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Topic: Calabrian language

	List of Languages of Italy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Several other languages however, are also spoken througout the country.
		Examples include Milanese, spoken near the city of Milan, Neapolitan, spoken near Naples, Sicilian, spoken on Sicily, etc. However, to call these languages dialects is misleading.
		The Italian language is the native language of most residents of Italy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Languages_of_Italy (140 words)

	ITALIAN LANGUAGE - LoveToKnow Article on ITALIAN LANGUAGE
		With this the corresponding tendency of the Celtic languages has been more than once and with justice compared; here it may be added that the Milanese nOn, apparently a single form for noi, is really a compound on reduplication in the manner of the ni-ni, its exact counterpart in the Celtic tongues.
		Such are the narrow limits of the pru~sised land of the language which has succeeded and was worthy~to succeed Latin in the history of Italian culture and Romanis tune familiaris, nimirum quae in nonnullis accedabat ad Neapolitanam scu vocibus seu pronuntiatione.
		In such a case the dialect loses its slang and pctty localisms, and at the same time also somewhat of its freshness; but it learns to express with more conscious sobriety and with more assured dignity the thought and the feeling of the various peoples which are fused in one national life.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /I/IT/ITALIAN_LANGUAGE.htm (6827 words)

	Vernacular Greek in Southern Italy
		The cultural policy of the Normans was ambiguous: while officially tolerating all languages and creeds within their realm they also promoted the use of contemporary south Italian koine (based on the contact language that had evolved in Naples, Amalfi, Salerno and other ports), and favoured the Latin-rite Catholicism of the Holy See, their political ally.
		Around 1400 it was already confined to a territorial strip bounded by Gallipoli and the Gulf of Taranto in the west, and Lake Limini near Otranto in the east, with Struda and Alliste as its respective northern and southern limits.
		Furthermore the Calabrian Grecia, already in an advanced state of decay, suffered a serious setback when the floods of 1970 and 1972 forced the evacuation of Roghudi and Ghorio.
	www.geocities.com /enosi_griko/Articoli/Greek_Vernacular.html (1265 words)

	Calabria
		In the mimetic power of the language, kept alive also by a cultural tradition guarded in its primal authenticity, Pane found the instruments to express both the anxiety of uprootedness and the longing of the man thirsting for literature who looked to Pascoli as the poet who was closer, emotionally, to his own world.
		Calabrian as well is no doubt the paramount source of the erotic tension that runs through one of the American collections (Peccati [Sins], 1916), played between popular motifs and ludic metaphors, whimsical and goliardic.
		Butera does not despair: the great Calabrian dream of justice is almost vindicated in the parables of the anecdotes entrusted to animals, though confidence in a palingenesis appears scarce, due to man's widespread tendency toward selfishness, always ready as he is to take advantage of his neighbor, especially when he is weaker.
	home.att.net /~l.bonaffini/calabria.htm (2292 words)

	Nistanimera - Chorè! - English (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Calabrian and Apulian Greek are the sister tongues of neo-Greek and may be traced back to the earliest Hellenistic colonisations of these areas:a history of over two thousand eight hundred years of uninterrupted spoken Greek.
		As recently as a century ago the language was spoken up to the very gateway of Reggio Calabria (Cardeto) and tra-ces of it survived in Locride.
		Typical and exclusive to the Calabrian Greek-speaking communities is the ciaramedda (bag-pipes) called a moderna “modern-style” (this ciaramedda may be heard in Ela katu).
	www.felmay.it /nistanimeraen.html (964 words)

	Euromosaic - Greek (Griko) in Italy
		Griko is not a unitary language since it is spoken in two geographically and linguistically distinct enclaves, one in the area known as Bovesia near Reggio di Calabria and the other near Lecce, in the area known by the name of Grecia Salentina.
		The Calabrian Autonomy Statute accords recognition to the historical cultural heritage of the ethnic Albanian and Greek populations and makes provision for the promotion of instruction in both languages in the places where they are spoken.
		Although Calabrian Greek is not used as a classroom language anywhere, optional regional courses in Greek language and culture have been held for the past ten years or so in certain nursery and primary schools in Bovesia, thanks to funding from the regional and religious authorities and the EC.
	www.uoc.edu /euromosaic/web/document/grec/an/i1/i1.html (1837 words)

	Language, Dialect, Translation
		Even Latin, which was obviously the national language of the (just fallen) Roman Empire, and had a great international currency as the language of the Catholic Church, was spoken in many different local dialects across its range (from Iberia to the Balkans).
		All other "languages" of Europe were spoken dialects of Celtic, Germanic, or other language families, and they were acquired by hearing and speaking, in childhood or afterwards.
		The growth of the national languages (examples of some will follow) is a growth not just of linguistic difference but of nation-states, central educational authorities, courts and legal systems, national churches, national publishing industries.
	www.uta.edu /english/tim/courses/4301w98/9sep.html (1469 words)

	Greek - Vernacular in Southern Italy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		These autocchthonous tribes maintained their own languages for a time, but the the dawning of the Christian age they were largely hellenized.
		The cultural policy of the Normans was ambiguous: whild officially tolerating all languages and creeds within their realm they also promoted the use of contemporty sough Italian koine (based on the contact language that had evolved in Naples, Amalfi, Salerno and other ports), and favoured the Latin-rite Catholicism of the Holy See, their political ally.
		At least three bilingual jounals devoted to the Italio language are now in curculation, and a number of mainland Greek intellectuals and cultural bodies have taken an interest in the welfare of their trans-Ionian brothers.
	opax.swin.edu.au /~303289/greek.htm (1331 words)

	U.S.ENGLISH Foundation Official Language Research - Italy: Legislation
		According to language experts gathered at the “IV International Symposium on European Languages and Legislation”, the contradiction between the administrative bodies in charge of the implementation of the law is due to a lack of confidence in the normalization process.
		In May of 1989 the parity of the German Language with the Italian in public administration, the courts and the police, etc. was promulgated by Presidential Decree n.
		The Calabrian Autonomy Statute accords recognition to the historical cultural heritage of the ethnic Albanian and Greek populations and makes provision for the promotion of language instruction in the places where they are respectively spoken.
	www.us-english.org /foundation/research/olp/viewResearch.asp?CID=50&TID=1 (6863 words)

	Italian Language School in Tropea, Italy: Special Italian Culture Courses.
		The refinement of the Calabrian culinary art lies in the selected ingredients, the voted condiment and the application of herbs.
		The traditional dance of the Calabrian people passes on historical events and old legends, for example the liberation of the Turks or the bite of the Tarantula.
		This particular language course directs to the language students, that have advanced plus knowledge of the Italian language.
	www.studyabroadinternational.com /Italy/Tropea/Italy_Tropea_courses_Special.html (398 words)

	Bibliographic Standards:UKMARC Manual
		Where one spoken language is written in two different sets of characters, both languages have been included in the list but only one code has been assigned.
		An ancient language form that does not have a unique code will be assigned the code for the major language group to which it belongs instead of the code for the modern form.
		Language codes are arranged in two alphabetical sequences, by language and by language code.
	www.bl.uk /services/bibliographic/marc/marcappb.html (361 words)

	Reina1
		It is easy to understand what remains of the old dichotomy between language "of culture" and language "of nature," when referring to the possible demarcation between national language and dialect.
		As a consequence, southern dialects tend to become true languages of art, shedding all the dross of folklore and overcoming the obstacles of slanginess.
		This language crosses the boundaries of dialect anthropology inasmuch as it presupposes a refined and supernational culture.
	userhome.brooklyn.cuny.edu /bonaffini/DP/reina1.htm (2226 words)

	Saggi - lameziastorica
		It's a language that today oscillates between the Florentine-Lombard and the Florentine-Romanesque, but doesn't present excessive difference between how it is written and how it is spoken, and which all Italians understand and use.
		Until now, dialectologists have shown, in the immense variety of Calabrian speech, a massive presence of Greek elements in southern Calabria, and a prevalence of Latin elements in the northern section.
		The conclusions at which scholars of the Calabrian linguistic phenomenon have arrived have left unsolved the issue of those dialects that evolved in places between the two areas mentioned above.
	www.lameziastorica.it /saggi3bing.htm (689 words)

	"The Coast of the Gods": a magic study-holiday in the land of the Magna Graecia ... (Italian language and ...
		The school is situated in one of the most central areas of Tropea, in Libertà Street, 100 mt from the sea and 5 minutes from the old town centre, inside a modern palace.
		The school is extremely well equipped: 3 air-conditioned rooms, 2 bathrooms, 1 reception, 1 linguistic library, provided with an Italian language encyclopedia (for the most demanding students), visual dictionaries, 150 books of general culture that you can borrow and 1 TV multimedia system, with the possibility to watch DVD films in their original language.
		It is focused on the basic acknowledgment of the language: grammar, essay, text analysis, speech, vocabulary.
	www.it-schools.com /sections/community/mailing-list/tropeasadi.shtml (827 words)

	Figurative
		The common language in the market was Italian, but a rough-hewn lingua franca rather than pure Italian, since the speech of Italian neighborhoods in those days reflected the linguistic diversity of Italy itself.
		Language of this sort, with its raw, insouciant brutality, could sometimes be frightening.
		The entire thrust of American education is to geld and denature language, to strip it of its power to describe and imagine, to argue and refute, to lash out and maim.
	www.n2hos.com /acm/cult11012000.html (3603 words)

	Canadian Italian: How Language Adapts to Environment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A prototypical case in point for the study of how a language can become an adaptive instrument for its speakers is provided by the Italian spoken in Canada, especially in the southern Ontario region where there exists, to this day, a very large Italian-speaking community.
		This can be defined generally to be a version of the language of origin which, primarily as a consequence of the frequent borrowing and adoption of words from the culturally dominant language, has come to characterize the speech habits of the immigrant community.
		Wherever there exists prolonged contact between a culturally and communicatively dominant language and an ethnolect, there is bound to be an extensive borrowing of words from the dominant language (the source language) by the ethnolect (the receiving language).
	collections.ic.gc.ca /magic/mt84.html (1944 words)

	Learn Italian in Italy, Calabria - Language Courses at our School (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Capo Vaticano is situated on the Calabrian coast, close to Tropea, in Southern Italy.
		Calabria, which is generally thought of as a maritime region, is actually a long peninsula with some 800 km of coastline, practically all mountainous.
		Sprachcaffe Languages PLUS, nestled in the centre of a beautiful orange tree orchard, is open during the summer months only, normally from May through to October.
	www.sprachcaffe.com /english/study_abroad/language_schools/calabria/about.htm (505 words)

	EUROPA - Education and Training - Europa - Regional and minority languages - Euromosaïc study
		The Greek language spoken in Italy, known by the names grico, griko, greco-bovese or greco-calabro, is written in Roman characters and is a highly corrupted form of modern Greek.
		There are also some twinning arrangements between Calabrian and Greek villages, such as those between Bova and Paleio Fáliro and between Condofuri and Alimós, and a partnership between the Jalò tu Vúa cultural group and the Filologhiki Stéghi association in Piraeus.
		The main cause of this terminal crisis of the Greek language in Italy have been the constant depopulation of the area since the early 20th century, universal compulsory schooling and the growing influence of communications and the mass media.
	europa.eu.int /comm/education/policies/lang/languages/langmin/euromosaic/it8_en.html (1913 words)

	Romance languages, Latin's grand-children
		The Romance languages are a group of closely related vernaculars descended from the LATIN LANGUAGE, a member of the Italic branch of INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES.
		From the evidence of Latin grammarians, popular playwrights, and inscriptions, it is apparent that in Republican Rome the spoken language of the lower classes was undergoing modifications in pronunciation and grammar that ultimately were to differentiate it from the written language and the language of the privileged.
		The dialect of Paris gradually became the national language, however, because of the political prestige of the capital and today is accepted as the model for the French language.
	www.brazilbrazil.com /roman.html (1233 words)

	RYPE Report, Part II
		As the RYPE project as a whole is focused on the problems of contemporary rural young people, we merely need to give an overview of the situation and perspectives of non-native young people as a segment of rural population of post-socialist Estonia.
		It is obvious that majority of students from schools where the language of instruction is Russian are moving towards ideological positions which reflect the realities of a politically independent free-market society.
		The relations between the two language communities and the trends of integration might look less promising if this stabilisation were to be disrupted.
	www.alli.fi /nuorisotutkimus/rype2/5/3_9.html (1285 words)

	Napulitano (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Present day standard Italian, however, is different from the languages spoken today in Tuscany and Florence differing substantially from them in both vocabulary and pronunciation (Tuscan and Florentine are traditionally referred to also as «dialects», this use, though, actually can be considered as the only instance in which the term dialect is used appropriately).
		Another relatively recent phenomenon in Italy are the «Regional Italians» consisting of the standard language with a pronunciation influenced by the local languages (to a lesser extent also the vocabulary and some idiomatic expressions may differ).
		The Italian language has been used for more than a century as a mean to discriminate against those not speaking it correctly, or with the «correct» accent, it will be ironic to fall in the same error in the case of Neapolitan.
	www.duesicilie.org /Neapolitan1.html (801 words)

	Calabria Tours
		Calabrian cuisine is very tasty and rich with lots of locally grown produce such as fresh vegetables, fresh fish, local pasta dishes, lots of local antipasti made of aubergines, zucchini, olives, different cheeses and meat.
		Calabrian most famous Greek sculptures, the 5th century brones of warriors, the "Bronzi di Riace" are now hosted in
		Stilo) came from Calabria, and famous Americans of Calabrian descent are almost too numerous to name.
	www.calabriatours.it /about_calabria.php (1194 words)

	An overview of the Albanian language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Albanian is an Indo-European language spoken by about 6,400,000 inhabitants of the eastern Adriatic coast in Albania and also in neighboring Yugoslavia, principally in Kosova and Macedonia, west of a line from near Leskovac to Lake Ohri.
		The language is still in use in Mandritsa, Bulgaria, at the border near Edirne, and in an offshoot of this village surviving in Mndres, near Kilk’s in Greece, that dates from the Balkan Wars.
		Albanian is an Indo-European language and it represents a separate branch of this family on the basis of its idiosyncrasy.
	www.forumi.zeriyt.com /index.php?topic=6476.0 (3053 words)

	(Oral language competence) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Teachers’ and students’ awareness of language will be initially raised with an investigation of the speech communities in which they live and the networks of speakers in which they place themselves.
		Individuals who speak the same language, dialect or variety will also tend to bond together and therefore will experience a sense of ‘community’ or ‘solidarity’, just as the lack of a similar language, dialect or variety will result in exclusion from certain communities.
		But even the language or dialect you speak may be of no use to you if the register being used is that of astrophysics and you do not have command of this register.
	www.ecu.edu.au /ses/research/CALLR/SPIRT/background.html (4397 words)

	Department of Linguistics @ U of T - For Your Information - Where?
		Theories of language and poetic language; West Indian (anglophone) creoles: relationships between speech and writing; aboriginal languages cultural and political issues; oral and written traditions.
		Romance linguistics and philology; history of the Italian language; Italian dialectology and dialects, especially Piedmontese, Neapolitan, and Calabrian.
		Minority language education; language loss and ethnic identity maintenance; language, culture, and identity in schools; multicultural/multilingual literacy development; immigrant/refugee issues and language maintenance; conflict resolution and peacemaking in multicultural/multilingual societies.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /linguistics/DLL/alpha_c-f.shtml (369 words)

	CORSICA THE CORSICAN LANGUAGE
		Relationships can also be noticed with certain southern dialects of Italy, notably the calabrian, while the Genoese, despite a political domination of five have left a little of their dialect for they adopted themselves Tuscan as a written language.
		Under the heading of curiosities, we have to notice that it exists in Gallura, in the north of Sardinia, a dialect which is closely related to the one of Corsica of the South because of a population of corsican shepherds at the beginning of the 17th century.
		Conversely linguistic islands which were formerly set up, constitute an originality in very Corsica: the dialect of Bonifacio, language imported from Liguria in the 13th century by the genoese settlers, and from Greek, introduced by the settlers from the region of Laconia, Maina in Greece, settled near from Carghjese in the 17th and 18th centuries.
	www.corsica.net /corsica/uk/discov/lang (378 words)

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