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Topic: CS gas

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	CS gas
		CS gas (commonly called tear gas), or chlorobenzylidene malonitrile, is a non-lethal riot control agent.
		CS is often used in conjunction with OC spray, which is commonly called pepper spray.
		CS gas and OC sprays are usually used by police to disperse riots and demonstrations.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/te/Tear_gas.html (193 words)

	frontline: waco - the inside story: Readings \| PBS
		CS, which stands for 0-chlorobenzalmalononitrile, is actually a white solid powder usually mixed with a dispersal agent, like methylene chloride, which carries the particles through the air.
		CS gas is not known to have caused any deaths or permanent injuries, however its use has been banned in some American military operations.
		First, on the day tear gas was deployed there was a steady 17 to 24 mph wind, which, combined with gaping holes in the compound made by the tanks, created a situation where much of the tear gas was blown away.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/pages/frontline/waco/csgas.html (391 words)

	Monkeyfist.com: Shedding Democracy for Tears
		CS gas, along with its relatives, CN and CR, consists of crystals which vaporize at high temperature.
		CS is especially harmful to infants, of which there were many in the populated downtown area of Quebec.
		CS was allowed for specific applications, such as dispersing rioting prisoners of war, later on, but it remains banned for offensive use.
	monkeyfist.com /articles/765 (962 words)

	Waco: The Rules of Engagement - Los Angeles Times
		Before giving the order to advance, Reno said, she was assured by military experts that CS gas would cause no serious harm or permanent damage to the children of the besieged cult members.
		CS gas is potentially so hazardous when applied in confined spaces that California prison guards are cautioned against using it in the cells of unruly inmates.
		In 1959, the Army adopted CS as its standard riot-control agent, and the chemical was used extensively in the Vietnam War.
	www.waco93.com /latimes5_29_95.htm (2449 words)

	CS gas
		CS gas is a non-lethal riot control agent.
		Tear gas is a chemical compound which, in humans, causes immediate tearing of the eyes, mild respiratory convultion, an increase in blood pressure and pulse, as well as the irritation of mucous membranes.
		CS gas are usually used by police to disperse riots and demonstrations.
	www.3dchem.com /molecules.asp?ID=209 (138 words)

	revolution: waco cs gas
		The tear gas used by the FBI in the final assault against the Branch Davidians in Waco, Texas, was CS gas.
		CS gas, which is very strong, is intended for use only in open-air environments, as it can be inflammable and harmful or lethal in closed environments like the Branch Davidians' home.
		The CS powder used to make CS gas is very high in cyanide content, according to the manufacturer.
	www.boogieonline.com /revolution/firearms/enforce/waco/fire/cs_gas.html (231 words)

	CS Gas at Waco
		The calculations of Failure Analysis Associates indicate that even assuming the smaller device was used, the gas assault marked the most massive use of CS against civilians in the history of the nation.
		The agency witnesses implied that CS is some manner of marvelous irritant which (1) becomes effective at a low dose and (2) does not inflict increasing damage at any higher dose.
		All studies of the gas conclude otherwise: while there is a sizeable gap between the effective and the lethal dose, there certainly is a lethal dose.
	www.hardylaw.net /CS.html (1866 words)

	The Dangers of CS Gas Sprays (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Subsequent to the unfortunate incident in London; one Eric Smith, 53, was sprayed with CS gas during an arrest, for causing affray, in Leeds on the 30th of October.
		The Home Office maintain that CS gas spray is purely a defensive weapon and that it has no injurious or long lasting effects; which is why it is so commonly used during routine arrests at the first sign of stroppiness from a suspect, sometimes even before then.
		So whilst CS gas is considered too dangerous to use, in the middle of a war, against an enemy, the British Government and some UK police forces are happy to have it used on its own citizens.
	www.hippy.freeserve.co.uk /csgas.htm (1326 words)

	Tear Gas: Harassing Agent or Toxic Chemical Weapon?
		The use of tear gas in recent situations of civil unrest, however, demonstrates that exposure to the weapon is difficult to control and indiscriminate and the weapon is often not used correctly.
		The respiratory concentration of CS that would be lethal for 50% of healthy adults has been estimated to be 25 000 to 150 000 mg/m3 per minute, based on animal studies(15).
		Zeiger et al.,(32) reported CS to be questionably mutagenic in the Ames assay, testing lower doses than Von Daniken et al.(30) When Von Daniken et al accounted for the toxicity of CS, its mutagenic effects increased by a factor of 2.
	www.zarc.com /english/tear_gases/jamateargastoxic.html (3584 words)

	CS Gas (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		CS is not stable in aqueous solutions, however, two modified forms of CS exist: CS1 which is a miconized form stable in aqueous solutions, and CS2 which is miconized and coated with water repellant material.
		CS is the most common agent used in the Canadian Forces.
		This gas formerly used in the CF has been replaced on grounds of safety.
	www.exercisevacuum.com.cob-web.org:8888 /cs_gas.htm (194 words)

	Riot Controle: Agent CS: Tear Gas
		Agent CS was the most commonly used riot control agent and it is extremely potent.
		CS was first developed in the U.S. by Ben Corson and Roger Stoughton in 1928.
		Effects of agent CS are felt almost immediately, and usually settle within 15-30min from the time of removal from exposure.
	webpages.charter.net /dmarin/cbwbeta/cs.htm (175 words)

	Where has all the tear gas gone? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		We carried field protective (gas) masks on our legs and it was always fun when we got the drop on another unit and gassed them with CS "tear" gas.
		CS grenades are ideal for stopping or slowing down enemy troops and dogs pursuing your team and are effective in damp and wet weather, whereas CS powder will dissipate.
		But the gas proved to be far from "non-lethal." Some 129 hostages also died, almost all from the effects of the gas.
	www.geocities.com /equipmentshop/whereistheteargas.htm (1704 words)

	Montreal medical team exposes documents on tear gas danger
		Advocates of CS claim that high levels of exposure to CS are precluded because people are adverse to remaining where this agent is present.
		CS is a primary skin irritant and some individuals will develop contact dermatitis even after what appears to be an unproblematic initial exposure and severe blistering can emerge several hours later.
		One military study on the carcinogenicity (cancer causing) potential of CS was inconclusive but observed that chronic exposure to very low concentrations of CS is of greater concern and should be further studied.
	www.afn.org /~iguana/archives/2001_05/20010512.html (1328 words)

	Riot control agent - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		These are chemical compounds, such as benzyl bromide, or CS gas (o-Chlorobenzylidene malononitrile) that causes the eyes to sting and water.
		Tear gas is used as a hand-held spray or in grenades.
		Tear gas is the common name for substances which, in low concentrations, cause pain in the eyes, flow of tears and difficulty in keeping the eyes open.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tear_gas (701 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - CS Gas
		It has a distinctive peppery smell, which means it is sometimes incorrectly referred to as 'pepper spray' (true pepper spray being literally a suspension of cayenne pepper derivative in an aerosol propellant).
		CS gas causes a severe burning sensation in the eyes, streaming tears, coughing, excessive production of mucus from the nose, and often panic.
		CS can be delivered from handheld spray canister, by thrown grenade, or in bulk by larger spray devices.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/A655517 (624 words)

	frontline: waco - the inside story: FAQs \| PBS
		According to medical examiners who performed the autopsies, CS gas did not directly kill any of the more than 80 Branch Davidians, including 22 children, who died in the fire on April 19.
		FBI agents and various experts who are familiar with the events at Waco have suggested several reasons why the CS gas did not roust the Branch Davidians out of their compound.
		Furthermore, the thirty-mile winds gusting to 31 miles per hour caused the gas to quickly dissipate and FBI listening devices showed that the gas seemed to have little effect on the adult occupants during the six hour assault.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/pages/frontline/waco/topten2.html (698 words)

	CN, CS, Tear Gas, Information, Effects, Reports
		Among the first such products were tear gas pens and pistols that used a ballistic device, generally a blank pistol cartridge, to propel solid CN particles at an attacker.
		Proponents of the use of CS believe that, when used properly, high or prolonged exposure to the substance would be precluded by an individual's natural aversion to remaining in an area where the substance is present (United Kingdom patent specification 967 66; 1960).
		Its popularity among military and police authorities stems partly from comparisons with the other tear gas agents, which suggests that CS is a more potent lacrimator and seems to cause less long-term injury, particularly with respect to the eye.
	www.safetyenforcement.com /csteargasfaq.html (655 words)

	Is CS gas dangerous? -- Fraunfelder 320 (7233): 458 -- BMJ
		CS gas (2-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile) is one of the most commonly used tear gases in the world.
		At standard daily temperatures and pressures CS forms a white crystal with a low vapour pressure and poor solubility in water.
		on the toxicity of CS and, to a lesser extent, on methyl isobutyl
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/320/7233/458 (805 words)

	CS Gas: How to combat the effects (Do or Die) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The canisters that are carried by the police in the UK contain three ingredients: the active chemical (CS), a liquid solvent to dissolve and carry it, and an inert gas to act as a propellant for the spray.
		The active ingredient, CS, is one of a group of chemical compounds called lachrymators.
		CS Gas is fat soluble so never coat your skin in petroleum jelly or similar substances for protection as some people have tried.
	www.eco-action.org /dod/no7/cs_gas.html (690 words)

	NOW : Newsfront : Foggy Over Tear Gas Safety : May 17 - 23, 2001
		But more than a month after the last tear gas canister hit the pavement, many exposed to the gas are reporting adverse health effects.
		CS gas used in Quebec the subject of controversy elsewhere in the world.
		Armor Holdings, the parent of Federal Laboratories,the Pennsylvania-based outfit that supplied tear gas to police in Quebec, would not respond to NOW's inquiries about what was in the CS canisters in Quebec.
	www.nowtoronto.com /issues/2001-05-17/news_story5.html (1168 words)

	CS gas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		CS was dissolved in the organic solvent dichloromethane (also known as methylene chloride).
		This is apparently to inform the trainees what CS effects feel like so they can have trust in their equipment and procedures thus proving to themselves that it works in the comtaminated envrionment in training and then are able to take this confidence to the battlefield environment.
		CS is used by many police forces within the USA, for example the NYPD, and it was most infamously used as one of a number of techniques by FBI law enforcement officials in the 1993 Waco Siege.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/CS_gas (2845 words)

	- Joining the Military - Military.com
		The gas chamber is a room that has a controlled concentration of CS (orto-chlorobenzylidene-malononitrile) gas, more commonly known as tear gas.
		Tear gas is the active ingredient in Mace and used for self defense and for riot control by the police.
		The fog you see is CS gas, and you may smell it slightly through your mask.
	www.military.com /Recruiting/Content/0,13898,102804_gas,,00.html (977 words)

	CS gas injury to the eye -- Yih 311 (7000): 276 -- BMJ
		CS gas injury to the eye -- Yih 311 (7000): 276 -- BMJ
		The preferred treatment for ocular injury due to CS gas is to
		CS gas is currently used by the police to control riot and individual
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/311/7000/276 (490 words)

	CS gas and America. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		However I recall CS gas being considered a mild nerve agent, much more severe than the more commonly used pepper gas.
		It seems that we were told that CS gas could be fatal in larger doses.
		One must continue to wonder whether the government is correct in using methods that might result in loss of life when charges have not yet been filed on those inside the complex.
	www.outpost-of-freedom.com /opf0419a.htm (535 words)

	CS gas or pepperspray - PoliceWorld.net Forums
		CS has been known to effect badly, some people who have existant respiratory conditions.
		The riot police use CS gas on groups (demonstrations/riots).
		We in the UK have started to use CS and believe me our naughty boys and girls don't like it..............they even cry before we use it.........
	www.policeworld.net /vb/showthread.php?t=1527 (458 words)

	CS/Cyanide gas and explosions kill 41 women and children, two of the women were pregnant.
		CS/Cyanide gas and explosions kill 41 women and children, two of the women were pregnant.
		CS gas* in large doses causes the victim to be come disorientated, it greatly diminishes their ability to make decisions.
		It was CS gas and MC (methylene chloride)combined.
	www.wizardsofaz.com /waco/cs1.html (1115 words)

	eMedicine - CBRNE - Irritants: Cs, Cn, Cnc, Ca, Cr, Cnb, PS : Article by Paul P Rega, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Tear gas (CS) and chloroacetophenone (CN) are by far the most important pulmonary irritants.
		CS was found to be more potent but less toxic.
		CS gas is the familiar tear gas most often used by police for crowd control.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic914.htm (2419 words)

	CN gas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		CN, or chloroacetophenone, is a gas used as a riot control agent.
		As its toxicity is apparently greater than that of CS gas, it has largely been supplanted by CS gas.
		Like CS gas, this compound is irritating for the mucous membranes (oral, nasal, conjunctival and tracheobronchial).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/CN_gas (229 words)

	ic Renfrewshire - POLICE HAD TO USE CS GAS ON WOMAN WIELDING 3 KNIVES
		POLICE used CS gas to subdue a woman threatening them with three knives.
		Waving the weapons at two officers seated in a patrol car, she flung herself across the bonnet of the vehicle.
		The court heard the circumstances leading up to the incident were "somewhat bizarre in nature".
	www.antidepressantsfacts.com /2004-02-Morag-McManus-57-antidep.htm (389 words)

	YouTube - Crawling in the dark - CS in the Gas Chamber
		YouTube - Crawling in the dark - CS in the Gas Chamber
		Crawling in the dark - CS in the Gas Chamber
		The gas is called CS gas, or tear gas, or riot control gas.
	youtube.com /watch?v=PcFciTeeQlk (331 words)

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