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Topic: CPTED

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	NCEF Resource List: CPTED for Schools: Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
		The basic CPTED premise is that through the effective use and design of the built environment, there can be a reduction in the opportunity and fear of crime and a resulting better quality of life.
		Core CPTED elements include: natural surveillance, in which the entire environment can be viewed; natural access control to determine who can and cannot enter a facility; and territoriality, in which an established control is exerted over the environment.
		CPTED's goal is to prevent crime through designing a physical environment that positively influences human behavior – people who use the areas regularly perceive it as safe, and would-be criminals see the areas as a highly risky place to commit crimes.
	www.edfacilities.org /rl/cpted.cfm (5232 words)

	Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design, or CPTED (pronounced sep-ted), is a crime prevention philosophy based on the theory that proper design and effective use of the built environment can lead to a reduction in the fear and incidence of crime, as well as an improvement in the quality of life.
		The CPTED theory advocates that all possibilities for natural crime prevention be exhausted, prior to the involvement of the mechanical and organized strategies.
		CPTED involves the design of the physical space in the context of the bona fide user of the space, the normal and expected use of that space, and the predictable behavior of the bona fide users and offenders.
	www.cityofmesa.org /police/literature/cpted.asp (1238 words)

	Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The goal of CPTED is the reduction of opportunities for crime to occur.
		The uniqueness and success of CPTED stems from the manner in which these techniques are integrated with, and applied to, the architectural design process.
		CPTED was originally developed to reduce crime in public housing projects, but its applications are unlimited.
	www.vcnet.com /expert/library/cpted.html (1770 words)

	CPTED 8 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		CPTED has an established process to evaluate the linkages between the built environment and criminal behavior, yet CPTED, as a "environmental design science", has failed because of the lack of systematic testing and evaluation of projects and the lack of standardization.
		The theory and concepts of CPTED were developed similar to the story of the ten commandments: The story of the ten commandments were a result of the freedom of the slaves of Egypt into the desert to form their own destiny.
		CPTED has an established process to evaluate the linkages between the built environment and criminal behavior; yet, CPTED as a "environmental design science" has failed because of the lack of systematic testing and evaluation of projects, the lack of a systematic risk assessment process, and the lack of standardization.
	www.cpted-security.com /cpted8.htm (6241 words)

	CPTED history
		Generally, CPTED "focuses on the settings in which crimes occur and on techniques for reducing vulnerability of the settings" (Taylor and Harrell, 1996:1), because its central premise is that crime can be facilitated or inhibited by features of the physical environment (Clarke, 1995a:2).
		Consequently, his first statement of the CPTED model in 1971 contained the flaw of the 'empty organism.' That is, the logical implication of Jeffery's original CPTED model was that the environment directly affected the behavior of the organism, without first entering the organism either physically or mentally.
		Moreover, CPTED studies were not proving to be very effective, and some scholars at the time began to question whether the causes of crime were beyond the control of CPTED (Clarke, 1995a:4).
	www.acs.appstate.edu /dept/ps-cj/vitacpted2.html (11258 words)

	Crime prevention through environmental design - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		CPTED was originally coined and formulated by criminologist C. Ray Jeffery.
		As of 2004, CPTED is popularly understood to refer strictly to the Newman/Crowe type models, with the Jeffery model treated more as multi-disciplinary approach to crime prevention which incorporates biology and psychology, a situation accepted even by Jeffery himself.
		CPTED strategies are most successful when they inconvenience the end user the least and when the CPTED design process relies upon the combined efforts of environmental designers, land managers, community activists, and law enforcement professionals.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/CPTED (3256 words)

	The CPTED Page - LINKS
		CPTED is most effective when involving environmental designers (e.g., Architects, landscape architects), land managers (e.g., Park managers), community action (e.g., Neighborhood watch groups), and law enforcement.
		CPTED, or "crime prevention through environmental design", is the brainchild of C. Ray Jeffery.
		With CPTED, the more diverse layers of deterrence strategies that are employed the more likely that an offender will be persuaded to change his or her plans.
	www.thecptedpage.wsu.edu /FAQ.html (659 words)

	National Crime Prevention Council -- Strategy: CPTED for Subways (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The use of CPTED in subway construction will help deter and control all types of crime and help create an environment that is clean, well-lighted, and safe.
		CPTED is action to design the physical environment in ways that reduce or remove identifiable crime risks.
		CPTED changes implemented by the New York Transit Authority have substantially increased the overall perception of security by passengers.
	www.ncpc.org /Topics/Strategy_CPTED_for_Subways.php (325 words)

	CPTED 5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		In its purest sense, CPTED is the passive use of the physical environment to reduce the opportunity for and fear of predatory stranger-to-stranger crime: burglar, robbery, assault, larceny, murder, rape, even bombing.
		CPTED differs according to the space, use, occupancy, and perceived risk but there are some common threads.
		CPTED is the antithesis of target hardening, which employs mechanical and electronic access control and surveillance systems.
	www.cpted-security.com /cpted5.htm (2297 words)

	CPTED- Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design, SPD, Spokane Washington (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		CPTED is an urban planning design process, which integrates crime prevention with neighborhood design and community development.
		CPTED is based on the theory that the proper design and effective use of the built environment can lead to a reduction in the incidence and fear of crime and in an improvement in the quality of life.
		CPTED is not the total answer to community problems, but it does provide the community with the means to eliminate or reduce environmental obstacles to social, cultural, or managerial control.
	www.spokanepolice.org /cpted.htm (1645 words)

	CPTED on College Campuses: Guidelines for Implementation - IFPO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		In an effort to counter lack of CPTED in the building design, one can simply create more public space around the building to be used as natural surveillance; this involves creating more activity space.
		Consequently, colleges researching CPTED should compare their campus with others of similar size and demographics as well as consult with those campuses public safety directors.
		When CPTED is employed one must be able to justify why the design was selected and what the effect of implementing it would be.
	www.ifpo.org /articlebank/cpted.html (3295 words)

	CPTED Workshop Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		"CPTED is the proper design and effective use of the built environment that can lead to a reduction in the form and incidence of crime and improvement in the quality of life." Dr.
		Where CPTED differs from traditional target hardening strategies is that the techniques employed seek to use environmental factors to affect not only physical aspects but also the perceptions of users of a given space.
		In practice, CPTED principles can be, and are, used in a wide range of contexts, from social planning through to urban design; from community safety to specific security risk management applications.
	www.cpted.com.au /programs/cpted5f/intro.html (323 words)

	The Department of Justice Administration
		CPTED integrates crime prevention objectives with the normal uses and requirements of physical space.
		Clearly, CPTED is not the sole responsibility of the police.
		CPTED involves land use planning and zoning, economic development, transportation analysis, physical and electronic security, and the design of individual buildings and grounds.
	www.louisville.edu /a-s/ja/ncpi/cpted.htm (321 words)

	CPTED (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		CPTED takes crime prevention one step further by studying the site design and working with the developmental community and public development agencies in an attempt to create safer designs in new and existing developments.
		CPTED and the concepts of safe design have had several significant influences over the years.
		The CPTED Planner was employed by the Division of Police in December, 1994.
	www.co.henrico.va.us /police/safedesign.htm (1183 words)

	Lawlink NSW: CPTED and CRIME: Sometimes the Simple Ideas Work Best (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		What CPTED doe is to modify the physical places to reduce the environmental preference of criminals.
		In the 1970s the concept of CPTED was outlined by criminologist C. Ray Jeffery and architect Oscar Newman.
		Early CPTED used natural surveillance to make spaces defensible by legitimate users, and it used architectural design to put more "eyes on the street".
	www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au /cpd/graffiti.nsf/pages/cpted (784 words)

	CPTED Vancouver - Design Centre for Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
		We are a non-profit organization based in Vancouver, British Columbia with a mission to provide a resource for CPTED design and concepts, and increase awareness and education of this approach based on environmental criminology.
		This concept suggests that when considering CPTED design, the site or building must first be analyzed to establish the crime levels and types, or the ‘actual risk’ of crime.
		The seeds of today’s CPTED were sown in the 1960’s in North America.
	www.designcentreforcpted.org (990 words)

	CPTED
		Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design, or CPTED (pronounced sep-ted), is defined as the proper design and effective use of the built environment that can lead to a reduction in the fear and incidence of crime, and an improvement of the quality of life.
		We need to create environments where there are plenty of opportunities for people engaged in their normal behavior to observe the space around them.
		CPTED involves the design of the physical space in the context of the bona fide user of the space, the normal and expected use of that space, and the predictable behavior of users and non-users.
	www.stpete.org /police/crime_prevention-cpted.htm (586 words)

	ERIC Digest 144 - Safer Schools Through Environmental Design (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		A CPTED analysis of a school evaluates crime rates, office-referral data, school cohesiveness and stability, as well as core design shortcomings of the physical environment, such as blind hallways, uncontrolled entries, or abandoned areas that attract problem behavior.
		Applying CPTED concepts from the beginning usually has minimal impact on costs, and the result is a safer school that can focus on its mission of teaching and learning.
		A CPTED analysis may include crime mapping and statistical reports from local police, juvenile justice facilities, and medical centers to help identify patterns related to problem behavior, such as types of problems that are prevalent and time and location of occurrence.
	eric.uoregon.edu /publications/digests/digest144.html (1692 words)

	CPTED Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design by NICP: CPTED Conference
		CPTED is defined as "the proper design and effective use of the built environment that can lead to a reduction in the fear and incidence of crime and an improvement in the quality of life.
		The goal of CPTED is to reduce opportunities for crime that may be inherent in the design of structures or in the design of neighborhoods.
		Law enforcement officers who are especially trained in CPTED are now working closely with Planners, Architects, City Officials, and Educators to ensure the proper design of structures, schools, and neighborhoods.
	nicp.net /cpted_0406.htm (503 words)

	CPTED Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design Training Nationwide. Register Online.
		CPTED training is provided by the National Institute of Crime Prevention.
		Cities and Counties throughout the country are adopting CPTED ordinances requiring site plan reviews with crime prevention in mind.
		Law enforcement officers who are specially trained in CPTED are now working closely with Planners, Architects, City Officials, and Educators to ensure the proper design of structures, schools, and neighborhoods.
	www.cptedtraining.net /cpted.htm (239 words)

	CPTED - Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
		Presented along with each of these CPTED strategies are guidelines which, as a homeowner, builder or remodeler, you can apply to reduce the fear and incidence of crime and improve the quality of life.
		CPTED’s goal is to prevent crime through designing a physical environment that positively influences human behavior – people who use the area regularly perceive it as safe, and would-be criminals see the area as a highly risky place to commit crime.
		CPTED is based on four principles; natural access control, natural surveillance, territorial reinforcement, and target hardening.
	www.cpted-watch.com (858 words)

	CPTED Keys Oxnard's Downtown Revitalization
		Gage-Babcock was retained to provide security-consulting services for the renovation of City Hall and a new four-story parking garage in addition to providing a CPTED review of the city's downtown redevelopment project, which includes a 36-block radius surrounding City Hall and a new multi-theatre entertainment complex.
		CPTED is an urban planning design process that integrates crime prevention with neighborhood design and community development to create a feeling of safety and ownership for residents and business owners.
		CPTED will be used in the future to mitigate risk for the city's schools, public library and water department.
	govtsecurity.com /mag/cpted_keys_oxnards/index.html (433 words)

	Tampa Police - Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		CPTED uses various tools to evaluate environmental conditions and utilize intervention methods to control human / criminal behavior and reduce the fear of crime.
		CPTED impacts each citizen by increasing safety, promoting secure environments and improving the appearance of neighborhoods and public amenities.
		CPTED Programs currently in place allow for CPTED Specialists to review plans for the City of Tampa's Greenway and Trails Project, the Westshore Business District, the East Tampa Mixed Use Overlay District, and the West Tampa Overlay District.
	www.tampagov.net /dept_police/Crime_Prevention/Programs/cpted.asp (461 words)

	CPTED Ontario Home Page
		Commonly known as CPTED (pronounced "sep-ted") is a pro-active crime prevention strategy utilized by planners, architects, police services, security professionals and everyday users of space.
		CPTED surmizes that the proper design and effective use of the built environment can lead to a reduction in the incidence and fear of crime and improve the quality of life.
		Emphasis is placed on the physical environment, productive use of space, and behavior of people to create environments that are absent of environmental cues that cause opportunities for crime to occur.
	www.cptedontario.ca (360 words)

	RCMP Creating Safe Communities
		CPTED is an approach to planning and development that reduces opportunities for crime.
		CPTED is part of a comprehensive approach to crime prevention.
		CPTED can be applied to identify and remove potential problems in proposed developments.
	www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca /ccaps/safecomm_e.htm (757 words)

	CPTED Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design Training Conferences
		CPTED Training is available through the National Institute of Crime Prevention.
		The National Institute of Crime Prevention holds several Basic and Advanced CPTED Training conferences during the year in many locations throughout the United States.
		They have written city ordinances in the area of CPTED and are recognized nationally as experts in their field.
	www.cptedtraining.net (368 words)

	CPTED Vancouver - CPTED Design Principles
		This principle of encouraging watching is the same as the CPTED principles of surveillance and eyes on the street but by changing the valuation from a militaristic term such as surveillance to a typical human behaviour, such as watching, the possibilities for design are improved.
		This principle of creating a sense of ownership and claiming the public realm is the same as the CPTED principles of territoriality and defensibility but by changing the valuation from a militaristic term to a more common urban activity such as claiming ownership over public space, the possibilities for design are improved.
		Looking closely at many programs throughout North America developed under the name of CPTED or for street closures will show that part of the success of these programs was not just the resulting physical improvements but the community consultation, community support and programs improvements.
	www.designcentreforcpted.org /Pages/Principles.html (2976 words)

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