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Topic: CREB

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	CREB - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		CREB (top) is a transcription factor capable of binding DNA (bottom) and regulating gene expression.
		CREB (cAMP response element-binding) proteins are transcription factors which bind to certain sequences called cAMP response elements in DNA and thereby increase or decrease the transcription of certain genes.
		CREB proteins in neurons are involved in the formation of long-term memories; this has been shown in the marine snail Aplysia, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, and in rats.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/CREB (369 words)

	CREB and the CREB-C/EBP-dependent Gene Expression Cascade in Long-term Memory
		CREB is a family of transcription factors ubiquitously expressed and activated in response to the stimulation of the cAMP pathway.
		With the knowledge that sustained hippocampal CREB activation and C/EBP induction are essential events for the formation of several types of long-term memories, we turned to the expansive clinical literature of medial temporal lobe lesions and their associated amnesic symptomatology.
		CREB is a ubiquitous transcription factor activated by cAMP in a variety of cells and found to be implicated in many functions, including cell survival, cell cycle, liver processes, circadian rhythm, hormonal cell transcription, cell development, depression, addiction, inflammation, spermatogenesis, hematopoiesis, and immunoresponse.
	www.cellscience.com /reviews6/CREB_long-term_memory.html (5094 words)

	Disruption of CREB function in brain leads to neurodegeneration - Nature Genetics
		By contrast, postnatal disruption of both CREB and CREM function leads to progressive neurodegeneration that is restricted to the dorsolateral striatum and to the CA1 and dentate gyrus regions of the hippocampus.
		CREB was not detectable in pyramidal cells of hippocampal CA1, CA2, and CA3 (Fig.
		Moreover, this study shows that CREB and CREM are crucial for the maintenance of neuronal survival in vivo, raising the possibility that pharmacological manipulation of the CREB signaling pathway may exert positive therapeutic action on both the functional and anatomical deterioration that follows the progression of neurodegenerative disorders.
	www.nature.com /uidfinder/10.1038/ng882 (5319 words)

	CREBBP - Genetics Home Reference
		CREB binding protein appears to be critical for normal development before and after birth.
		CREB binding protein carries out its function by activating transcription, the process of making a blueprint of a gene for protein production.
		Specifically, CREB binding protein connects transcription factors, which are proteins that start the transcription process, with the complex of proteins that carries out transcription in the cell's nucleus.
	ghr.nlm.nih.gov /gene=crebbp (698 words)

	Bioreagents.com: CREB (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) is a basic/leucine zipper transcription factor that binds the cyclic AMP response element (CRE) and activates transcription in response to a variety of extracellular signals including neurotransmitters, hormones, membrane depolarization, and growth and neurotrophic factors.
		Activation of CREB is dependent upon the phosphorylation of serine 133.
		CREB binding protein (CBP), a transcriptional coactivator that directly interacts with CREB, binds to CREB in the region of serine 133.
	www.bioreagents.com /index.cfm/fuseaction/products.detail/Product/PA1-850 (279 words)

	Our Stolen Future:Transcription factor CREB activated by low level Bisphenol A.
		If the activation of CREB were dependent upon the classic intracellular estrogen receptor, the chemical would have eliminated the response.
		By activating the transcription factor CREB, bisphenol A has the potential of altering gene expression in several profoundly important systems that are vital for normal development and functioning.
		And CREB is involved in the response to NGF.
	www.ourstolenfuture.org /NewScience/oncompounds/bisphenola/2002/2002-1022quesadaetal.htm (1148 words)

	Background Information
		CREB was the first discovered and best characterized member of a family of related proteins that bind to a particular DNA sequence termed the CRE (consensus nucleotide sequence, TGACGTCA).
		CREB is activated upon its phosphorylation by any of several protein kinases and thereby mediates the effects of diverse types of extracellular stimuli on the expression of CRE-containing genes.
		Likewise, we have obtained evidence that CREB is a critical mediator of aspects of drug addiction and depression.
	www3.utsouthwestern.edu /molpsych/creb_b05.htm (103 words)

	Vollum Genome Discovery
		Similarly, genetic perturbations in CREB impair memory consolidation and long-term synaptic plasticity in a variety of vertebrate models.
		The most widely held model is that CREB binds in a non-regulated manner to a DNA element termed the cAMP-regulated enhancer (CRE), found in a large number of gene promoters.
		Gene activation is mediated by a multiplicity of kinases that modify the CREB protein, allowing recruitment of the coactivators, CBP and p300.
	www.ohsu.edu /landing/genome/crebLong.cfm (973 words)

	Analysis of the Structural Properties of cAMP-responsive Element-binding Protein (CREB) and Phosphorylated CREB -- ...
		CREB is also an effector of calcium signaling pathways, and the same serine residue is a substrate for calcium-calmodulin kinase II and IV (15, 16, 17, 18).
		ATP with a molar C-subunit to CREB ratio of 1:100 and was incubated at 30 °C for 30 min.
		To examine the secondary structures of the CREB activation domain, the CD spectra of CREB and ACT265 were deconvoluted and their secondary structure contents obtained using the variable selection method developed by Compton and Johnson (33).
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/271/23/13716 (7265 words)

	Interactive Fly, Drosophila
		The CREB binding domain, referred to as KIX, is alpha helical and binds to an unstructured kinase-inducible domain in CREB following phosphorylation of CREB at Ser-133.
		The CREB transactivation domain is bipartite, consisting of kinase-inducible and constitutive domains termed KID and Q2, respectively, which function synergistically in response to hormonal stimulation.
		Recruitment of the coactivator, CREB binding protein (CBP), by signal-regulated transcription factors, such as CREB [adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein], is critical for stimulation of gene expression.
	www.sdbonline.org /fly/neural/dcreb22d.htm (2455 words)

	CALCIUM /cAMP RESPONSE ELEMENT BINDING PROTEIN (CREB) IN ISOLATED BRAIN AND NEURAL CELL MITOCHONDRIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The cellular location of CREB has been identified as residing in both the cytosol and the nucleus and recently it has been reported to be present in brain mitochondria (J. Neurochem.
		In the current study, antibodies to CREB and to phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) were used to probe for the presence of immunoreactivity in mitochondria isolated from different tissues and cells.
		We hypothesize that CREB responds to physiological and pathological elevations in intramitochondrial Ca2+ and stimulates mitochondrial gene _expression.
	www.umm.edu /anesthesia/E_2002.html (294 words)

	Transcription Factor 3',5'-Cyclic Adenosine 5'-Monophosphate-Responsive Element-Binding Protein (CREB) Is Decreased ...
		CREB levels were lower in most ACs and a subset of AAs than in adrenal tissues from patients with CD and medulloadrenal tumors (P), in which CREB levels were constantly high.
		Quantification of CREB levels in nine normal cortex extracts (five specimens adjacent to nonadrenal tumors and four specimens adjacent to nonsecreting adenomas signaled by an arrowhead) is presented as control.
		B, Immunohistochemical detection of CREB in adrenocortical tumors: AA (B1, B2, and B3) and AC (B7, B8, and B9) showing a homogenous CREB immunolabeling in the adrenocortical adenoma and a demonstrative heterogeneous pattern of CREB immunolabeling in the adrenocortical carcinoma.
	jcem.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/88/8/3958 (4970 words)

	Society for Neuroscience \| CREB And Memory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The optimism stems from mounting evidence that shows the molecule cyclic AMP-response element binding protein (CREB) is one of the cornerstones of enduring memories.
		This sign of CREB's involvement in memory launched a series of studies that deciphered the process in sea slugs, and in organisms that are capable of forming more complex types of long-term memories.
		The jump-started CREB protein activates genes in the cell's DNA.
	www.sfn.org /index.cfm?pagename=brainBriefings_cREBAndMemory (792 words)

	Transcriptional Regulators and Myelopoiesis: The Role of Serum Response Factor and CREB as Targets of Cytokine ...
		phosphorylation of CREB in fibroblasts is inhibited [76].
		CREB activation induced by mitochondrial dysfunction is a new signaling pathway that impairs cell proliferation.
		CREB proteins function as positive regulators of the translocated bcl-2 allele in t(14;18) lymphomas.
	stemcells.alphamedpress.org /cgi/content/full/21/2/123 (4159 words)

	CREB Reporter 293 Stable Cell Lines
		Panomics’ CREB Reporter Stable Cell Lines are robust tools for high-throughput analysis of in vivo drug efficacy and specificity.
		CREB can also be phosphorylated by a variety of kinases in response to mitogen, calcium and stress dependent signals.
		Phosphorylation on Ser133 promotes CREB to recruit transcriptional co-activators that induce transcription of a variety of intermediate early response genes.
	www.panomics.com /CREB_293.cfm (623 words)

	HIV-1 Tat protein down-regulates CREB transcription factor expression in PC12 neuronal cells through a ...
		Levels of Ser-133 phosphorylated CREB (P-CREB) and total CREB were evaluated by Western blot on enriched nuclear fractions obtained from PC12 cells, serum starved for 40 h, and treated for the time indicated (min) with Tat (1 nM) or forskolin (10 µM).
		Levels of Ser-133 phosphorylated CREB (P-CREB) and total CREB were evaluated by Western blot on enriched nuclear fractions obtained from PC12 cells treated with BSA (0.1%), Tat (1 nM), forskolin (10 µM), Tat (1 nM) plus forskolin (10 µM) for the time indicated (min).
		Levels of Ser-133 phosphorylated CREB (P-CREB) and total CREB were evaluated by Western blot on both whole cell lysates (cells) and enriched nuclear fractions (nuclei) obtained from PC12 cells, serum starved for 40 h, and treated for the time indicated (hours) with Tat (1 nM).
	www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/full/15/2/483 (5643 words)

	Interaction of Gli2 with CREB Protein on DNA Elements in the Long Terminal Repeat of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type ...
		A GST fusion protein of a fragment of Gli2 containing amino acids 1 to 521 (asterisk) was incubated with CREB, and the complexes formed were isolated with glutathione-Sepharose beads.
		CREB (27), d3, was not bound significantly to the DNA-protein
		with CREB that is bound unstably to the 21-bp sequence in cis.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/73/4/3258 (4745 words)

	Creb Design Co. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Creb Design Co. is a consulting company that specializes in open source web solutions that can benifit your business.
		Creb Design Co. began in 2002 when owners Chris Ruschmann and Elliot Bagley learned that there was a need in the local area to assist small business in achieving manageable and customizable websites to attract business.
		Creb now is mainly focused on consulting with businesses and individuals to achieve maximum results for small to mid sized websites.
	www.crebdesign.com (769 words)

	CREB And Memory
		Interestingly, CREB is one of the determinants of the training schedules required for long term memory formation.
		To better define the role of CREB in distinct memory processes, we developed a temporal and brain-specific transcription regulation system using a dominant negative CREB (CREBS133A) fused with a tamoxifen-dependent mutant of an estrogen receptor ligand-binding domain.
		Using transgenic mice expressing this inducible CREB repressor we find that CREB is crucial for the consolidation, but not for the encoding, storage or retrieval of conditioned memory.
	www.silvalab.com /creb.htm (377 words)

	Differential Activation of the Transcription Factor Cyclic AMP Response Element Binding Protein (CREB) in Macrophages ...
		Significant accumulation of phosphorylated CREB in the nuclei of macrophages at 1 h postinfection with mycobacteria.
		Cells were labeled with anti-phosphorylated CREB antibody (blue) and anti-lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 antibody (red) and then examined by confocal microscopy.
		The greyscale images for phosphorylated CREB labeling are shown on the left, and the merged images are shown on the right.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/73/1/514 (5119 words)

	InterPro: IPR001630 cAMP response element binding (CREB) protein (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) is a nuclear factor that is regulated by protein kinase A phosphorylation.
		Transcription is stimulated on binding to the CRE of a phosphorylated CREB dimer, which is held together by leucine zippers.
		Dimerisation and transcriptional efficacy have been found to be stimulated by phosphorylation at several distinct sites, and it has thus been suggested [ 2 ] that CREB may be regulated by multiple kinases.
	www.ebi.ac.uk /interpro/IEntry?ac=IPR001630 (3206 words)

	The Ultimate CREB Dog Breeds Information Guide and Reference (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		CREB (Cyclic-AMP Response Element Binding) proteins are transcription factors which bind to certain sequences called CRE elements in DNA and thereby increase or decrease the transcription of certain genes.
		The typical (somewhat simplified) sequence of events is as follows: a signal arrives at the cell surface, activates the corresponding receptor, which leads to the production of a second messenger such as cyclic-AMP or Ca
		The activated CREB molecule then binds to a CRE element and thereby switches certain genes on or off.
	www.dogluvers.com /dog_breeds/CREB (240 words)

	Aca1 and Aca2, ATF/CREB Activators in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Are Important for Carbon Source Utilization but Not the ...
		CREB proteins in various species activate transcription in a manner dependent on phosphorylation by PKA (41).
		Adaptive inducibility of CREB as transcriptional memory of circadian rhythms.
		Reduction of morphine abstinence in mice with a mutation in the gene encoding CREB.
	mcb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/20/12/4340 (6675 words)

	Cyclic Adenosine 3',5'-Monophosphate (cAMP) Enhances cAMP-Responsive Element Binding (CREB) Protein Phosphorylation and ...
		CREB and c-Jun association with the proximal region of the StAR promoter is not affected by cAMP treatment in MA-10 cells.
		CREB that is then able to associate with the StAR promoter.
		CREB binding is dependent on the AP-1-like element in the cAMP-responsive
	endo.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/146/3/1348 (5751 words)

	Interactive Fly, Drosophila
		CBP and p300 are highly related proteins: mammalian CBP was originally identified by its interaction with CREB (cAMP response-element-binding protein) and p300 was originally identified as a target of the adenoviral E1A oncoprotein.
		CBP is recruited to DNA by several transcription factors, including CREB (Drosophila homolog: CrebB-17A) and cFos (Drosophila homolog: Fos-related antigen/Kayak).
		Drosophila CBP binds to dCREB2, the Drosophila homolog of CREB, in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, whereas the CBP-Ci interaction is phosphorylation-independent (Akimaru, 1997a).
	www.sdbonline.org /fly/hjmuller/crebbp1.htm (1222 words)

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