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	caisson - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		The open caisson is a cylinder or box, open at the top and bottom, of size and shape to suit the projected foundation and with a cutting edge around the bottom.
		Workers leaving a pneumatic caisson after hours of labor under high pressure are given special decompression treatment to accustom them to the lower atmospheric pressure and thus to prevent caisson disease (see decompression sickness).
		Caissons are also sometimes used for closing the entrance to dry docks or as a substitute for gates in canal locks.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-caisson.html (538 words)

	Caisson - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		caisson (engineering) is a retaining structure used in locations normally under water to keep the working environment dry.
		caisson (military) is a carrier of artillery ammunition.
		caisson (vehicle) is a carriage used for coffin transport in funerals.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Caisson (131 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for caisson
		caisson [Frbig box], in engineering, a chamber, usually of steel but sometimes of wood or reinforced concrete, used in the construction of foundations or piers in or near a body of water.
		It is also known as caisson disease, altitude sickness, and the bends.
		pier in engineering, term applied to a mass of reinforced concrete or masonry supporting a large structure, such as a bridge.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=caisson (581 words)

	Brooklyn Bridge Story
		The engineers, etc., as well as the principal working members of the directory, retained their places as from the first, so that the work is, after all, a unit from beginning to end.
		The exact lines of the pier foundation are mathematically fixed by the engineers, and the caisson is placed in the proper position to a hair by blocking and wedging on all three sides.
		The caisson was placed in its berth in October, 1871, and rested on the rock in May, 1872, after less than one year's work in sinking it to its bed.
	www.catskillarchive.com /rrextra/bbstory.Html (9137 words)

	Mobile Concrete Laboratory Project Report 0201 Mass Concrete Temperature Simulations - Concrete - Pavements - FHWA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The caissons were drilled through as much as 50' of soil and embedded into as much as 35' of rock.
		During construction, the caissons were instrumented with thermocouples at various locations to verify specification adherence, and offered an opportunity to examine the accuracy of the temperature predictions.
		temperature differential overpredicition for caisson 1 was 16°F Differential is taken as difference between temperature at center of caisson and temperature at outside of caisson (outside of caisson temperature was measured with thermocouples embedded near the surface of the concrete caisson).
	www.fhwa.dot.gov /pavement/concrete/mcl0201.cfm (714 words)

	Abstract B162: Performance of Suction Caisson Anchors in Normally Consolidated Clay
		Suction caissons are anchors that utilize the large water pressure in deepwater during anchor installation, making it an efficient and economic alternative to driven piles.
		The second prototype caisson was built from two thin tubes forming a double-walled caisson capable of providing separate measurements of the components of axial capacity.
		The external side friction during pullout of the caisson was observed to increase with setup time until the external excess pore pressures were practically dissipated, while the end bearing resistance was not affected by the setup time.
	otrc.tamu.edu /Pages/B162.htm (641 words)

	Tunneling Under the Hudson River
		During the lowering of the caisson the water was expelled by air, the pressure being increased as the depth became greater.
		The weak parts of the caisson were the two ends, which were made of horizontal and vertical timbers resting against eight struts 1 foot square, extending the length of the caisson and braced by 3 transverse beams and 9 vertical struts.
		It will be remembered that the caisson was about 3 feet less in length than the shortest distance between the shaft and tunnels, and at the sides of the shaft about 15 feet less, so that the connecting tunnels were wedge-shape in plan, one side being curved to conform to the contour of the shaft.
	www.tmk.com /books/tunnel/tunnel.shtml (18514 words)

	LUSAS used to prove nuclear safety case at Devonport Royal Dockyard
		Each caisson is floated into place at the entrance of the dock, ballasted with water, and sunk into position prior to the draining of the dock.
		On number 15 dock caisson, a preliminary analysis of caisson response using the prescribed seismic data led to the adoption of a full-width 0.3m deep shear-key and stop-block to restrain caisson movement.
		The caisson was idealised in LUSAS Civil and Structural by using 4-noded thin shell elements for the cell walls and 4-noded thick-shell elements for the caisson base.
	www.lusas.com /case/civil/caisson.html (670 words)

	DYNAMIC PRESSURES EXERTED ON SUBMERGED SEMICIRCULAR BREAKWATERS
		Since the caisson is hollow, its weight and the materials to be used are significantly less.
		Rods of 12mm diameter as stiffeners were provided at ends and at the center of the hollow semicircular caisson in order to provide the necessary rigidity for the wall of the model.
		The central part of the caisson at about 20cm width was fabricated ten pressure transducers were fixed with a center to center spacing of 70mm.
	www.uni-leipzig.de /~grw/lit/texte_099/83__2000/83_2000_sbw.htm (2288 words)

	Behavior of Gravity Caisson on Sand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In-flight simulation of the infilling of the caisson was achieved by releasing heavy zinc chloride solution into the model caisson while the backfilling process behind the caisson was simulated by pluviating sand into the model from a sand hopper.
		The results obtained from the basic tests indicate that the magnitude of horizontal sliding displacement of caisson under service loads is not acceptable even with a sandkey relative density of 70% based on the limit set for the operation of quay cranes on top of the caisson.
		The results of parametric experiments conducted to examine the effects of caisson width, sandkey thickness, and preloading of backfill on the displacement of caisson are also presented in this paper.
	www.pubs.asce.org /WWWdisplay.cgi?9700410 (188 words)

	Annuaire 3wFrancais.com : caisson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Caisson, hollow cylindrical or square tube used as a foundation, or to...
		In engineering, a caisson is a retaining, watertight structure used,...
		CAISSON Air Force Major Gregory Stone's fl horse drawn caisson is escorted by an honor guard to the gravesite Thursday, April 17, 2003 at Arlington National Cemetery.
	www.3wfrancais.com /caisson.php (3511 words)

	Oxford University: Civil Engineering: Caisson foundations for wind energy applications
		Suction Caissons are a novel foundation that might be used in a variety of applications.
		The trial was used to assess the ease of installation of a suction caisson.
		The crane used for lowering the caisson in to the water was also used to apply the tensile loading.
	www-civil.eng.ox.ac.uk /research/offshore/trial.html (477 words)

	Engineering Resume - Virtual / Personal Assistance - Bryan L. Court
		Responded to all engineering and operations requests for design/analysis assistance on structurally related problems for the wide range of distribution materials, hardware, and components.
		Supplied the structural engineering expertise required to maintain specifications for conductor sags, tensions, and clearances, and created new criteria for nonstandard spans.
		Provided engineering support in the preparation of structural and foundation standards, and related construction specifications for transmission line facilities.
	www.va-services.com /pages/Engineering_resume.htm (470 words)

	Parsons Project Profile--Tacoma Narrows Bridge Project
		This disaster was the genesis of wind engineering for bridges: bridge designs are now modeled and tested in wind-tunnels to prevent similar catastrophes.
		Its caissons are some of the largest ever built—they are equivalent to an underwater 20-story building supporting the 510-foot-tall towers.
		Caissons are currently moored at Port of Tacoma and will be towed to the site later this year.
	www.parsons.com /about/press_rm/potm/07-2003/index.html (1235 words)

	MDOT - Historical Construction Album
		Caisson for the north main tower foundation afloat at Wiltse Brothers Shipyard near Alpena.
		When the stone-loaded caisson reached the bottom, clam-shell buckets dug out the overburden out of the center of the caisson.
		When the rectangular caisson for the south cable bent pier was finally anchored on rock at the bottom of the Straits, the rectangular form was cut off at 8 feet below the surface.
	www.michigan.gov /mdot/0,1607,7-151-9618_11016_11028-28666--,00.html (747 words)

	Tacoma Narrows Bridge: 1940 Narrows Bridge – The Machine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		These were distributed in a 900-foot diameter circle around the caisson and attached to it by cables of 1-9/16 inch diameter.
		The caisson sank under its own weight to a point where workers built a 12-foot high wooden hull at its top, with a steel framework and partitions.
		Engineers had designed the towers to be bent toward shore 3 feet during construction, and 3 inches in their final dead-load positions.
	www.wsdot.wa.gov /TNBhistory/Machine/machine2.htm (2530 words)

	Caisson Shaft Sinking from Coopers Civil Engineering Limited (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Caisson rings have been installed in various diameters and depths in ground conditions ranging from water bearing sands and gravels, silt and clay down to hard rock.
		Caisson shafts are constructed using a metal or concrete cutter ring and base section with rings being added on top as excavation proceeds.
		Control of shaft verticality is maintained by a concrete ring beam at ground level and Coopers Civil Engineering are able to install shaft diameters from 2.0 metres up to 4.0 metres and depths in excess of 20 metres.
	www.cooperscivilengineering.co.uk.cob-web.org:8888 /caisson.htm (157 words)

	ASEE PRISM - Oct 2000 - David Macaulay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The series is filled with expert engineering commentary, including Richard Bieniawski, professor of rock engineering at Pennsylvania State University, Priscilla Nelson of the National Science Foundation, Henry Petroski of Duke University, and Denis Smith of the Institute of Civil Engineers in the United Kingdom.
		Two engineers, John Fowler and Benjamin Baker, were called on to devise a new bridge that would withstand the forces of nature; they designed a structure with three enormous cantilevered sections and two smaller suspended sections.
		The engineers accomplished that, says Macaulay, creating "a structure so strong that the wind could never blow it down." But the bridge, like so many construction projects, turned out to be more expensive than anticipated and so has rarely been copied.
	www.prism-magazine.org /oct00/html/primetime.cfm (1134 words)

	Foundation engineering - skin friction question with caisson
		Caissons are usually sunk under a kentledge load or by hydraulick jacks applying jacking pressure to the caisson rings at the surface.
		I believe that snap is talking about drilled-in caissons, or bored piles, or drilled shafts - a lot of names have been applied to 500mm to 3m diameter drilled shafts throughout the literature.
		Drilled Piers (caissons) in Texas are used for buildings situated on expansive clay soils that subject the building to shrink/swell actions.
	www.eng-tips.com /viewthread.cfm?qid=39166 (1305 words)

	Engineering Partners International LLC: Experienced Professionals/Real Solutions
		Engineering Partners’ scope of services includes the evaluation of global stability and development of a geotechnical instrumentation plan to monitor performance.
		American Engineering Testing is acting as a subconsultant to Engineering Partners.
		As part of this initiative, Engineering Partners is designing shoring systems for numerous excavations on the Campus Utility Upgrade project on the UW-Madison campus.
	www.engineeringpartners.net /new.html (875 words)

	Incline Plane
		The boat, inside the caisson, would travel on the rails of an inclined plane from the canal and descend into the river.
		The turbine would turn the grooved pulleys through which the cables passed that were connected to the caisson and counterweights.
		Upon its completion, the structure was the largest of its kind in the world and duly gained acclaim as an engineering marvel.
	www.nps.gov /choh/History/Structures/InclinePlane.html (495 words)

	Case Study: Bed Stability around the East Caisson of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Specifically, this was conducted around the east caisson, where the maximum velocities around either of the two caissons are experienced.
		During this max flow event, multibeam surveyed bathymetry and three-dimensional acoustic doppler current profiler velocity data were collected around the east caisson in the course of both the flood and ebb.
		The surface of the bed material surrounding the east caisson was videotaped during the slack conditions following the yearly maximum flow event, and used to determine the particle size distribution and spatial arrangement of those distributions around the caisson.
	www.pubs.asce.org /WWWdisplay.cgi?0500882 (329 words)

	caisson — FactMonster.com
		][Fr.,=big box], in engineering, a chamber, usually of steel but sometimes of wood or reinforced concrete, used in the construction of foundations or piers in or near a body of water.
		Workers leaving a pneumatic caisson after hours of labor under high pressure are given special decompression treatment to accustom them to the lower atmospheric pressure and thus to prevent caisson disease (see
		pier - pier, in engineering, term applied to a mass of reinforced concrete or masonry supporting a large...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/sci/A0809823.html (419 words)

	Pile and Caisson Design (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Piles and caissons are structural elements that transfer load from a superstructure (i.e.
		Piles and caissons may experience compression, tension, and lateral loads.
		Caisson foundations are typically used when very high loads need to be supported.
	www.deepexcavation.com.cob-web.org:8888 /Pile_Caissons.htm (267 words)

	Criteria for Evaluation: Guidelines for Evaluating and Documenting Historic Aids to Navigation to the National Register ...
		For example, in analyzing an early 20th century caisson lighthouse, a researcher would look for the characteristic sparkplug shape with a circular steel platform rising up from a submerged foundation, with a steel light tower, keeper's quarters, and boat falls mounted atop.
		A caisson light rebuilt when automated, with the top stories replaced by a small modern beacon, might still be identifiable as a caisson lighthouse because the caisson itself remains, but it is no longer a good representative of the type.
		Engineering: An aid to navigation may be significant because of the engineering required for its construction, such as Minot's Ledge light or the screw pile lights in the Florida Keys.
	www.cr.nps.gov /NR/publications/bulletins/nrb34/nrb34_6.htm (1255 words)

	Development of myopia as a hazard for workers in pneumatic caissons -- Onoo et al. 86 (11): 1274 -- British Journal of ...
		Development of myopia as a hazard for workers in pneumatic caissons -- Onoo et al.
		caisson engineering has been developed for this purpose.
		Dysbaric osteonecrosis (caisson disease of bone): are active oxygen species and the endocrine system responsible, and can control of the production of free radicals and their reaction products confer protection?
	bjo.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/86/11/1274 (1959 words)

	No. 1093: Under Pressure
		Workers descended a stairwell through the masonry to the caisson and entered it through an airlock.
		When the pressure in the caisson reached twice atmospheric pressure, workers felt pains in their joints as they left the caisson.
		Since they had trouble standing straight, they called the problem "the bends." When they reached a depth where the pressure was three atmospheres, Eads had to send men to the hospital.
	www.uh.edu /engines/epi1093.htm (548 words)

	Caisson (engineering) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		While bedrock is preferred, a stable, hard mud is sometimes used when bedrock is too deep.
		Box caissons are pre-fab concrete boxes with sides and bottom.
		They are suitable for use in soft clays (e.g.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Caisson_(engineering) (598 words)

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