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	PBS - THE WEST - Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca
		Cabeza de Vaca was born into the Spanish nobility in 1490.
		As Cabeza de Vaca remembered, his countrymen were "dumbfounded at the sight of me, strangely dressed and in company with Indians.
		Appalled by the Spanish treatment of Indians, in 1537 Cabeza de Vaca returned to Spain to publish an account of his experiences and to urge a more generous policy upon the crown.
	www.pbs.org /weta/thewest/people/a_c/cabezadevaca.htm (495 words)

	Gale - Free Resources - Hispanic Heritage - Biographies - Alvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
		Cabeza de Vaca and his men called it the Bay of the Horses because they had killed and eaten the last of their horses there.
		Cabeza de Vaca later crossed to the mainland and traveled west, attempting to reach by foot the town of Pánuco in eastern Mexico.
		Although Cabeza de Vaca had experienced only poverty and hardship on his long trip, he told tales of the fabulous riches that were to be found in the "Seven Golden Cities of Cíbola." He indicated they were somewhere beyond the region where he had traveled.
	www.galegroup.com /free_resources/chh/bio/cabeza_a.htm (1566 words)

	Cabeza de Vaca's Adventure in South America 1540-1545
		Cabeza de Vaca's appointment was connected to the agreement of his ideas concerning the treatment of the natives with the thinking that was emerging within the King's circle.
		Cabeza de Vaca agreed to the return, which itself was a arduous endeavor involving fighting the Guaxarapo tribe on the river.
		Cabeza de Vaca was condemned to the loss of all of his offices in the government of Rio de la Plata Province and was not to return to the Indies on penalty of death.
	www.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/cabeza3.htm (4233 words)

	Learning From Cabeza de Vaca
		Cabeza de Vaca and his fellow trekkers were the first to document South Texas’ and northeast Mexico’s millennia-old techniques of gathering and baking nopalitos (newly emerged prickly pear “pads”) and green tunas (unripe fruit of the prickly pear cactus) overnight in earth ovens.
		Cabeza de Vaca may have already known the Avavares and neighboring groups from his own participation in trade fairs when he was living with the Charruco.
		Cabeza de Vaca’s accounts are unprecedented in details about native lifeways in South Texas, including types of food and cooking technology, at a time when the first wave of Old World invaders began to penetrate the interior regions of the New World and lay the ground work for conquering the regions’ inhabitants and their lands.
	www.texasbeyondhistory.net /cabeza-cooking/index.html (2206 words)

	álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca - Encyclopedia.com
		Cabeza de Vaca [cow's head] was not actually a surname but a hereditary title in his mother's family; he is frequently called simply Álvar Núñez.
		Cabeza de Vaca came to the New World as treasurer in the expedition of Pánfilo de Narváez that reached Florida (probably Tampa Bay) in 1528.
		Cabeza de Vaca's own account, Los naufragios [the shipwrecked men] (1542), is the chief document of the startling adventures of his party.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Cabezade.html (477 words)

	Learning From Cabeza de Vaca
		As Cabeza de Vaca would learn later from the Avavares people he met at the prickly pear grounds in the heartland of South Texas, every member of one barge that wrecked down the coast from Galveston Island was killed on the spot.
		Cabeza de Vaca’s refrain—“we dug up whatever we were to eat, and carried our own loads of water and wood”—likely would have rung true to hunter-gatherers any time during the preceding 9,000 years.
		Cabeza de Vaca observed that native peoples used the dense thorny scrub brush as a defensive ploy against enemies, building huts for the women and children in the center of the thickets and lighting fires inside them at night.
	www.texasbeyondhistory.net /cabeza-cooking/encounters.html (1739 words)

	Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
		Cabeza served in the Spanish army under Charles V and his fame in the Americas began with his appointment as treasurer for the expeditions of Pánfilo de Narváez of 1527-28, who has served with Cortés in the conquest of Mexico.
		Cabeza de Vaca afterwards continued to serve the Spanish King in 1540 in what became Paraguay, accused of wrong doing and banished to North Africa after being called back to Spain, but later found innocent of charges and died in Spain sometime in the 1550's.
		It was at Cavallo Pass that Cabeza de Vaca remarked that this inlet was a league wide and uniformly deep and reminded him of Espíritu Santo Bay, referring to the mouth of the Mississippi as described by Pineda in his map of 1519.
	www.tamu.edu /ccbn/dewitt/cabeza.htm (8494 words)

	Heath Anthology of American LiteratureAlvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca - Author Page
		Cabeza de Vaca, a promising young noble, was assigned by Emperor Carlos V as the Crown’s treasurer to the Pánfilo de Narváez expedition chartered to explore the Gulf coast in 1528.
		Cabeza de Vaca and three companions survived by acculturating to the point where they were allowed to move freely among the tribes.
		Cabeza de Vaca’s tale is hagiography, captivity narrative, and immigrant tale.
	www.college.hmco.com /english/lauter/heath/4e/students/author_pages/colonial/devaca_al.html (1002 words)

	Adventures in the Unknown Interior of America, de Vaca
		Pedro de Vera, the sadistic conqueror of the Canaries, was Álvar Núñez's grandfather.
		When Cabeza de Vaca sincerely represented the possible riches of the unexplored country to the north in glowing terms to the viceroy (for the viceroy was the personal representative of the king), Mendoza promptly set about acting on the intelligence.
		Cabeza de Vaca' s league seems to be the 3.1-mile Spanish league of his time rather than the 2.6-mile, though he may use the latter occasionally.
	www.eldritchpress.org /cdv/rel.htm (21074 words)

	Cabeza de Vaca
		In 1511, at the age of twenty-one, Cabeza de Vaca joined the Spanish Army and was sent by King Ferdinand to Italy to aid Pope Julius II in keeping the French forces from attacking the Vatican.
		Cabeza de Vaca was in charge of one of the flatboats with 49 men.
		Cabeza de Vaca and Dorantes became slaves of the Mariames, central plain Indians.
	www.epcc.edu /nwlibrary/borderlands/17_cabeza_de_vaca.htm (1637 words)

	Heath Anthology of American LiteratureAlvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca - Author Page
		Cabeza de Vaca, a promising young noble, was assigned by Emperor Carlos V as the Crown’s treasurer to the Pánfilo de Narváez expedition chartered to explore the Gulf coast in 1528.
		Cabeza de Vaca and three companions survived by acculturating to the point where they were allowed to move freely among the tribes.
		Cabeza de Vaca’s tale is hagiography, captivity narrative, and immigrant tale.
	college.hmco.com /english/lauter/heath/4e/students/author_pages/colonial/devaca_al.html (1002 words)

	Articles: Cabeza de Vaca, Alvar Nuñez - Historical Text Archive
		Cabeza de Vaca spent his youth in Jérez and later joined the military where he was sent to Italy to fight in the battle of Ravenna in 1512.
		Cabeza de Vaca was hesitant to take on this responsibility, yet agreed because the Indians withheld food from him and his men until he agreed to do so.
		Cabeza de Vaca is also honored as the patron saint of the Texas Surgical Society because of his surgical skills used on the Indians.
	www.historicaltextarchive.com /sections.php?op=viewarticle&artid=450 (2151 words)

	pag2-synopsis (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The film flashes back to 1528 when Cabeza de Vaca and a small group of survivors from the disastrous Narvaez expedition (to claim Florida for Spain) land on Galveston Island, Texas, in a makeshift raft and are attacked and captured by a tribe of native Americans.
		Cabeza de Vaca takes part in the ritualistic healing of a native's eye wound, experiences a mystical connection to the supernatural, and discovers his own healing powers.
		Cabeza de Vaca discovers to his great sorrow that the Spanish are enslaving natives to help build a cathedral in the desert and have killed Cascabel.
	www.lehigh.edu /~ineng/pag2/pag2-synopsis.html (419 words)

	Cabeza
		Cabeza de Vaca was born in 1490 in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain.
		Cabeza de Vaca was one of the eighty survivors.
		Cabeza de Vaca was a slave for the first year on the island, but escaped to a different tribe (the semi-nomadic Coahuiltecans) and became a trader of snails, hides, and shells.
	www.lakesideschool.org /studentweb/worldhistory/globalcontactse/cabeza.htm (1238 words)

	Cabeza de Vaca - MSN Encarta
		Early in 1535, Cabeza de Vaca and the three other survivors of the expedition escaped and began a trek through what are now the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.
		Cabeza de Vaca returned to Spain in 1537 and was rewarded with an appointment as governor of Río de la Plata (now largely Paraguay).
		In 1541-42 Cabeza de Vaca led an expedition 1609 km (1000 mi) through the south of present-day Brazil to Asunción, the capital of Río de la Plata.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761563165/Cabeza_de_Vaca.html (327 words)

	Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca’s Relación, later known as “Naufragios,” or “shipwrecks, calamities” is the ...
		Cabeza de Vaca leaves the reader with all these choices at the head and foot of his account.
		“Cabeza de Vaca’s relación is thus at one and the same time a documentary account of a lived experience and an attempt to interpret it and give it transcendent meaning.
		Cabeza de Vaca’s alternate, searching references to the will of the Christian God and the superstitious prophecy of the non-Christian Extremaduran woman do not give us his answer to the question, but they do reveal the seriousness of his effort to address it.
	www.mith2.umd.edu /summit/Proceedings/Adorno2.htm (1114 words)

	Cabeza de Vaca's Travels Through Mid-North America 1528-1536
		Cabeça de Vaca was a native of Jerez.
		Cabeza de Vaca led an advance troop of fifty infantry and nine cavalry to capture the town of Apalachen.
		Cabeza de Cabeza de Vaca endured about a year of slavery in which he was required to harvest a root among the shoals.
	www.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/cabeza.htm (3385 words)

	Cabeza de Vaca - Encyclopedia.com
		The Narrative of Cabeza de Vaca is the report ostensibly addressed to Charles I of Spain...
		Cabeza de Vaca, at the KB Janus in Spanish and native...
		Cabeza de Vaca's narrative is one of the most...
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-X-Vaca-Cab.html (939 words)

	'Cabeza De Vaca'
		Cabeza de Vaca" chronicles the torturous spiritual journey of a Spanish conquistador, a devout Catholic who is converted to native American shamanism when shipwrecked in 16th-century Mexico.
		Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca, played with loony passion by Juan Diego, was among five survivors of a 600-man expedition that foundered off the east coast of Mexico in 1528.
		Cabeza de Vaca, at the KB Janus in Spanish and native American languages, is rated R for nudity and violence.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/cabezadevacarkempley_a0a2f6.htm (437 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online: CABEZA DE VACA, ALVAR NUNEZ
		Cabeza de Vaca recovered from a near fatal illness and later became the first European merchant in Texas.
		In 1532 Cabeza de Vaca convinced the reluctant Spaniard to accompany him along the coast toward Pánuco, as the other survivors had done in the spring of 1529.
		Cabeza de Vaca and the other castaways traveled from the environs of Galveston Island to Culiacán, an outpost near the Pacific Coast of Mexico, where they arrived in early 1536.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/print/CC/fca6.html (1220 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca
		One of the Alhajas informed the Christians of a mountain pass by which the position of the Arabs could be turned, and indicated the entrance by placing the skull of a cow near it.
		Cabeza de Vaca arrived at the city of Mexico in 1536.
		Cabeza de Vaca, and the same may be stated in regard to histories of Argentina and
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03126c.htm (675 words)

	American Journeys Background on The Journey of Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca
		Alvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (c.1490-c.1560) was born in Jeréz de la Frontera, Spain, to a noble family; his early career was in the military.
		Cabeza de Vaca returned to Spain in 1537 and expressed outrage at the Spanish treatment of Indians.
		Cabeza de Vaca’s account is distinguished from later accounts by a greater level of detail about, and a greater respect for, the native inhabitants.
	www.americanjourneys.org /aj-070/summary/index.asp (741 words)

	Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca was the European to cross North America in the early 1500's
		Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca was the European to cross North America in the early 1500's
		Cabeza de Vaca was second in command in the ill fated expedition of Panfilo de Narvaez, charged with exploring Florida and claiming its territory for Spain.
		When Narvaez lost his ships and his men, and then disappeared himself, Cabeza de Vaca took charge of the handful of survivors, whose ranks would be whittled down to almost nothing by Indian attacks, starvation, disease and accidents, until only the four men who eventually made their way to Ojinaga were left.
	ojinaga.com /cabeza (179 words)

	Vaca Cabeza De: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		...Sauer and Cleve Hallenbeck that Cabeza de Vaca and his companions had traveled...scholarship on the subject Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca: The Journey and Route of the...Dona Teresa, whose surname was Cabeza de Vaca, or Head of a Cow.
		The De Soto Chronicles: The Expedition of Hernando de Soto to North America in 1539-1543 - Vol.
		The Narrative of Cabeza De Vaca: Alvar Nunez Cabeza De Vaca.
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/vaca-cabeza-de.jsp?l=V&p=1 (1475 words)

	Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In 1527, Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (AHL vahr NOO nyehs kah BEH sah deh VAH kah) left Spain to go on an expedition to the southeastern part of North America.
		Cabeza de Vaca and other expedition members had to make a difficult journey by foot along the coast.
		Cabeza de Vaca landed on an island off the coast of Texas.
	www.eduplace.com /kids/socsci/fl/books/bkd_fl/biographies/bk_template.jsp?name=cabezadv&bk=bkd_fl&authorname=cabezadv&state=fl (191 words)

	An Incredible Journey: the Story of Cabeza de Vaca
		De Vaca's incredible adaptation skills are very likely what saved his life.
		De Vaca initially sidestepped the role of shaman and became a tribe tradesman.
		De Vaca's journey had given him a newfound respect for the natives and their culture.
	www.geocities.com /smbualaw01/Cabeza_de_Vaca.html (212 words)

	Digital History
		Cabeza de Vaca, who lived from about 1490 to around 1557, was the first European to explore North America and leave a written record.
		Cabeza de Vaca was a member of a Spanish expedition that set out to colonize Florida in 1527.
		In this passage from his journal, Cabeza de Vaca describes his party's finally meeting up with a group of Spaniards in Mexico--who were in the process of enslaving Indians.
	www.digitalhistory.uh.edu /mexican_voices/voices_display.cfm?id=22 (982 words)

	:: GALLERY IN THE SUN - Cabeza de Vaca ::
		After numerous hardships, Cabeza de Vaca was one of the few who endured the journey all the way to the New World.
		Cabeza de Vaca was now forced to find a way to survive in a strange land amongst the native life and culture of the increasingly intolerant Indians.
		Along with the group of Indians, Cabeza de Vaca continued to wander through the American wilderness and after ten years made his way across the entire continent to the Pacific coast.
	www.degrazia.org /CabezaDeVaca.aspx (315 words)

	Consejos De Cocina
		La carne de vaca : al elegirla debemos fijarnos en su color, deberá ser oscura con vetas de pequeñas fibras blancas, y cubierta de gordura; los cortes mejores son los del pecho y cuello.
		De antemano debe disponerse todo para hacerlo con un grado de calor suficiente por medio de un fuego activo ó moderado, según se necesite.
		Para evitar que se seque la carne de vaca, aunque ésta exige ménos fuego, es necesario rociarla y untarla más á menudo con la grasa.
	www.consejosdecocina.com (961 words)

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