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Topic: Cabildos

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	The Cabildo Processions of Regla
		The colonial authorities and Spanish legislation initially favored the establishment of the cabildos for the amusement of the slave population of the island.[viii] Initially, they were meant to be a means of social control, a type of pressure-releasing valve that helped alleviate the tensions between the masters and the slaves.
		Cabildos were the African “churches,” the place where they could consult the deities and ancestors who accompanied them on the forced voyage.
		Once the cabildo paid tribute to the tutelary deities of the house, and obi had responded in a favorable manner, the homaged olorisha would then join the crowd of marchers as they continued to parade down the long and narrow street of the port town.
	ilarioba.tripod.com /cabildos.htm (1892 words)

	Music of Cuba
		Cabildos preserved African cultural traditions, even after the Emancipation in 1886 forced them to unite with the Roman Catholic church.
		One of the most vibrant cabildos was the Lucumí[?], which became known for batá drums[?], played traditionally at initiation ceremonies, and gourd ensembles called abwe[?].
		The Kongo cabildo is known for its use of yuka drums[?], as well as gallos[?] (a form of song contest), makuta[?] and mani dances, the latter being closely related to the Brazilian martial dance capoeira.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/cu/Cuban_music.html (827 words)

	Colombia Colonial Administration - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, ...
		Cabildos initially were elected by popular vote, but later seats were sold by the crown, and positions on the council thus lost their democratic character.
		The cabildos became the first effective agency of civil government, regularizing the processes of government and tempering the authority of the governor, even though their membership was composed of his subordinates.
		The mayors on the cabildo were elected annually and initially acted as judges in courts of first instance with criminal and civil jurisdiction.
	workmall.com /wfb2001/colombia/colombia_history_colonial_administration.html (632 words)

	MHSchool: McGraw-Hill Music 2005
		Through the cabildos, Catholicism was fused with the religious beliefs and practices of the Afro-Cuban population.
		Groups of Afro-Cuban musicians from the cabildos were allowed to perform what were called tango congo each year at the Christian holiday called Feast of the Epiphany (usually January 6, commemorating the story of the Three Kings’ arrival and presentation of gifts to the baby Jesus).
		Each cabildo had its own characteristic themes, rhythms, and costumes, and the improvised instruments often included stave-drums made from long strips of wood, tire-rims, frying pans and bells, trumpets and other brass instruments.
	mhschool.com /music/2005/teacher/teachingideas/folk/cuban/index.html (1615 words)

	EL CONCEJO MUNICIPAL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Todo este legado histórico hace que los cabildos de hoy evalúen sus desafíos de cara a la reconstrucción de la democracia municipal y a la consolidación de la paz y la reconciliación entre los colombianos.
		El cabildo se interesaba por el arreglo de los caminos públicos, la construcción de puentes, el sostenimiento de posadas para los viajeros y comerciantes; así mismo otorgaban la patente de vecino o el permiso por el establecimiento de algún negocio.
		Los cabildos de indígenas, además de los funcionarios de los municipios españoles, tenían los alguaciles de doctrina y otros funcionarios propios de los municipios indígenas; fueron manejados por las autoridades españolas, y, a veces, por los caciques.
	cabildo.com.co /Articulos/concejo_municipal.htm (12947 words)

	The articulation of communal tenure and private property regimes: a framework for future research in Colombian ...
		cabildos have been attributed with a range of functions such as to watch over the application of legal norms regarding the use of the land, to design policies and programs for development within the territory, in line with national policies, and to identify and distribute resources and to safeguard natural diversity.
		cabildo (but conceivably also other forms of authority), degrees of internal differentiation with respect to access to power and resources (particularly land), and the issue of the social cohesion and continuity of indigenous communities (a good framework for a study of this kind is provided by Depew, 1994).
		cabildo is heavily compromised by the situation of land scarcity in the
	www.alertanet.org /dc-jsandt-tierras.htm (8666 words)

	EDUARDO R. SAGUIER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Alternativa in the Cabildo recusations of the 18 th century Rio de la Plata world.
		Ethnocentrism and nepotism of Cabildos in the Rio de la Plata cities lacking immigration (1700-1776).
		Endogamy in the Cabildos of the Rio de la Plata viceroyalty (1760-1790).
	www.er-saguier.org /tomo_07.php (652 words)

	History
		Soon after Emancipation in 1886, cabildos were required to adopt the name of a Catholic patron saint, to register with local church authorities and when dissolved, to transfer their property to the Catholic Church.
		The cabildos not only preserved specific African practices, their members also creatively reunited and resynthesized many regional African traditions, some, as in the case of the Yoruba, long separated by migration and war.
		Forged in the cabildos and amidst the grueling labor at the sugar mills, four major Afro-Cuban divisions (Lucumí, Arará, Abakuá, Kongo) are represented in Cuba.
	www.cwo.com /~lucumi/history.htm (2242 words)

	Respuestas a los cabildos
		En los cabildos del año 2002 se tratan específicamente estos proyectos y se establecen acuerdos y compromisos mutuos para su realización y operación.
		Las demandas de los cabildos sociales, han dado insumos para que el municipio incluya en sus políticas, programas y proyectos, aspectos tan importantes como la equidad de género, generacional y étnica.
		Adicionalmente a los cabildos, esta nueva propuesta de gestión de la ciudad, ha dado paso a formas innovadoras de planificación y participación comunitaria como los comités de seguridad barrial, los consejos zonales de salud, las redes contra la violencia intra familiar, las redes de gestores culturales comunitarios, entre otras.
	www.quito.gov.ec /municipio/alcalde/m_alc_ges_qparticipativa1.htm (327 words)

	As Procissões dos Cabildos de Re
		Tal como Sandoval tem escrito, os cabildos foram “as instituições que fizeram viável a conservação da idiossincrasia, da religião e da cultura de cada nação africana”.[XIV] Simultaneamente, os cabildos constantemente vigoraram as identidades que a aculturação ocidental tratou de erradicar.
		Outra lei, de abril de 1888, proibiu aos cabildos de se organizarem no típico estilo colonial e demandou que em vez disso, se organizassem como sociedades ou organizações, seguindo as leis estabelecidas para as sociedades cubanas.
		Uma vez que o cabildo tivesse pagado tributo às divindades tutelares da casa, e o obi tivesse respondido favoravelmente, então, o/a olorixá homenageado/a acompanhava a multidão de marchadores em sua parada, descendo pela longa e estreita rua da cidade portuária.
	ilarioba.tripod.com /cabildosport.htm (2004 words)

	American Indian Nations
		The period 1790 to 1820 offers a particularly rich documentary record because of a dramatic increase in the foundation of cabildos as a result of the massive importation of slaves fueled by the spread of sugar plantations across the island.
		Focusing on the internal operations of the cabildos, the article examines how gender, ethnicity, and place of birth shaped the election of leaders.
		The article argues that the Cuban cabildos served a crucial function for its members in a rapidly expanding slave society by providing a limited sense of autonomy and a collective form of organization that both reinforced and recreated the cultural importance of African ethnicity in Cuba.
	www.americanindian.ucr.edu /events/ethnohistory_conference_03/african_ethnicity.html (535 words)

	Cabildo - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
		Cabildo: comuna de la V Región de Valparaíso, Chile.
		Cabildo de Buenos Aires: edificio público que se utilizaba como recinto de las autoridades virreinales en Buenos Aires, Argentina.
		Cabildo de Montevideo: edificio público que se utilizaba como recinto de las autoridades virreinales y más tarde como sede del Poder Legislativo.
	es.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cabildo (188 words)

	SIECAN / CABILDOS / TENERIFE
		The Cabildo of Tenerife (Tenerife Island Authority) has always worked to have an effect on all those aspects that contribute to the economic development of the island and its measures to create employment through small and medium-sized businesses is no exception.
		The objective of the agreement is to channel the funds provided by the Cabildo in an effective manner, in such a way that they serve to support the development and to relaunch the economic activity of industrial and commercial SMEs on the island by improving management, productivity and technological innovation.
		The Cabildo of Tenerife has set up, in conjunction with other institutions and associations, an integral medium-term development programme for the textile sector in general and the fashion textile subsector in particular.
	www.siecan.org /ingles/cabildos/cab_tenerife.html (928 words)

	SIECAN / CABILDOS / GRAN CANARIA
		Within the Cabildo of Grand Canary (Grand Canary Island Authority), the Department of Industry, Commerce and Crafts is responsible for designing the policies in support of the business sector.
		The objective of this agreement to be developed between the Cabildo of Grand Canary and CECAPYME is to create a programme for the Modernisation of Small and Medium-sized Canarian Enterprises (MOPYCAN) to assist entrepreneurs in SMEs to start up and it will use an Integral Business Modernisation and Updating System.
		Collaboration Agreement between the Cabildo of Grand Canary and the Regional Government of the Canary Islands.
	www.siecan.org /ingles/cabildos/cab_gran_canaria.html (1197 words)

	BBC Mundo \| América Latina \| Cabildos radiales, una voz en Bolivia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Se trata de los cabildos radiales, una forma de mediación interactiva creada por la Fundación Tierra, una organización no gubernamental que funciona desde el año 1991, para promover el desarrollo rural y la democratización en el acceso, tenencia y uso de la tierra.
		Los cabildos radiales se realizan en pueblos y comunidades del Altiplano, los Valles y las Tierras Bajas o el Oriente.
		Según sus organizadores, los cabildos radiales no dan abasto frente a la creciente demanda de las comunidades radiales por este tipo de programas.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/spanish/latin_america/newsid_4514000/4514331.stm (532 words)

	cuba_c.html
		Cabildos are the cultural and spiritual mutual aid societies where members of the same African ethnic group gathered.
		Leaving the cabildo Santa Barbara, we proceeded to another cabildo, the Society of Charity.
		On the back patio of the museum we saw a performance by a local group, which somewhat apologetically explained that there were "amateurs" and were simply offering the music and dance passed down to them by their families.
	www.mindspring.com /~wec/cuba_c.html (690 words)

	Conjunto Folklorico Nacional de Cuba
		However, in early 18th century Cuba the Spanish Catholic Church created mutual aid societies, called cabildos, as a medium of entertainment and reconstruction of many aspects of their ethnic heritage.
		There came to be Yoruba cabildos, Congo (Bantu) cabildos and Arara (Fon) cabildos in Cuba.
		Yoruba religious ceremonies were practiced and preserved in the cabildos of Cuba as the slaves seemingly synchronized their masters' pantheon of Catholic saints with their own pantheon of orisha.
	www.bembe.com /conjunto/index.html (729 words)

	"By the people": constitution making in Nicaragua (1986) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Yet the value of a participatory institution is established not so much by who chooses not to use it as by the use to which it is put by those who do choose to use it, and, finally, by the extent to which public input influences the final product.
		A series of cabildos abiertos was held in the Caribbean coastal regions, where Miskitos and other Amerindians demanded the inclusion of special regional rights in the constitution.
		Those who did address structural issues, however, asked that judges be apolitical, that the mayor of Managua be elected rather than appointed, that the respective roles of the Sandinista army and the Ministry of the Interior be clarified, and, by a slight margin, that the National Assembly be assigned control of the budget.
	worldpolicy.org /globalrights/nicaragua/1986-1208-C&C.html (4882 words)

	A passion for Cuba: University of Connecticut music professor explores African roots in the island nation - Faculty ...
		For example, there are cabildos for people whose roots lie in the Congo region (of Africa); others for people whose ancestors were Yoruba from present-day Nigeria.
		One of the cabildos Stephens' group visits was founded in the 1820s--and is still maintained by the same family.
		The situation stands in sharp contrast to conditions in the United States, where, due to the hostility of Protestant religions, "all things African were absolutely abhorred," explains Stephens.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0DXK/is_13_19/ai_90793252 (847 words)

	SIECAN / CABILDOS / EL HIERRO
		It is in the Office of Agriculture, Livestock and Fishing and more specifically in the Agency for Employment and Local Development that the Cabildo’s activities regarding small and medium-sized businesses are concentrated.
		The courses may be related to the functioning of the business or the procedures for starting up a business.
		This initiative is being carried out through a collaboration between the Cabildo and the Santa Cruz de Tenerife of Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Shipping, which is previously informed of the concrete level of demand.
	www.siecan.org /ingles/cabildos/cab_elhierro.html (333 words)

	ATH 175 Peoples of the World
		Social clubs for both slaves and free fls called cabildos were formed (Smallwood).
		These cabildos served as a place for African rituals, belief systems, dances, songs, chants and instruments to be shared and practiced.
		Initially the cabildos were organized according to ethnic groups, though over time these groups were consolidated (Smallwood).
	www.units.muohio.edu /ath175/student/siegelml/culture.html (969 words)

	Afrocuba Anthology. Otoño 2003. Transnacionalización de los cabildos afrocubanos.
		El proceso de transnacionalización de una docena de naciones africanas toma forma a partir de un total de 7, 316 negros y mulatos(1) agrupados en diesisiete cabildos para 1816, según consta en la Rota de cabildos de negros en Matanzas (2)..
		A los esclavos se les impone la forma de organización del cabildo sevillano y ellos la asimilan adaptando sus grupos étnicos según las estructuras de poder que ya habían desarrollado en las ciudades estado de los imperios africanos.
		Existieron entonces dos formas de cabildo: los independientes, que no tenían relaciones legales entre sí, y aquellos que pertenecían a las llamadas Cinco Naciones Congas de Matanzas.
	www.afrocuba.org /Antol2/Trans1.htm (802 words)

	CABILDOS Vinyl Records ~ Used, Rare, Collectible and Vintage Vinyl LPs & 45s
		Records by Mail maintains one of the largest selections of rare and vintage CABILDOS vinyl records available anywhere - online or off.
		We are continually scouring the country and the world for the rarest & finest vintage CABILDOS records, LPs & 45s.
		You'll find that our CABILDOS records are always in excellent condition and are painstakingly graded so you'll know exactly what you're getting.
	www.recordsbymail.com /static/artistSearch.php/artistFirst/artistLast/CABILDOS (118 words)

	Lynch (1955) Intendants and Cabildos in the Viceroyalty of La Plata, 1782-1810. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Lynch (1955) Intendants and Cabildos in the Viceroyalty of La Plata, 1782-1810.
		Intendants and Cabildos in the Viceroyalty of La Plata, 1782-1810.
		To view the the latter's ratings, click on Chapters/Papers/Articles in the STATISTICS box, select a publication from the list that appears, and then click on either Quality or Interest in that publication's STATISTICS box.
	www.getcited.org /?PUB=103401838&showStat=Ratings (87 words)

	SSHA Preliminary Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Atlantic slave trade and its legacy symbolize one of the strongest events that fashioned and continue to influence identities in the Americas.
		The Cabildos de Nación multiplied themselves during the last decades of the eighteenth century and the nineteenth century throughout the major producing regions of the western portion of the island, mainly in Havana and Matanzas.
		This demonstrates that the institution of Cabildos de Nación in Cuba might also come from African themselves, not only from the Catholic Spain’s attempts to teach the Cuban slave population with the principles of Catholicism.
	www.ssha.org /abstract2006/abs152.html (273 words)

	Changing History: Afro-Cuban Cabildos and Societies of Color in the Nineteenth Century.(Book Review) Journal of Negro ...
		Changing History: Afro-Cuban Cabildos and Societies of Color in the Nineteenth Century.
		The stature of today's Cuba among the world and the tumultuous Cuban-American relations for about the last 40 years provide Cuba-watchers and political activists with opportunities to be curious about Cuban peoples' immediate past.
		Philip A. Howard's Changing History: Afro-Cuban Cabildos and Societies of Color in the Nineteenth Century deals with the history of the Afro-Cubans, and their allies against...
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_hb3512/is_200103/ai_n8306139 (268 words)

	Sals@lemania - The Origins of Salsa
		Whereas, in the sugar cane growing regions, many workers were slaves brought from West and Central Africa in the mid 1800s.
		As the slaves were brought to Cuba, they formed "cabildos" (religious brotherhoods) and kept alive the religious and secular dances of Yoruba, Fon, Ejagham, and Kongo-Angola.
		The Yoruba and Fon religions worshiped many gods, summoning them in various dances, often possessing the dancer so that the gods "danced in their (the dancer's) heads".
	www.salsalemania.de /orisalsa.htm (3110 words)

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