine/purges.html (2021 words)

	Getty
		He is saying that a precise meaning is attached to the term purge, which should not be confused with general party matters or events which took place entirely outside the party.
		As always in the purges there was a tension between the concern to expel degenerate elements and the use of excessively prying intimate questions which could themselves disrupt party life.
		Categories to be purged ranged from "class aliens" to "moral degenerates", but they reveal an explicit concern to rid the party of politically unreliable members.
	freespace.virgin.net /pep.talk/Getty.htm (4539 words)

	purge
		Before leaving they were told their purpose by the central committee:to acquire understanding of the upheavals in the countryside and the problems of collectivization, and discuss their organizational experience with the peasantry because they were handicapped by their traditional individual work on land which was a serious problem for collective use of the land.
		The 25,000 who are completely overlooked by historians played a very significant role in the collectivization efforts.Upon arrival, the 25,000 immediately had to fight against the bureaucracy of the local apparatus and against the excesses committed during the collectivization.
		The purges were nothing more than frequent attempts by the CPSU to find out who was in the party and to strengthen it.
	antitrot.tripod.com /articles/purge.htm (5851 words)

	Soviet Glossary
		A term coined by Nikita S. Khrushchev at the Twentieth Party Congress of the CPSU in 1956 to describe the rule of Stalin, in which the Soviet people were compelled to deify the dictator.
		A period, from about 1934 to 1939, of intense fear among Soviet citizens, millions of whom were arrested, interrogated, tortured, imprisoned, deported from their native lands, and executed by Stalin's secret police for political or economic crimes that were spurious.
		An organ of the CPSU in the Ministry of Defense, it was responsible for conducting ideological indoctrination and propaganda activities to prepare the armed forces for their role in national security.
	www.globalsecurity.org /intell/world/russia/su_glos.html (9341 words)

	Association for Asia Research- The dynamic of repression:
		Following the bloody and indiscriminate purges of 1944-1945, it was less than likely that the Bulgarian Communists would respect the rules of democracy, and the persecution of AK members was hardly an auspicious start for Polish parliamentarianism.
		The exceptional severity of the Mongolian purges had resulted from their coincidence with the Great Terror, while the East European dictatorships' model was Stalin's post-1945 "selective repression" (that is, the execution of high-ranking leaders was not accompanied by the mass slaughter of cadres and ordinary citizens).
		At the 5th CC plenum, held in December, Kim Il-sung made an attack on "factional elements." In the winter of 1952-1953 the purge swept various ministries, and in the spring of 1953 it was extended to the Youth League.
	www.asianresearch.org /articles/1555.html (11983 words)

	Gorbachev Era - Russia / Soviet Intelligence Agencies
		Although the regular law enforcement agencies were subjected to sharp attacks for their failure to combat crime, the KGB remained unscathed, despite the fact that it was empowered by law to investigate certain types of economic crime.
		Although Gorbachev continued to rely on the KGB in his drive to purge the party and state apparatus of corrupt officials, toward the end of 1986 signs indicated that his relations with this organization were becoming strained.
		Observers speculated that, having depended initially on KGB support to purge the Brezhnevites, Gorbachev decided by early 1987 that he was strong enough to embark on reforms that might antagonize this institution.
	www.fas.org /irp/world/russia/intro/su0513.htm (729 words)

	1937: Stalin's Year of Terror - Introduction
		Almost all of the leaders of the CPSU and other Communist Parties were in one way or another tainted by participating in the Stalinist crimes, or at least in their ideological justification and preparation; their thinking was deeply scarred by the metastases of Stalinism.
		To the extent that the party was purged of genuine opposition elements, the thrust of the terror was then directed at that part of the bureaucracy which had helped Stalin rise to the summit of power.
		This applies first of all to the purges of the ruling communist parties, incited from Moscow, which were not avoided by a single one of the "People’s Democratic" countries.
	www.wsws.org /exhibits/1937/intro.htm (5957 words)

	AllRefer.com - Russia - Demokratizatsiya - Gorbachev's Reform Dilemma \| Russian Information Resource
		In October 1987, the newspaper of the CPSU youth, Komsomol'skaya pravda, reported that informal groups, so-called neformaly, were "growing as fast as mushrooms in the rain." The concerns of these groups included the environment, sports, history, computers, philosophy, art, literature, and the preservation of historical landmarks.
		By the time of the Twenty-Eighth Party Congress in July 1990, the CPSU was regarded by liberals, intellectuals, and the general public as anachronistic and unable to lead the country.
		In a series of humiliations, the CPSU had been separated from the government and stripped of its leading role in society and its function in overseeing the national economy.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/russia/russia53.html (1392 words)

	Brezhnev - MSN Encarta
		A beneficiary of the Stalinist purges of the 1930s that eliminated many top-level party officials, Brezhnev became deputy mayor of Dniprodzerzhyns’k in May 1937 and secretary for propaganda of the regional party organization in 1939.
		Brezhnev lost his candidate membership and was appointed deputy head of the political arm of the armed forces.
		When Khrushchev became first secretary (later called general secretary) of the CPSU later that year, he made Brezhnev deputy and then first secretary of the party apparatus in the Kazakh SSR (present-day Kazakhstan).
	ca.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761551585/Brezhnev.html (1094 words)

	TWENTIETH CONGRESS OF CPSU
		The Khrushchevite revisionist position was comprehensively and publicly stated at the 20th Congress of the CPSU in February 1956, (with appropriate 'greetings' from Tito) In many Parties there was very strong disagreement with the new policies on the part of the working class membership.
		To be specific, it began with the 20th Congress of the CPSU in 1956'…The document continues, (Ed.) 'The errors of the 20th Congress brought great ideological confusion in the international communist movement and caused it to be deluged with revisionist ideas.
		Khrushchev's Report at the 20th Congress of the CPSU says it is possible to gain political power by the parliamentary road, that is to say, it is no longer necessary for all countries to learn from the October Revolution.
	www.oneparty.co.uk /html/cpc20thc.html (7827 words)

	Communist Party of the Soviet Union - TvWiki, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In 1919 a Politburo was created initially with five members, to run the party on a day to day basis.
		In Lithuania, the CPSU branch converted into the Democratic Labour Party of Lithuania.
		A major part of the party there had broken away in 1990 and formed the Latvian Social Democratic Party.
	www.tvwiki.tv /wiki/CPSU (1444 words)

	History of Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Millions died in political purges, the vast penal and labor system, or in state-created famines.
		In the late 1920s, Josif Stalin emerged as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) amidst intraparty rivalries; he maintained complete control over Soviet domestic and international policy until his death in 1953.
		Aleksey Kosygin became Chairman of the Council of Ministers, and Leonid Brezhnev was made First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee in 1964.
	www.historyofnations.net /europe/russia.html (1448 words)

	The Dynamic of Repression:
		The exceptional severity of the Mongolian purges had resulted from their coincidence with the Great Terror, while the East European dictatorships' model was Stalin's post-1945 "selective repression" (that is, the execution of high-ranking leaders was not accompanied by the mass slaughter of cadres and ordinary citizens).
		In the second half of 1958 the regime purged the provincial party committees and People's Committees, replacing most of their chairmen, and at the end of the year it organized a public trial in each province.
		While in Russia the majority of the Bolshevik Party's rural supporters had been recruited from the younger generations which "challenged the authority of their peasant elders," in the mid-1950s the rural organizations of the KWP were often headed by the oldest, most thoughtful male members of the village communities.
	www.kimsoft.com /2003/balaz.htm (11943 words)

	Nikita Khrushchev
		Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev (April 17, 1894 - September 11, 1971) was a Soviet politician and the First Secretary of the CPSU from September 7, 1953 - October 14, 1964, who led the Soviet Union after Joseph Stalin.
		During World War II, he served with the equivalent rank of Lieutenant General.
		After Stalin's death, Khrushchev shocked delegates to the 20th Party Congress[?] on February 23, 1956 by publicly denouncing the "cult of personality" that surrounded Stalin, and accusing Stalin of mass murder during the Great Purges.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/kr/Kruyshev.html (427 words)

	Purge - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Restoration of people from a purge is known as rehabilitation.
		The Nazis also engaged in purges, most notably in the Night of the Long Knives (1934) and the mass reprisals against Adolf Hitler's opponents following the July Plot (1944).
		The United States has never been a position where purges were called for, but one could argue the events that took place in McCarthyism were purges.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Purge (408 words)

	Free-TermPapers.com - Stalin's Purges
		Stalin’s first attempt at purging his so called opposition, sometimes close friends or allies, who he felt were gaining to much power or popularity in the government came against an Old Bolshevik, N. Riutin.
		One reason for the purges ending when it did, was because the labor camps, that so many of the victims were sent to, had reached maximum capacity.
		By the end of the purges the NKVD was out of control and the purges began to effect the common people.
	www.free-termpapers.com /tp/24/hmd394.shtml (1931 words)

	Article 11 * Perestroika: A Marxist Critique [Sam Marcy]
		The Supreme Court and the CPSU Central Committee rehabilitated and absolved the well-known military leaders M.N. Tukhachevsky, A.I. Kork, I.E. Yakir, I.P. Uborevich, V.K. Putna, R.P. Eideman, V.M. Primakov and B.M. Feldman.
		However, the CPSU itself, under the leadership of Stalin, was the principal supporter and promoter of a peaceful transition from war to peace in Western Europe on the basis of the existence of democratic regimes.
		This was preceded by the dissolution of the Comintern,
	www.workers.org /marcy/perestroika/11.html (2679 words)

	The Comintern: discussion, debate, disillusion, dissolution
		Communists who sought the warm embrace of the socialist motherland in their time of trouble, who were greeted with open arms, perished in large numbers, executed without trial or even notice of execution.
		Many of them disappeared in the purges, partly as a part of the struggle to render the communist movement finally and fully submissive, to replace those with their own revolutionary traditions and a trace of independence of mind with newer and more pliable elements with no independent histories.
		In 1938, certainly a part of the overall process of the massive purge, but also possibly once again to prepare the way for the pact, over 800 german communists and anti-fascists, who had sought asylum in the Soviet Union, were arrested and imprisoned, including leaders of the KPD.
	www.comms.dcu.ie /sheehanh/comintern2.htm (3645 words)

	Tajikistan - The Purges (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Like the CPSU branches elsewhere in the Soviet Union, the Communist Party of Tajikistan suffered waves of purges directed by the central government in Moscow between 1927 and 1934.
		Between 1932 and 1937, the proportion of Tajiks in the republic's party membership dropped from 53 to 45 percent as the purges escalated.
		Another round of purges took place in 1937 and 1938, during the Great Terror orchestrated by Joseph V. Stalin.
	countrystudies.us /tajikistan/10.htm (209 words)

	Crusader 38 Page 7
		All of those name changes were accompanied by purges (where thousands of heads at the top rolled), by restructuring or reorganization, by an expansion of the role of the secret police, and by public pronouncements that the secret police had been abolished.
		Reading the "new Party" profile as conceived by the CPSU leadership, it is clear that the only difference between the "old Party" and the "new Party" is in the new one's wide acceptance of all revolutionary movements throughout the world.
		DOSAAF operates under the Military Division of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Ministry of Defense of the USSR, and does the compulsory premilitary training of all young men and women between the ages of 16 and 18.
	www.fatimacrusader.com /cr38/cr38pg7.asp (15855 words)

	The SVR Russia’s Intelligence Service
		The ruling CPSU did not want to receive information suggesting that the West was not as aggressive and cruel as they wished themselves into believing.
		Vyacheslav Nikonov, Bakatin’s assistant during the purges, described a large part of the PGU reports to the centre as the West’s reactions to statements made by the Soviet leaders or Western assessments of the situation in the USSR.
		Because the PGU served as the cash courier for the CPSU and the new leaders were happy to expropriate the CPSU funds, the 20 million hard currency roubles deposited by the intelligence-gathering community in the USSR in the Bank of Foreign Economic Relations was frozen.
	www.fas.org /irp/world/russia/svr/c103-gb.htm (9475 words)

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