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Topic: Cadmium chloride

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	Cadmium - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Cadmium oxide, CdO, is a brown powder of specific gravity 6.5, which can be prepared by heating the metal in air or in oxygen; or by ignition of the nitrate or carbonate; by heating the metal to a white heat in a current of oxygen it is obtained as a dark red crystalline sublimate.
		Cadmium salts can be recognized by the brown incrustation which is formed when they are heated on charcoal in the oxidizing flame of the blowpipe; and also by the yellow precipitate formed when sulphuretted hydrogen is passed though their acidified solutions.
		Cadmium is estimated quantitatively by conversion into the oxide, being precipitated from boiling solutions by the addition of sodium carbonate, the carbonate thus formed passing into the oxide on ignition.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Cadmium (1245 words)

	Cadmium
		Thyrotoxicity of the chlorides of cadmium and mercury in rabbit.
		Cadmium given in combination with ethanol led to a pronounced increase in cadmium absorption and accumulation in all the tissues studied relative to both non-exposed controls and rats treated with cadmium alone.
		It was concluded that rhTGF beta 1 induces a tolerance to cadmium in cultured endothelial cells, caused by a decrease in the cadmium accumulation in the particulate fraction of the cells.
	www.ithyroid.com /cadmium.htm (13383 words)

	Magnesium chloride - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Magnesium chloride is composed of magnesium and chlorine and is a typical ionic halide, being highly polar and soluble in water.
		Magnesium chloride is an important coagulant used in the preparation of tofu from soy milk.
		The liquid magnesium chloride is sprayed on dry pavement (tarmac) prior to precipitation or wet pavement prior to freezing temperatures in the winter months to prevent snow and ice from adhering and bonding to the roadway.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Magnesium_chloride (566 words)

	[No title]
		When cadmium and cadmium compounds were formally identified as a toxic air contaminant, the ARB estimated a population-weighted annual concentration for 10 million people of between 1.0 and 2.5 ng/m3, of which 1 million people are exposed to an average cadmium concentration between 1.8 and 5.6 ng/m3 (ARB, 1986c).
		Cadmium and cadmium compounds are expected to be particle-associated in the atmosphere, and hence subject to wet and dry deposition.
		Cadmium and cadmium compounds also were also the major contributors to the overall cancer risk in 4 of the approximately 130 risk assessments reporting a total cancer risk equal to or greater than 10 in 1 million, and contributed to the total cancer risk in 70 of these risk assessments (OEHHA, 1996a).
	www.scorecard.org /chemical-profiles/html/cadmium.html (1414 words)

	RAIS: Cadmium (7440-43-9)
		Cadmium is transported in the blood and widely distributed in the body but accumulates primarily in the liver and kidneys (Goyer, 1991).
		Inhalation absorption usually involves cadmium in a particulate matter form with absorption being a function of deposition, which in turn is dependent upon the particle size (particles >= 10µm diameter tend to be deposited in the upper airways and particles <= 0.1 µm diameter are deposited in the alveolar region).
		Cadmium burden, especially in the kidneys, tends to increase in a linear fashion with age up to about 50 or 60 years of age after which the kidney levels remain somewhat constant or slightly decline (Goyer, 1991).
	rais.ornl.gov /tox/profiles/cadmium.shtml (3382 words)

	Cadmium (PIM 089)
		It is obtained by precipitation from zinc electrolyte in electrolytic zinc refining; recovery from the fumes of zinc calcine sintering plants; the fumes of lead and copper smelters; and during the distillation and refining of zinc.
		Free cadmium ions in the cells as a result of the degradation of metallothionein initiate the synthesis of new metallothionein which then binds the cadmium thereby protecting the cell from the highly toxic free cadmium ions.
		Cadmium chloride has been shown to be a weak, direct-acting mutagen in the Ames bacterial mutagenicity assay and a correlation was seen between its toxicity and mutagenicity (Wong, 1988).
	www.inchem.org /documents/pims/chemical/cadmium.htm (11103 words)

	ATSDR - Public Health Statement: Cadmium
		Cadmium is not usually present in the environment as a pure metal, but as a mineral combined with other elements such as oxygen (cadmium oxide), chlorine (cadmium chloride), or sulfur (cadmium sulfate, cadmium sulfide).
		Cadmium can enter your body from the food you eat, the water you drink, from particles it may be attached to in the air you breathe, or from breathing in cigarette smoke that contains cadmium.
		Cadmium levels in hair or nails are not as useful as an indication of when or how much cadmium you may have taken in, partly because cadmium from outside of your body may attach to the hair or nails.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /toxprofiles/phs5.html (4372 words)

	ATSDR - ToxFAQs™: Cadmium
		Cadmium is a natural element in the earth's crust.
		It is usually found as a mineral combined with other elements such as oxygen (cadmium oxide), chlorine (cadmium chloride), or sulfur (cadmium sulfate, cadmium sulfide).
		Long-term exposure to lower levels of cadmium in air, food, or water leads to a buildup of cadmium in the kidneys and possible kidney disease.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /tfacts5.html (959 words)

	Zinc chloride electrolysis - Patent 4292147
		Electrolysing an aqueous solution of zinc chloride or cadmium chloride of a concentration of 15-35 weight % at pH 2-3.5 below 35 C with gas agitation at a current density exceeding 1000 A/m.sup.2, whereby coherent zinc or cadmium is yielded at the cathode.
		This chloride solution is relatively easy to purify, for example by treatment with zinc oxide dust and chlorine to precipitate iron and manganese oxides, and by treatment with zinc dust to precipitate copper, tin, lead and cadmium.
		The zinc chloride concentration may be from 15 to 35 weight percent, preferably from 20 to 30 weight percent, most referably from 24 to 26 weight percent.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4292147.html (1780 words)

	Chemical Fact Sheets -- Cadmium
		Cadmium is a metal found naturally in the earth's crust.
		Pure cadmium is a soft, silver-white metal; however, it’s unusual to find it in its pure form.
		The cadmium used in industry is a byproduct of zinc, lead, and copper refining.
	dhfs.wisconsin.gov /eh/ChemFS/fs/cadmium.htm (646 words)

	DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 84-116
		Cadmium is found primarily as cadmium sulfide (less than 1%) in ores containing zinc, lead, and copper.
		In a study of 292 cadmium production workers who had a minimum of 2 years of employment between 1940 and 1969, a statistically significant excess of deaths from all malignancies and from lung cancer was observed in the entire cohort.
		Cadmium chloride has been shown to be carcinogenic in an experimental animal study; an epidemiological study has demonstrated excess lung cancer mortality among workers exposed to cadmium oxide.
	www.cdc.gov /niosh/84116_42.html (2462 words)

	NPI: Cadmium and compounds fact sheet
		Cadmium oxide is used in electroplating, in semiconductors, and in glass and ceramic glazes.
		Cadmium is obtained as a by-product from the treatment of zinc, copper, lead, and iron ores, therefore facilities that treat these ores may emit cadmium compounds to the environment (mainly water).
		Cadmium is a naturally occurring element in the crust of the earth.
	www.npi.gov.au /database/substance-info/profiles/17.html (1978 words)

	Cadmium (CASRN 7440-43-9), IRIS, Environmental Protection Agency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Exposure of Wistar rats by inhalation to cadmium as cadmium chloride at concentrations of 12.5, 25 and 50 ug/cu.m for 18 months, with an additional 13-month observation period, resulted in significant increases in lung tumors (Takenaka et al., 1983).
		Cadmium treatment in vivo or in vitro appears to interfere with spindle formation and to result in aneuploidy in germ cells of mice and hamsters (Shimada et al., 1976; Watanabe et al., 1979; Gilliavod and Leonard, 1975).
		Induction of 6-thioguanine-resistant mutants and single-strand scission DNA by cadmium chloride in cultured Chinese hamster cells.
	www.epa.gov /iris/subst/0141.htm (1811 words)

	Cadmium chloride - toxicity, ecologicial toxicity and regulatory information
		Cadmium chloride - toxicity, ecologicial toxicity and regulatory information
		Cadmium chloride - Identification, toxicity, use, water pollution potential, ecological toxicity and regulatory information
		Sorry, no water quality standards or criteria have been established for this chemical by the U.S. or Canadian governments; however, there may be criteria established for related chemicals.
	www.pesticideinfo.org /Detail_Chemical.jsp?Rec_Id=PC33701 (1136 words)

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		Cadmium Chloride, Anhydrous, Powder, Reagent (45 KG BLK)
	www.coleparmer.com /catalog/product_index.asp?cls=11009 (47 words)

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