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Topic: CYP


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  The Worldwide Physiologist: cytochrome P450
This Web-page is intended as an introduction to CYP and its importance in clinical medicine.
It is not surprising that much of the CYP in man is found in the liver, the main organ involved in drug and toxin removal, but a remarkable amount is also found in the small intestine.
This section looks at how we classify CYP, polymorphism and its importance, and enzyme induction as well as other controversial issues such as the importance of CYP to drug design, the relationship between CYP and P-glycoprotein, and how CYP has been implicated in causing cancer and other diseases.
www.anaesthetist.com /physiol/basics/metabol/cyp/cyp.htm   (2690 words)

  
  Cytochrome P450
CYP isoenzymes are responsible for oxidative metabolism (Phase I) of many drugs, steroids and carcinogens.
CYP isoenzymes are a group of heme-containing enzymes embedded primarily in the lipid bi-layer of the endoplastic reticulum of hepatocytes (liver cells).
All CYP isoenzymes in the same family have at least 40% structural similarity, and those in the same subfamily have at least 60% structural similarity.
www.uchsc.edu /sm/psych/ppfr/cyp_metabolism.htm   (1150 words)

  
 Clinically Significant CYP450 Drug Interactions
CYP 3A3/4 is the most abundant CYP 450 isoenzyme in humans and is responsible for the metabolism of the widest range of drugs/substances (aka substrates).
CYP 1A2 - erythromycin and fluvoxamine are potent inhibitors of this enzyme.
It is mainly metabolized by the CYP 3A4 and the 2C9 isoenzymes.
www.theberries.ns.ca /Archives/cyp450.html   (713 words)

  
 Cytochromes P450 in Benzene Metabolism and Involvement of Their Metabolites and Reactive Oxygen Species in Toxicity
Cytochrome P450 (CYP EC 1.14.14.1) is a family of enzymes that oxidize or reduce chemicals to reactive intermediates that may alkylate nucleic acids, proteins, and CYP itself (1).
Oxidative metabolites of benzene cause its myelotoxicity and carcinogenicity (2) and CYP destruction (1,3).
CYP destruction in vivo in rats pretreated with phenobarbital (80 mg/kg/day, ip for 3 days) to induce CYP 2B1 and subsequently exposed to 12-hr inhalation of benzene 12, 24, or 36 hr after the last dose of phenobarbital.
ehp.niehs.nih.gov /docs/1996/Suppl-6/gut.html   (4557 words)

  
 Calculator for Cypriot Pound (CYP) Currency Exchange Rate Conversion
Enter the amount to be converted in the box to the left of the currency and press the "convert" button.
The number of significant figures in the result will depend on the number of significant figures in the input and in the conversion factors.
The results are rounded to the nearest amount that can be expressed in coins and notes.
coinmill.com /CYP_calculator.html   (314 words)

  
 Financial Mirror
Global Consolidator, formerly Globalsoft, reported that during the first quarter of 2005 it lost CYP 150.527 compared to CYP 367.183 losses in the same period a year ago, but managed to stabilise the situation with respect to ongoing operations, where losses were the same.
A year ago in the first quarter, GLC had lost CYP 141.510 from ongoing operations and CYP 225.673 from operations that were terminated in the first quarter of 2004.
Operating losses amounted to CYP 150.310, which were further burdened by CYP 16.040 in finance costs, but helped by positive taxation of CYP 15.823, resulting in net losses of CYP 150.527 for the quarter.
www.financialmirror.com /more_news.php?id=996   (351 words)

  
 Xak.com: Inv. Funds hold CYP 50 mln in cash
Approved Investment Companies are holding CYP 49.36 mln in cash, or 21.5% of their total assets according to stock market filings for the period ending December 31, 2002, giving them the munition to buy stocks on the cheap, pushing the market up.
Aiantas is the third largest fund in terms of assets with CYP 19.09 mln, followed by Cytrustees with CYP 15.9 mln, Dodoni with CYP 13.04 mln and Apollo with CYP 10.86 mln.
Among the smaller funds, Perseas is the most aggressive, holding CYP 414.000 or 33% of its portfolio abroad, followed by PSD with CYP 170.000, or 30% of its assets and Confine with CYP 571.000 or 28% of its portfolio mix in foreign investments.
www.xak.com /main/newsshow.asp?id=19142   (1168 words)

  
 POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZODIOXINS, POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS, AND COPLANAR POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (JECFA 48, 2002)
(a) Induction of CYP 1A1 and CYP 1A2
Analysis of hepatic tissue for highly carboxylated porphyrins and CYP 1A1 and 1A2 induction indicated that the binding affinity of the congeners to the Ah receptor in vivo was related to CYP 1A2 induction, which was in turn correlated to hepatic porphyrin accumulation.
Induction of hepatic CYP 1A1 (all doses) and CYP 1A2 (two higher doses) was determined by northern blot hybridization, and dose-dependent induction of a human TCDD-responsive CYP gene was detected in the livers of rats of each sex.
www.inchem.org /documents/jecfa/jecmono/v48je20.htm   (15130 words)

  
 CYP Guidelines   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
When an entity refers to a CYP and the entity is in the SAME SENTENCE as the CYP, then that entity should be tagged as CYP.
Later in the project, either in CYP entity annotation or in Prop-banking, a type of annotation which we have not yet begun, we will annotate the relations between the name, value, and unit of a quantitative measurement.
When the name of a CYP enzyme or Substance, or a Quantitative-value, appears within a Quantitative-unit string, the name or value is not tagged separately.
www.cis.upenn.edu /~mamandel/annotators/cyp/guidelines.html   (3930 words)

  
 CYTOCHROME P450 (CYP) ANTIBODIES
CYP enzymes play an important role in the metabolic activation of environmental procarcinogens or chemical carcinogenesis, these enzymes are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids.
Mutations in this gene have been associated with primary congenital glaucoma; therefore it is thought that the enzyme also metabolizes a signaling molecule involved in eye development, possibly a steroid.The CYP enzymes exist is several isoforms, as regards to their conservation of structural characteristics and differences to their electron supplying redox partners.
This enzyme is involved in an NADH-Dependent electron transport pathway; it oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds and participates in the metabolism of an as-yet unknown biologically active molecule that is a participant in eye development.
www.4adi.com /flr/cyp450.html   (504 words)

  
 Sequencing CYP
The CYP superfamily of genes is conserved across kingdoms, from the bacteria, plants, and fungi to the higher eukaryotes.
Members of the CYP family are also involved in the metabolism of eicosanoids, steroids, and fatty acids.
Because the superfamily's conserved genes are also heavily duplicated within a given species, they provide an excellent system for examining how species, given the basic building blocks of the gene family, copy and rearrange the genes and thereby accumulate a set of enzymes appropriate for their own needs.
ehp.niehs.nih.gov /txg/docs/2003/111-15/ss/ss.html   (711 words)

  
 Xak.com: Cash balances unchanged at CYP 53.8 mln
About 44% of total investments, or CYP 95.2 mln were allocated to investments in CSE titles while another CYP 21.8 mln, or 10.2% were held in unlisted titles, some of which were parked in group related companies.
With CYP 5.7 mln in foreign investments, or 52% of its total assets, Apollo was by far the biggest investor abroad, and similar to Actibond, its foreign investments exceeded its local investments, amounting to only CYP 4.1 mln.
The total amount of investments abroad amounted to CYP 13.8 mln, or 6.5% of total assets and is considered very small compared to the overall CYP 214 mln total, mostly because of the lack of significant foreign investments by Demetra, Athena and Interfund.
www.xak.com /main/newsshow.asp?id=34834   (917 words)

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