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Topic: Cyanobacteria

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	algae removal-filamentous algae-cyanobacteria blue green pond, lake, cylindrospermopsis, lyngbya
		Cyanobacteria is often mistakenly classified as algae (Blue-green algae) because of the chloroplasts contained within the cells.
		Cyanobacteria can also successfully compete against other groups of such as green algae and diatoms because they can store phosphorus for later use, and are not preferred as food by zooplankton (microscopic animals), larval fish and other animals that graze on many kinds of algae.
		Lyngbya, is one of the cyanobacteria that is known to release toxins into the water.
	www.bioremediate.com /algae.htm (2458 words)

	Cyanobacteria in Soil
		Cyanobacteria is an organism that is very important in the formation of biological soil crusts.
		Cyanobacteria enables plants to photosynthesize and are responsible for the plants green color.
		Cyanobacteria live in the roots of some plants such as legumes as well, and provide nitrogen directly for plants to use.
	www.cwnp.org /cyanobacteria.html (234 words)

	Blue-Green Algae (CYANOBACTERIA) and their Toxins
		Cyanobacteria is the scientific name for blue-green algae, or "pond scum." The first recognized species were blue-green in colour, which is how the algae got their name.
		A mass of cyanobacteria in a body of water is called a bloom.
		However, because cyanobacteria have strong smells and tastes and interfere with certain water treatment processes, most municipalities with a history of blooms monitor their surface water supplies for cyanobacteria.
	www.hc-sc.gc.ca /ewh-semt/water-eau/drink-potab/cyanobacteria-cyanobacteries_e.html (2874 words)

	Cyanobacteria - EvoWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Cyanobacteria are one of the largest and most important groups of bacteria that exist on earth.
		Cyanobacteria can be found in all places on earth; oceans, fresh water, bare rock, soil, on the side of flower pots, and even on the trunk of a tree.
		Cyanobacteria are autotrophic organisms, which means they produce and use their own nourishment.
	wiki.cotch.net /index.php/Cyanobacteria (314 words)

	Cyanobacteria - RecipeFacts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Cyanobacteria are now one of the largest and most important groups of bacteria on earth.
		Cyanobacteria are the only group of organisms that are able to reduce nitrogen and carbon in aerobic conditions, a fact that may be responsible for their evolutionary and ecological success.
		The cyanobacteria were traditionally classified by morphology into five sections, referred to by the numerals I-V. The first three - Chroococcales, Pleurocapsales, and Oscillatoriales - are not supported by phylogenetic studies.
	www.recipeland.com /facts/Cyanobacteria (961 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Cyanobacteria
		cyanobacteria (formerly blue-green algae) One of the major bacteria phyla, distinguished by the presence of the green pigment chlorophyll and the blue pigment phycocyanin.
		bloom Dense population of microscopic algae or cyanobacteria on the surface of lakes or seas, often colouring the water.
		On the dominance of filamentous cyanobacteria in shallow, turbid lakes.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Cyanobacteria (777 words)

	Cyanobacteria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cyanobacteria (Greek: cyanos = blue) are a phylum of bacteria that obtain their energy through photosynthesis.
		Fossil traces of cyanobacteria are claimed to have been found from around 3.8 billion years ago, but recent evidence has sparked controversy over this assertion.
		The cyanobacteria are traditionally classified by morphology into five sections, which may be simply referred to by the numerals I-V. The first three - Chroococcales, Pleurocapsales, and Oscillatoriales - are not supported by phylogenetic studies.
	staff.science.uva.nl /~hansmatt/documenten/Cyanobacteria.htm (566 words)

	The Cyanobacteria
		The cyanobacteria are morphologically a heterogeneous mixture of bacteria.
		Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic organisms; like plants they trap the energy of the sun (autotrophically) to use in their own metabolism and give off oxygen in the process.
		Cyanobacteria are often called blue-green algae, though they are not all a blue-green colour and they are not algae at all.
	www.earthlife.net /prokaryotes/cyano.html (488 words)

	Cyanobacteria Summary
		Cyanobacteria are a morphologically diverse group of photosynthetic prokaryotic microorganisms that form a closely related phylogenetic lineage of eubacteria.
		Cyanobacteria contributed to the conversion of Earth's atmosphere from an anoxic -reducing environment to one rich in oxygen.
		Cyanobacteria are found in extreme environments, including hot springs, desert sands, hypersaline ponds, and within the rocks of dry Antarctic valleys.
	www.bookrags.com /Cyanobacteria (2755 words)

	Micrographia: Specimens: Bacteria (Monera): Cyanobacteria.
		Cyanobacteria are the earliest creatures to be preserved in the fossil record.
		Stromatolites, calcareous structures formed during the growth of dense colonies of cyanobacteria, have been found in rocks 2.5 billion years old, and the fossil record shows that through the Proterozoic aeon, from about 2500 million to 600 million years ago, the cyanobacteria were the dominant life-form on Earth.
		A cluster of filaments of the cyanobacterium Anabaena.
	www.micrographia.com /specbiol/bacteri/bacter/bact0200.htm (492 words)

	Nikon MicroscopyU: Phase Contrast and DIC Comparison Image Gallery - Cyanobacteria (Tolypothrix)
		Tolypothrix is a genus of cyanobacteria that occurs in small tufts either floating in torpid water or attached to plants and rocks.
		Cyanobacteria are the oldest known fossils, dating back over three and a half billion years.
		Cyanobacteria help convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that can be consumed by plants and are, therefore, useful as a natural fertilizer that is beneficial to crop cultivation around the world.
	www.microscopyu.com /galleries/dicphasecontrast/cyanosmall.html (214 words)

	RIBS - Cyanobacteria
		We are therefore focusing on cyanobacteria due to their dual roles as both primary producers supporting the flow of carbon into the entire microbial community, and due to their primary structural function in constructing the 3-dimensional architecture of the microbial mats found at the stromatolite surfaces.
		Cyanobacteria are highly motile, and their localization in a given space indicates a clear physiological preference for environmental conditions of that particular area or depth.
		Cyanobacteria from four cultured populations were re-introduced to sterile ooids and the mix was formed into hemispheres using ultraclean agarose as a gelling agent.
	www.home.duq.edu /~stolz/RIBS/lab/cyanob/cyano.html (1605 words)

	Cyanobacteria in New Hampshire Waters Potential Dangers of Blue-Green Algae Blooms
		Cyanobacteria are microorganisms that are bacteria that photosynthesize.
		Cyanobacteria are some of the earliest inhabitants of our waters, and they are naturally occurring in all of our lakes.
		The possible effects of cyanobacteria on the "health" of New Hampshire lakes and their natural inhabitants, such as fish and other aquatic life, are under study at this time.
	www.des.state.nh.us /factsheets/wmb/wmb-10.htm (698 words)

	cyanobacteria
		Cyanobacteria are not only one of the largest groups of bacteria on Earth today, they are also the oldest known fossils, dating back more than 3.5 billion years.
		This name is convenient for talking about organisms in the water that make their own food, but does not reflect any relationship between the cyanobacteria and other organisms called algae.
		Cyanobacteria are relatives of the bacteria, not eukaryotes, and it is only the chloroplast in eukaryotic algae to which the cyanobacteria are related.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/C/cyanobacteria.html (333 words)

	Porcupine! 25 - Miscellany--Cyanobacteria culture collection
		The application of cyanobacteria is not only restricted to the medical field but they have also showed immense potential in wastewater and industrial effluent treatment, bioremediation of aquatic and terrestrial habitats, chemical industries, biofertilizers, food, feed and fuel, cosmetics, etc (Fatma, 1999).
		The ecological significance of marine cyanobacteria, however, was overlooked until the early 1990s despite their dominance in marine ecosystems, primarily due to difficulties associated with their identification and quantitative analysis.
		Cyanobacteria are visually conspicuous on rocky shores in the form of biofilms and their ecological significance as a primary producer has long been recognized although comprehensive studies were restricted mainly due to technical difficulties.
	www.hku.hk /ecology/porcupine/por25/25-misc-cyanbact.htm (1201 words)

	Cyanobacteria
		Cyanobacteria are a group of prokaryotes that possess a higher plant-type oxygenic photosynthesis.
		Cyanobacteria are cosmopolitan and must possess a high potential of adaptation to diverse environmental factors.
		Many cyanobacteria have developed a number of adaptive strategies to reduce the negative effects of excessive radiation, including the avoidance of brightly irradiated habitats, the synthesis of UV screening pigments, and the production of chemical scavengers that detoxify the highly reactive oxidants produced photochemically (Vincent and Roy, 1993).
	www.gcrio.org /UNEP1998/UNEP98p37.html (665 words)

	Cyanobacteria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Cyanobacteria are very important organisms for the health and growth of many plants since they are one of very few groups of organisms that can convert inert atmospheric nitrogen into an organic form, such as nitrate or ammonia.
		However, Cyanobacteria have played an even more important role in the development of life on earth; when they appeared at least three billion years ago, they increased the concentration of free oxygen in the earth's atmosphere from 1% to 21%, thus allowing a protective ozone layer to form (more on this in the History section).
		Cyanobacteria are found in almost every conceivable habitat, from oceans to fresh water to bare rock to soil.
	www.rvt.com /~lucas/school/cyano.html (1567 words)

	Cyanobacteria
		The cyanobacteria (predecessors of the chloroplasts and vegetable cells) were and still are, photosynthesic bacteria, that produce carbohydrates and oxygen from CO2 and water, using solar light as source of energy.
		During the first hundreds of millions of years of existence of cyanobacteria, the difference between the produced and the consumed organic carbon was very small and the atmospheric oxygen did not increase.
		The proliferation of cyanobacteria and marine phytoplankton caused carbon to remain bound in the form of organic planktonic matter, and in part stored in the sea floor, so the CO2 in the air also diminished.
	homepage.mac.com /uriarte/cyanobacteria.html (1395 words)

	What is Cyanobacteria? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Cyanobacteria are prokaryotes (single-celled organisms) often referred to as "blue-green algae." While most algae is eukaryotic (multi-celled), cyanobacteria is the only exception.
		Cyanobacteria are very old, with some fossils dating back almost 4 billion years (Precambrian era), making them among the oldest things in the fossil record.
		Considering that cyanobacteria possess their own DNA, it is theorized that more sophisticated plant cells brought cyanobacteria into their structure through the initiation of an endosymbiotic relationship.
	www.wisegeek.com /what-is-cyanobacteria.htm (392 words)

	ZapMeta Web Site Results for: "cyanobacteria" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Cyanobacteria are aquatic and photosynthetic, that is, they live...
		Though cyanobacteria do not have a great diversity of form, and though they are...
		Cyanobacteria have recently found in the most barren area of Antarctica where no...
	www.zapmeta.com /search/meta/zapfor.pl?query=cyanobacteria&search=web&match=all&D1=pop&C1=&txt= (211 words)

	Cyanobacteria (Blue-Green Algae) Poisoning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Intoxication with cyanobacteria is characterized by convulsions, ataxia (in- coordination), bloody diarrhea and sudden death.
		The presence of potentially poisonous cyanobacteria may be determined by microscopic examination, but the presence of the bacteria does not mean the water is toxic.
		This decreases the surface area needed for multiplication of the cyanobacteria, maintains an adequate supply of water for the livestock, and decreases the effect of wind on the surface of the pond.
	www.ag.ndsu.edu /pubs/ansci/animpest/v1136w.htm (903 words)

	Algae, Cyanobacteria and Water Quality
		Algae and cyanobacteria are tiny organisms that occur naturally in saltwater and freshwater.
		Cyanobacteria are members of a group known as eubacteria or true bacteria.
		Cyanobacteria are classified as bacteria, not algae, since their genetic material is not organized in a membrane-bound nucleus.
	www.agr.gc.ca /pfra/water/algcyano_e.htm (1718 words)

	Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 - Introduction
		Cyanobacteria presumably are the oldest organisms capable of oxygenic photosynthesis, which is the process of using light energy to oxidize water (forming molecular oxygen) and to generate electrons that eventually can be used to fix carbon dioxide to sugars.
		Cyanobacteria or their close relatives are the evolutionary ancestors to chloroplasts [Figure 2] [pdf].
		Cyanobacteria can be found virtually anywhere near the surface of the earth, from Antarctica to hot springs, and the most thermophilic organism capable of oxygenic photosynthesis is a cyanobacterium.
	lsweb.la.asu.edu /Synechocystis (1030 words)

	Algae control and cyanobacteria
		Cyanobacteria are considered to be the most ancient of all photosynthetic organisms.
		Many cyanobacteria are “extremophiles” capable of surviving environmental extremes in deserts, Antarctica and even on the surface of shingle roofs.
		Surface mats of cyanobacteria growth are usually noted on areas of greens with poor drainage and areas that are partially shaded.
	grounds-mag.com /mag/grounds_maintenance_algae_crusty_foes (1193 words)

	Family trees of ancient bacteria reveal evolutionary moves (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Cyanobacteria are organisms that gave rise to chloroplasts, the oxygen factory in plant cells.
		A half billion years ago Cyanobacteria predated more complex organisms like multi-cellular plants and functioned in a world where the oxygen level of the biosphere was much less than it is today.
		Cyanobacteria emerging some two billion years ago were becoming complex microbes that had larger cell diameters than earlier groups - at least 2.5 microns.
	news-info.wustl.edu /news/page/normal/4504.html (709 words)

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