
	Where results make sense

Topic: Calcium fluoride

Related Topics

calcium carbonate

calcium oxide

calcium hydroxide

calcium channel blockers

calcium chloride

Calcium deficiency plant disorder

Calcium deficiency

calcium phosphate

Calcium sulfate

Calcium metabolism

disorders of calcium metabolism

calcium sulfide

In the News (Sat 18 May 13)

EXECUTIVE POWER

Iran

ANALYSIS

Pakistan

Family compact

	Fluoride - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fluoride containing compounds are added to toothpaste, drinking water, perscribed treatments, and other commercially available oral hygiene products because they are believed to help strengthen the tooth enamel.
		Fluoride compounds, usually calcium fluoride, are naturally found in low concentration in drinking water and some foods, like tea.
		Fluoride ions replace hydroxide ions in calcium hydroxyapatite, Ca OH], in teeth, forming calcium fluoroapatite, Ca F], which is more chemically stable and dissolves at a pH of 4.5, compared to 5.5 pH for calcium hydroxyapatite.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fluoride (872 words)

	Fluoride
		Fluoride is incorporated in the crystalline structure of bone as fluoroapatite.
		Approximately 75% to 90% of ingested fluoride is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
		From 5% to 10% of ingested fluoride is excreted in the feces.
	www.pdrhealth.com /drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/flu_0109.shtml (1989 words)

	Articles and abstracts published in FLUORIDE
		The authors also recognize that there is evidence that fluoride is genotoxic, based on the outcome of in vitro and in vivo studies, and that this may be an effect of fluoride that results from its inhibition of enzymes involved in DNA synthesis and/or repair.
		Though the precise mechanism of fluoride action is not fully known (14, 15), it is our view that in children exposed to endemic fluoride the enamel and the protein matrix laid down during the period of mineralisation (12-14 years) remain diffusely hypomineralised with abnormal crystal growth (16-18).
		The interaction of fluoride and parathyroid hormone in calcium-deficient children may increase the porosity of the enamel and resorption of the teeth, and thus may aggravate the risk of dental caries.
	www.fluoridation.com /isfr.htm (6615 words)

	Fluoride and calcium distribution in human placenta
		SUMMARY: Fluoride and calcium concentrations in maternal plasma and in placental tissue were determined in 30 healthy women residing in an area with a relatively low water and air fluoride (fluorine) content.
		The mean calcium concentrations in maternal plasma and in marginal and in central parts of placenta were 2.3 mM/L, 22.9 mg/g of ash, and 20.0 mg/g of ash, respectively.
		The purpose of the present study was to investigate placental accumulation and distribution of fluoride and calcium in healthy women residing in an area with a relatively low water and air fluoride (fluorine) content.
	www.fluoride-journal.com /98-31-3/313-131.htm (1436 words)

	Healthy.Net -The Building Blocks- Possibly Essential Trace Minerals (6)
		The calcium fluoride salt forms a fluorapatite matrix, which is stronger and less soluble than other calcium salts and therefore is not as easily reabsorbed into circulation to supply calcium needs.
		Low fluoride or lack of fluoride use does correlate with a higher number of dental caries, given a less stability and strength of the bones and teeth in general.
		Low fluoride levels may correlate with a higher amount of bone fractures in the elderly, but that is usually in the presence of osteoporosis.
	www.healthy.net /nutrit/nutinfo/bblocks/minerals/f.htm (1527 words)

	AllRefer.com - hydrogen fluoride, Compound & Element (Compounds And Elements) - Encyclopedia
		hydrogen fluoride, chemical compound, HF, a colorless, fuming liquid or colorless gas that boils at 19.54°C. It is miscible with water and is soluble in benzene, toluene, and concentrated sulfuric acid.
		Hydrofluoric acid is a water solution of hydrogen fluoride; hydrofluoric acid containing 35.35% hydrogen fluoride by weight is an azeotrope with a constant boiling point of 120°C. Whether gaseous, liquid, or in solution, hydrogen fluoride is a dangerous chemical and must be handled with caution, since it attacks the skin and other tissue.
		Hydrogen fluoride is produced commercially by heating purified fluorspar (calcium fluoride) with concentrated sulfuric acid to produce the gas, which may be condensed by cooling or dissolved in water.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/H/hydrogn-fl.html (375 words)

	Dr. Gene Miller Presentation on Fluoride in the Environment
		He feels that the people who are proponents are sincere in their belief that fluoridation is good, just as he is sincere in his belief that all people should not be subjected to fluoridation if they don't want it.
		The International Society for Fluoride Research was founded in 1966 with the purpose of advancement of research and dissemination of knowledge, pertaining to the biological and other effects of fluoride on animal, plant and human life.
		A man (later identified as one of the primary drivers behind fluoridation in Logan) spoke up loudly at this point and stated that most of the fluorosis can't be seen, which was contradicted by the title of the table.
	www.xmission.com /~kaa/fluoridation/F-Miller.html (3367 words)

	calcium on Encyclopedia.com
		The element is a constituent of lime (see calcium oxide), chloride of lime (bleaching powder), mortar, plaster, cement (see cement, concrete, whiting, putty, precipitated chalk, gypsum, and plaster of Paris.
		Tremolite, a form of asbestos, is a naturally occurring compound of calcium, magnesium, silicon, and oxygen.
		Calcium absorption; reviewing the importance of calcium absorption and a key ingredient that makes calcium more bioavailable.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/c1/calcium.asp (1087 words)

	Risk of myocardial infarction in relation to magnesium and calcium concentrations in drinking water
		Fluoride addition to drinking water of these imbalanced rats elevated noticeably only plasma fluoride and slightly the aortic calcium, but tended to reduce the calcium content of the heart further.
		Calcium accumulations appeared in the Lamina elastica that seemed to be fragmentary thus resembling the figures shown by Selye (1958b) and Hungerford and Bernick (1980).
		The findings that small elevations of fluoride alone or especially with magnesium in food or drinking water were also protective, were in agreement with the review and conclusions by Hegsted (1967), Pyke (1973) and Marier (1980) on the interaction of these ions in modifying different calcium salt imbalances.
	www.mgwater.com /luoma.shtml (2694 words)

	Health Topics
		Calcium fluoride is mostly found in the bones and teeth.
		Fluoride deficiency may appear in the form of increased cavities, and weak bones and teeth.
		When there is a high amount of fluoride in the drinking water, a problem called chronic dental fluorosis may occur.
	www.netwellness.org /ency/article/002420.htm (394 words)

	New York State Coalition Opposed to Fluoridation (NYSCOF)
		Impure, untested and non-required fluoride chemicals are legislated into most U.S. water supplies, not to kill nasty microbes, but to medicate tap water drinkers who are assured water fluoridation is a safe and effective way to prevent tooth decay.
		Fluoride supplements are prescribed to children from communities that won't or can't fluoridate their water supply.
		Fluoridation has provided a lucrative sector for researchers to apply for federal grants to study the after effects of the crazy decision to put fluoride into humans' water supply and then see what happens.
	www.orgsites.com /ny/nyscof (1547 words)

	Calcium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Calcium is a metallic element, fifth in abundance in the earth's crust, of which if forms more than 3%.
		The metal has a silvery color, is rather hard, and is prepared by electrolysis of the fused chloride to which calcium fluoride is added to lower the melting point.
		Calcium from limestone is an important element in Portland cement.
	www.scescape.net /~woods/elements/calcium.html (320 words)

	Crystal Structure of Fluorite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The ionic radius of the calcium ion is 1.26 angstroms and that of the fluoride ion is 1.17 angstroms.
		The insertion of calcium ions into the cubic holes causes the structure to expand so that the fluoride ions are not in contact with each other.
		Because calcium fluoride contains two fluoride ions for every calcium ion, it is not possible to fill all cubic holes with a calcium ion, as this would violate electroneutrality for the structure.
	www.chm.davidson.edu /ChemistryApplets/Crystals/IonicSolids/Fluorite.html (364 words)

	ATSDR - ToxFAQs™: Fluorine, Hydrogen Fluoride, and Fluorides
		Hydrogen fluoride and fluorine are naturally-occurring gases that are very irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract.
		Fluorides are often added to drinking water supplies and to a variety of dental products, including toothpaste and mouth rinses, to prevent dental cavities.
		Fluorides released to the air from volcanoes and industry are carried by wind and rain to nearby water, soil, and food sources.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /tfacts11.html (1214 words)

	FLUORIDE
		Fluoride has been linked in government and scientific reports to a wide range of harmful health effects, including: bone and tooth decay (including dental and skeletal fluorosis, bone pathology, arthritis, and osteoporosis) Alzheimer's, memory loss and other neurological impairment, kidney damage, cancer, genetic damage, and gastrointestinal problems.
		Although calcium fluoride can occur naturally, the type of fluoride (sodium) added to municipal water is a hazardous waste product of the aluminum industry, phosphate fertilizer industry, and other industries.
		In the 1940’s, when fluoridation began, the "optimal" level of exposure for dental benefit was determined to be 1 milligram/day for an adult male.
	www.zerowasteamerica.org /Fluoride.htm (2458 words)

	Calcium fluoride -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Unless otherwise stated, (A basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated) standard conditions were used.
		It occurs naturally as the mineral (A soft mineral (calcium fluoride) that is fluorescent in ultraviolet light; chief source of fluorine) fluorite (also called fluorspar), and it is the source of most of the world's fluorine.
		It reacts with concentrated ((H2SO4) a highly corrosive acid made from sulfur dioxide; widely used in the chemical industry) sulfuric acid to produce (A colorless poisonous corrosive liquid made by the action of sulphuric acid on calcium fluoride; solutions in water are hydrofluoric acid) hydrogen fluoride:
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ca/calcium_fluoride.htm (370 words)

	C&EN: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY - WHAT'S THAT STUFF? FLUORIDE
		Water fluoridation, while serving the same decay-preventive purpose as toothpaste fluoridation, uses a different set of chemicals derived from a different source.
		The chief water fluoridation chemical is hydrofluosilicic acid (HFS), a phosphate fertilizer coproduct.
		Although the water fluoridation business is pretty mature, Looney notes that opportunity still knocks: Los Angeles began fluoridating its water supply just two years ago, and eight of the country's largest 50 cities still go without.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/whatstuff/stuff/7916sci4.html (962 words)

	The Strange and Bizarre * Fluoride...
		Fluoride is an insidious poison, toxic and cumulative in its effects,
		percent of calcium carbonate and 1.5 percent of magnesium phosphate.
		fluoride is the most important part of the tooth structure.
	www.geocities.com /Pentagon/2666/Fluoride.html (3943 words)

	Where Does Fluoride Come From?
		Apatite rock, a calcium mineral found in central Florida, is ground up and treated with sulfuric acid, producing phosphoric acid and the two byproducts, calcium sulfate and the two gas emissions.
		However, Fluoride toothpaste giant Colgate's advice to professionals is that calcium fluoride is poorly absorbed(7) unlike free fluoride ions which are quickly absorbed.
		In fact, calcium is the antidote for fluoride poisoning because the positively charged calcium ion attaches to the negatively charged fluorine ion and safely carries fluoride out of the body.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/11749/105538 (408 words)

	Corning Completes Expansion at North Brookfield, Mass., Calcium Fluoride Manufacturing Facility
		The expansion adds new furnace technology and capacity, as well as finishing and metrology equipment associated with calcium fluoride development for microlithography.
		The expansion is in response to growing demand for calcium fluoride for use in microlithography applications.
		On the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) for 193nm and 157nm technologies, calcium fluoride is used to manufacture projection and illuminator optics for stepper machines.
	www.corning.com /semiconductoroptics/netnews/Fall_2001/expansion.asp (369 words)

	Corning Semiconductor Materials: NetNews Winter 2000: Corning to Expand Calcium Fluoride Production
		The North Brookfield facility currently manufactures calcium fluoride optics and components used by excimer laser manufacturers.
		The expansion will allow Corning to focus more heavily on the production of calcium fluoride optics used in lithography, and primarily designed for use in deep ultraviolet applications.
		Calcium fluoride is a key enabler that makes the shrinkage of the line widths possible.
	www.corning.com /semiconductoroptics/netnews/Winter_2000/NorthBrookfieldExpansion.asp (269 words)

	FLUORIDE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Fluoride is a persistent and non-degradable poison that accumulates in soil, plants, wildlife, and humans.
		To call sodium fluoride an "inert" is Orwellian and defies one of the NOS's stated principles: producers shall not use "natural poisons such as arsenic or lead salts that have long-term effects and persist in the environment." Fluoride is clearly in this category.
		Sodium fluoride is used as a rodenticide and insecticide (mainly for roaches and ants), as a disinfectant for fermentation apparatus in breweries and distilleries, in wood preservation, and in rimmed steel manufacture (ATSDR, p 138).
	www.apfn.org /apfn/fluoride.htm (4446 words)

	AllRefer Health - Fluoride in Diet (Diet - Fluoride)
		Fluoride occurs naturally in the body as calcium fluoride, found primarily in the bones and teeth.
		Fluoridation of water supplies helped reduce dental caries (cavities) in children by 50-60%.
		Low doses of fluoride salts can sometimes be used, under the supervision of a doctor, for the treatment of conditions that cause accelerated bone loss, such as menopause and prolonged immobility.
	health.allrefer.com /health/fluoride-in-diet-info.html (321 words)

	Calcium Fluoride Optical Components
		Degradation due to moisture in the atmosphere is minimal, and polished surfaces may be expected to withstand several years exposure to normal atmospheric conditions.
		Due to its low refractive index, Calcium Fluoride can be used without an anti - reflective coating.
		Irradiation of Calcium Fluoride causes some loss in UV transmission.
	www.sciner.com /Opticsland/CaF2.htm (136 words)

	Washington Fluoride - Dental-Plans-Tips.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Fluoride status of selected communities in Washington state...
		Fluoride in diet (Nutrition) - Southwest Washington Medical Center - Fluoride in diet (Nutrition) - Online Medical Encyclopedia courtesy of Southwest Washington Medical Center, a Top 100 Hosptital award winner locacted in Vancouver, in southwest Washington State serving Vancouver Camas Washougal Battle Ground...
		Fluoride occurs naturally in the body as calcium fluoride, found primarily in the...
	www.dental-plans-tips.com /fluoride/Washington-fluoride.html (275 words)

	Nutrition for Soccer and Athletics
		According to Nieman (1990), studies have demonstrated that losses of sodium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, and some vitamins through sweat are insignificant.
		Fact: The special curdling procedure used to prepare cottage cheese promotes a 25-50% loss of calcium present in the milk it was made from.
		Low fat yogurt and low fat milk retain all the calcium from the milk they were made from, and thus, are excellent sources of calcium.
	www.kidsfirstsoccer.com /nutrfit.htm (3126 words)

	Calcium Fluoride, Calcium Fluoride transmission, CaF2 - Almaz Optics, Inc.
		Calcium Fluoride, Calcium Fluoride transmission, CaF2 - Almaz Optics, Inc.
		Calcium Fluoride is used for optical windows, lenses and prisms in the 0.15 µm - 9 µm range.
		Due to its low refractive index, Calcium Fluoride can be used without anti-reflection coating.
	www.almazoptics.com /CaF2.htm (97 words)

	Calcium Fluoride ( CaF2 ), Fluorite or Fluorospar — Properties and Applications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Calcium Fluoride (CaF2), Fluorite or Fluorospar — Properties and Applications
		It is a naturally occurring mineral that is transparent to translucent with colour varying widely from intense purple, to blue green, to yellow, through to reddish oranges, pinks, whites and browns.
		Calcium Fluoride is used as a flux in the aluminium industry and a source of fluorine for hydrofluoric acid production.
	www.azom.com /details.asp?ArticleID=2352 (135 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)