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Topic: CPT symmetry

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Strong CP problem

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	Charge, Parity, and Time Reversal (CPT) Symmetry
		The changes in symmetry properties can be thought of as "mirrors" in which some property of the nucleus (space, time, or charge) is reflected or reversed.
		Wu and her collaborators found that when a specific nucleus was placed in a magnetic field, electrons from the beta decay were preferentially emitted in the direction opposite that of the aligned angular momentum of the nucleus.
		If CPT symmetry is to be preserved, the CP violation must be compensated by a violation of time reversal invariance.
	www.lbl.gov /abc/wallchart/chapters/05/2.html (1109 words)

	Universal Symmetry
		But the symmetry of the tetrahedron is not quite the same as that of a snowflake because the snowflake has a transformation which must be repeated six times to restore it to its original position and the tetrahedron does not.
		Symmetry is proving to be a powerful unifying tool in particle physics because through symmetry and symmetry breaking, particles which appear to be different in mass, charge etc. can be understood as different states of a single unified field theory.
		Gauge symmetry is a symmetry of the classical field which is preserved in the process of quantisation.
	www.weburbia.com /pg/symmetry.htm (4557 words)

	CPT Theorem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		CPT symmetry is an exact symmetry in nearly all quantum field theories.
		The CPT Theorem states that the combined operation of time reversal, charge conjugation, and space reversal in any order is an exact symmetry of any interaction and that under the three transformations all physical laws must be invariant.
		The CPT Theorem is rigorously mathematical, and its validity is based on the assumption that the physical laws of the universe may be mathematically described.
	sist.fnal.gov /archive/96-topics/papers/Halton_Peters/Halton_Peters,_KTeV.htm (2379 words)

	CPT symmetry - Free net encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		CPT symmetry is a fundamental symmetry of physical laws under transformations that involve the inversions of charge, parity and time simultaneously.
		There is a theorem that derives the preservation of CPT symmetry for all of physical phenomena assuming the correctness of quantum laws.
		The implication of CPT symmetry is that a mirror-image of our universe вЂ” with all objects having momenta and positions reflected by an imaginary plane (corresponding to a parity inversion), with all matter replaced by antimatter (corresponding to a charge inversion), and reversed in time вЂ” would evolve exactly like our universe.
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/PCT_theorem (377 words)

	Breaking Lorentz symmetry (March 2004) - Physics World - PhysicsWeb
		To a physicist such equality and fairness of physical laws is called a symmetry, and the symmetry that requires the laws of physics to be the same for all observers is known as Lorentz symmetry.
		Symmetry is one of the most important concepts in physics, and it is closely linked to the conservation of quantities such as energy, momentum and charge.
		CPT is the combined discrete symmetry consisting of interchanging particles and antiparticles (C, or charge conjugation), reflection in space (P, or parity), and reversal of the direction of time (T, or time reversal).
	physicsweb.org /articles/world/17/3/7 (4463 words)

	CPT Invariance
		A symmetry in a physical experiment suggests that something is conserved, or remains constant, during the experiment.
		We are left with the combination of all three, CPT, a profound symmetry consistent with all known experimental observations.
		CPT invariance itself has implications which are at the heart of our understanding of nature and which do not easily arise from other types of considerations.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/particles/cpt.html (1069 words)

	Photon
		In CPT symmetry, space is inverted, time is reversed without changing the sign of the energy of physical states and particle-and-antiparticle are interchanged.
		Wolfgang Pauli gave a proof of CPT symmetry in the language of Lagrangian Quantum Field Theory in Niels Bohr and the Development of Physics (McGraw-Hill, NY: 1955), and Res Jost gave a rigorous proof of CPT symmetry in the language of axiomatic quantum field theory in Helvetica Physcia Acta (30, 409-416 :1957).
		The jump from the unitary four-dimensional space-time inversion that is connected to the identity, but is not a physical symmetry to the anti-unitary CPT symmetry that is a physical symmetry but is not connected to the identity requires a demonstration.
	www.physics.umd.edu /news/photon/iss044/researchspotlight44.htm (625 words)

	CPT invariance concept from the Astronomy knowledge base (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		It states that matter and antimatter would only react in the same way if the spins of the antimatter particles were reversed and the reaction was caused to run backwards in time.
		has definition A theory has "CPT invariance" if for every possible reaction between subatomic particles, a reaction can also occur in which the electrical charges of the particles changed to their opposites, the mirror image of the particle trajectories is used, and the directions of motion are reversed.
		Assuming general notions of modern physics, all conceivable theories of nature are CPT invariant.
	www.site.uottawa.ca:4321 /astronomy/CPTinvariance.html (140 words)

	Awesome Library - Science
		Parity symmetry implies that the physics of any process should be the same for the mirror image of that process.
		"The implication of CPT symmetry is that a mirror-image of our universe—with all objects having momenta and positions reflected by an imaginary plane (corresponding to a parity inversion), with all matter replaced by antimatter (corresponding to a charge inversion), and reversed in time—would evolve exactly like our universe.
		CPT symmetry is recognized to be a fundamental property of physical laws." 01-06
	www.awesomelibrary.org /Classroom/Science/Physics/Particle_Physics/CPT_Symmetry.html (494 words)

	Plato's allegory of the cave and its parallel in modern cosmology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In both cases the underlying laws of physics remain exactly symmetric -- the symmetry is broken 'spontaneously', in the sense that it is only an accident of history that chooses the orientation of the crystal or the point on the vacuum circle for the Higgs field.
		CPT symmetry breaking is currently the answer as to why the universe is dominated by matter.
		If CPT symmetry were always conserved for every type of interaction then there should have been equal amounts of matter and anti matter in the early universe.
	www.geocities.com /theophoretos/allegoryofcave.html (6945 words)

	CERN Courier - Space-time symmetry is put t - IOP Publishing - article
		Some of the most fundamental symmetries in physics are the space-time symmetries of Lorentz transformations - where the laws of physics are unchanged under boosts and rotations - and CPT - the combination of charge conjugation (C), parity inversion (P) and time reversal (T).
		Lorentz symmetry, which states that reference frames are equivalent if either rotated or moved at a constant velocity with respect to each other, appears to be an exact symmetry in nature.
		CPT '01 was opened by distinguished physicist Yoichiro Nambu of Chicago, US, who gave a historical perspective on the topic of CPT symmetry in physics.
	cerncourier.com /main/article/42/3/18 (1747 words)

	CPT Violation Experiment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		CPT is a combined transformation of charge conjugation, space reversal, and time reversal.
		This experiment is motivated by a recently developed theoretical formalism that describes CPT violation.
		The presence of CPT violation results in the appearance of an effective magnetic field in interactions with spins.
	www.atomic.princeton.edu /romalis/CPT (650 words)

	Tom Venuto's BodybuildingSecrets.com - Symmetry: How To Develop A Classical Body Shape
		Many people believe that symmetry is the perfectly balanced development of every muscle in the body, but that’s only one aspect of symmetry.
		Symmetry doesn’t always mean adding muscle evenly everywhere.
		Remember, when thinking in terms of symmetry and shoulder-to-waistline taper, building the sides of the waist outward reduces the taper and V shape by broadening the waistline making you look more visually straight up and down, or worse yet, by having obliques that jut outward.
	www.bodybuildingsecrets.com /articles/articles/symmetry_how_to_develop_a_classical_body_shape.php (3632 words)

	New Page 1
		Symmetry conservation and non-conservation (violation) can have dramatic effects for both particle physics and cosmology.
		The combined symmetry CPT is believed to be conserved for all particle interactions.
		Consequences of CPT symmetry are that a particle and its anti-particle should have the same mass and lifetime.
	www-sldnt.slac.stanford.edu /alr/parity.htm (608 words)

	banubula
		C Symmetry is a mirror which exchanges every positively charged particle with a negatively charged particle.
		Recall that P symmetry is closest to what we consider a classic mirror, reversing left and right.
		In 1980, James Cronin and Val Fitch earned the Nobel prize in physics for demonstrating that CP symmetry is not conserved.
	banubula.blogspot.com (4826 words)

	APS Virtual Pressroom - April Meeting Lay Language Papers
		The CPT theorem basically states that if all three transformations are applied to a physical system, the equations describing the transformed system are unchanged.
		For example, in a permanent magnet the forces between the atoms in the magnet are independent of spatial direction (rotational symmetry), but the north and south poles of the magnet itself are aligned along a particular direction (spontaneously broken rotational symmetry).
		If CPT and Lorentz symmetry undergo a similar process, then observable violations of these symmetries may exist in nature even though the fundamental laws of physics have CPT and Lorentz symmetry.
	flux.aps.org /meetings/YR00/APR00/vpr/layq21-04.html (1260 words)

	Scientific American: Past and Future Tests of CPT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The chief goal of the physicists working to create atoms of antihydrogen is to test a theorem known as CPT symmetry.
		If CPT violation does occur, it is entirely possible that kaons exhibit a different amount of it than do stable particles such as protons (made of three quarks) or electrons (which are true elementary particles).
		Therefore scientists want to test CPT invariance in as wide a range of particles as possible, even if the accuracy of the kaon result can't be challenged.
	scientificamerican.com /print_version.cfm?articleID=000EADCF-2BD2-128E-AB2483414B7F00A7 (443 words)

	Robert T. Bluhm
		Lorentz symmetry is the symmetry behind Einstein's theory of special relativity.
		CPT is a combined discrete symmetry which basically says that particles and antiparticles obey the same laws of physics.
		It has recently been realized that in possible quantum theories of gravity (including string theory and loop quantum gravity) Lorentz and CPT symmetry might be broken on ultra-short length scales called the Planck scale.
	www.colby.edu /physics/faculty/robert.html (373 words)

	Research: Department of Physics, Princeton University
		While CP symmetry is violated at a small level in the Standard Model, this violation is insufficient to explain the asymmetry between matter and anti-matter in the Universe.
		While these symmetries are on a firm ground within a conventional field theory, they can be violated in more general theories including quantum gravity.
		Thus, CPT and Lorentz symmetry violations are some of the very few experimentally accessible signatures of quantum gravity effects.
	www.physics.princeton.edu /www/jh/research/romalis_michael.html (438 words)

	Testing a Universal Symmetry
		Under CPT invariance, the interactions among the particles in these two complementary situations--before and after the CPT reversals--are identical, as are the probabilities for each possible outcome.
		If CPT symmetry is violated, then all polarizations will rotate with respect to the special space direction as the radiation travels through the universe.
		Moreover, CPT violation of this type may have a natural connection to the "dark energy" that cosmologists have recently postulated to explain novel features of cosmic expansion.
	focus.aps.org /story/v17/st21 (720 words)

	Alan Kostelecky: Background information on Lorentz/CPT violation
		The CPT theorem can be used to show that a particle and its antiparticle must have certain identical properties, including mass, lifetime, and size of charge and magnetic moment.
		The theory suggests that apparent breaking of CPT and Lorentz symmetry might be observable in existing or feasible experiments, and it leads to a general phenomenology for CPT and Lorentz violation at the level of the Standard Model of particle physics and Einstein's theory of gravity, General Relativity.
		For example, the bounds on CPT violation from the measurement of the fractional mass difference between a kaon and an antikaon and those from comparisons of hydrogen and antihydrogen are sensitive to completely different coefficients in the Standard-Model Extension.
	www.physics.indiana.edu /~kostelec/faq.html (2467 words)

	Finite Nature - CPT symmetry
		It is well known that the universe exhibits
		symmetry - suggesting that it is reversible under an operation involving inverting charge, parity and time.
		A conventional way of looking at this is to consider that the universe would run backwards, if time was reversed - and every particle was replaced by its anti-particle with the opposite charge.
	finitenature.com /cpt (312 words)

	Nature of Existence - CPT Symmetry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Preference is a quantitive term whereas left-right symmetry is entirely qualitive.
		The non-conservation of parity would therefore require the existence of an external universe of the opposite hand (which is forbidden by the fundamental postulate).
		Time is asymmetric because of the preferred direction of logic (1,2,3...) but must approach symmetry as the time scale is shortened because the universe does not change appreciably from one instant to the next, i.e.
	www.ebtx.com /ntx/ntx22.htm (247 words)

	Open Questions: CP Symmetry Violation
		Discusses various ways in which CPT symmetry may be violated, and their phenomenology in current or immediate future experimental facilities, both terrestrial and astrophysical.
		An analogy illuminates the problem of CP symmetry violation and helps explain the search for the hypothetical axion particle, which may be a component of cosmic dark matter.
		A very slight violation of CP symmetry is known to exist, and the existence of matter in the universe seems to depend on it.
	www.openquestions.com /oq-ph006.htm (654 words)

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