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Topic: Calcium in biology

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	85.07.08: The Calcium Cycle
		Calcium, one of the elements of the original crust of the earth, is today found in igneous rocks as calcium silicates and in sedimentary and metamorphic rocks as calcium carbonates.
		Calcium cations are used to decrease the acidity and raise the pH of the soil.
		Calcium is said to aid the growth of symbiotic and non-symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria which is why liming is important for the growth of legumes, whose roots host nitrogen fixing bacteria.
	www.yale.edu /ynhti/curriculum/units/1985/7/85.07.08.x.html (5762 words)

	Calcium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Calcium is a soft grey alkaline earth metal that is used as a reducing agent in the extraction of thorium, zirconium and uranium.
		Calcium is a rather soft metallic element that is purified by electrolysis from calcium fluoride.
		Calcium, combined with phosphate to form hydroxylapatite, is the mineral portion of human and animal bones and teeth.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Calcium (622 words)

	Biology
		Calcium in biology Calcium plays a vital role in the biochemistry of the cell, particularly in signal transduction pathw...
		Evolutionary biology Evolutionary biology is a subfield of Evolution.
		Journal of Theoretical Biology The Journal of Theoretical Biology is a As of 2004 it is edited by J. Tyson and Lewis Wol...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/biology.html (1132 words)

	Calcium in biology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Calcium plays a vital role in the anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of organisms and of the cell, particularly in signal transduction pathways.
		In vertebrates Ca (mostly calcium phosphate and some calcium sulfate) is the most important (and specific) element of bone and calcified cartilage.
		Some invertebrates use calcium compounds for building their exoskeleton (shells and carapaces) or endoskeleton (echinoderm plates and poriferan calcareous spicules).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Calcium_in_biology (491 words)

	The Vegetarian Society UK - Information Sheet - Calcium
		Calcium is present in a wide range of foods.
		This is because calcium is transported into the body by a special carrier protein which requires vitamin D for its synthesis.
		Calcium absorption decreases with age so it is important the elderly have adequate dietary calcium.
	www.vegsoc.org /info/calcium.html (770 words)

	Encyclopedia: Calcium in biology
		In biology, second messengers are low-weight diffusible molecules that are used in signal transduction to relay a signal within a cell.
		Calcium amount in foods, 100g: The gram or gramme, symbol g, is a unit of mass, and is defined as one one-thousandth of the SI base unit kilogram (i.
		Signal transduction Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin that contributes to the maintenance of normal levels of calcium and phosphorus in the bloodstream.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Calcium-in-biology (2075 words)

	Calcium
		Serum calcium levels are regulated by a number of factors, including breaking down bone (to increase blood calcium levels) and building up bone (to decrease blood calcium levels), excretion in the urine and feces (to decrease levels) and absorption through the intestine (to increase levels).
		The calcium level in their blood is not regulated well, in fact blood levels increase in proportion to the calcium in their diet.
		Calcium bound to oxalate (called, oddly enough, calcium oxalate) is not readily absorbable by the rabbit.
	www.carrotcafe.com /n/calcium.html (868 words)

	Brown Medical School (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The central hypothesis of this project is that calcium signals play a key role in coordinating the signaling pathways that pattern the brain.
		Calcium signals can spread rapidly over large distances within the embryo and are capable of regulating a wide variety of cellular processes, including secretion, cell motility, and gene expression.
		Current research in my lab is focused on how calcium interacts with components of the midline signaling pathway, which induces the neural tube floorplate and ventral brain regions.
	www.brown.edu /Divisions/Medical_School/andera/person.php?id=367 (366 words)

	Calcium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		For more information about Ca in living nature, see calcium in biology.
		When water percolates through limestone or other soluble carbonate rocks, it partially disolves part of the rock and causes cave formation and characteristic stalactites and stalagmites and also forms hard water.
		Other important calcium compounds are nitrate, sulfide, chloride, carbide,, and.
	www.americancanyon.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Calcium (498 words)

	Calcium Channels: Critical Targets of Toxicants and Diseases (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The structure and regulation of voltage-dependent calcium channels and their role in inherited and toxicant-induced neurologic disorders was the topic of a conference sponsored and hosted by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Sibia Neurosciences, and the Muscular Dystrophy Association on 6-8 December 1999.
		Calcium channels may be phosphorylated by many protein kinases, including calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases and protein kinases A and C. The effects of such phosphorylation depend on the channel subtype under study, the protein kinase, and other signaling pathways that may be active.
		Second, the complex interplay among calcium channels, calcium influx, intracellular calcium homeostasis, and intracellular signaling is likely to be important both in clinical syndromes attributable to calcium channel mutations and in the neurologic effects of a variety of toxicants.
	www.cfids-cab.org /cfs-inform/Hypotheses/audesirk.etal00.html (3756 words)

	Calcium in biology (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Calcium plays a vital role in the biochemistry of the cell, particularly in signaltransduction pathways.
		Circulating calcium is either in the free, ionized form or bound to blood proteins suchas albumin.
		In cell biology Ca ions are one of the most widespread messengers, their entrance into cytoplasm (either from outside the cell through cell membrane or from some internal Ca storages)represent the most important sign for the whole cell machinery.
	www.therfcc.org /calcium-in-biology-117232.html (223 words)

	The Kline Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A large increase in intracellular calcium is the primary trigger for egg activation (Kline and Kline, 1992; 1994).
		In addition, the increase in intracellular calcium is responsible for the exocytosis of cortical granules and the prevention of polyspermy (Kline and Stewart-Savage, 1994).
		The role of the ER in calcium storage and release is reviewd in Kline, 2000.
	dept.kent.edu /biology/kline.htm (1527 words)

	Bob Barefoot Coral Calcium Supreme From Okinawa Japan
		Muscle pains, cramps, twitches and even convulsions may suggest calcium deficiency.” “For asthma, 1000 milligrams of calcium should be given daily along with 1000 units of vitamin-D for intestinal absorption.
		Delaat, 1986 Calcium and the Cell, 1986, Wiley.
		The platelet derived growth factor induced calcium ion signal is due to calcium ion release from intracellular stores, whereas the epidermal growth factor seems to activate voltage independent calcium channel in the plasma membrane.
	www.superior-coral.com (1241 words)

	Calcium carbonate Information (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Calcium is a soft grey alkaline earth metal that is used as a reductionreducing agent in the extraction of thorium, zirconium and uranium.
		Calcium oxideQuicklime (CaoxygenO) is used in many chemical refinery processes and is made by heating and carefully adding water to limestone.
		Other important calcium compounds are calcium nitratenitrate, calcium sulfidesulfide, calcium chloridechloride, calcium carbidecarbide, calcium cyanamidecyanamide, and calcium hypochloritehypochlorite.
	www.echostatic.com /Calcium_carbonate.html (547 words)

	Chemistry : Periodic Table : calcium : key information
		Calcium is a metallic element, fifth in abundance in the earth's crust, of which it forms more than 3%.
		Chemically it is one of the alkaline earth elements; it readily forms a white coating of nitride in air, reacts with water, burns with a yellow-red flame, forming largely the nitride.
		Calcium is found mostly as limestone, gypsum and fluorite.
	www.webelements.com /webelements/elements/text/Ca/key.html (244 words)

	Calcium in biology -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Calcium can bind to several different calcium-modulated proteins such as troponin-C (the first one to be identified) or (Click link for more info and facts about calmodulin) calmodulin.
		This may even cause cell (A type of cell death in which the cell uses specialized cellular machinery to kill itself; a cell suicide mechanism that enables metazoans to control cell number and eliminate cells that threaten the animal's survival) apoptosis.
		Calcium and (A fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets) vitamin D.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ca/calcium_in_biology.htm (675 words)

	Biology of the Cell. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ouatas, B. Abdallah, A. Mazabraud, The nucleoside diphosphate kinase of xenopus laevis, Biology of the Cell 84 (1-2) (1995) pp.
		R Acher, J Chauvet, Y Rouille, Adaptive evolution of water homeostasis regulation in amphibians: Vasotocin and hydrins, Biology of the Cell 89 (5-6) (1997) pp.
		The chromosomes, Biology of the Cell 89 (7) (1997) pp.
	elsevier.com /cdweb/journals/02484900/viewer.htt?viewtype=authors&... (733 words)

	FOCUS - February 6, 2004 - CELL BIOLOGY: One-way Calcium Channel Pinpointed Within the Cell
		They pinpointed the discriminating one-way portals that calcium uses to slip into mitochondria, perhaps the first calcium-selective ion channel to be described inside a cell.
		A calcium build-up can trigger apoptosis, which works through the mitochondria in childhood to weed out excess neurons and refine the brain architecture, but in older people, the same process may kill diseased nerves and cause the dementia of Alzheimer's.
		The uniporter channel sucks calcium into the mitochondria, which in true multitasking fashion both sequesters the calcium and bolsters the ATP production to fuel whatever cellular activity was triggered by the calcium release.
	focus.hms.harvard.edu /2004/Feb6_2004/cell_biology.html (956 words)

	Term Paper on Biology. Free Biology Essays and Research Papers
		The Biothics of Cloning Bioethics, which is the study of value judgments pertaining to human conduct in the area of biology and includes those related to the practice of medicine, has been an important aspect of all areas in the scientific field (Bernstein, Maurice, M.D.).
		PHM499 Research Project Calcium transport study of SF-9 lepidopteran cells and bull frog sympathetic ganglion cells ABSTRACT The intracellular calcium level and the calcium efflux of the bull-frog sympathetic ganglion cells (BSG) and the SF-9 lepidopteran ovarian cells were investigated using a calcium-sensitive fluorescence probe fura-2.
		Biology - Genetics The Cystic Fibrosis Gene Introduction: Cystic fibrosis is an inherited autosomal recessive disease that exerts its main effects on the digestive system and the lungs.
	www.customessaymeister.com /customessaytopics/Biology.htm (7213 words)

	ipedia.com: Calcium Article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Calcium is a rather hard element that is purified by electrolysis from calcium fluoride that burns with a yellow-red flame and forms a white nitride coating when exposed to air.
		Calcium is the fifth most abundant element in the earth's crust (forming more than 3%) and is an essential part of leaves, bones, teeth, and shells.
		Due to its chemical reactivity with air and water, calcium is never found in nature unbound to other elements, except in living organisms where Ca plays a key role in cell physiology.
	www.ipedia.com /calcium.html (642 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Calcium: The Molecular Basis of Calcium Action in Biology and Medicine (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The identification and characterisation of new calcium binding proteins and regulatory pathways is matched by the recognition of the involvement of calcium binding proteins in a growing number of disease states.
		The first section introduces the reader to the role of calcium in cell biology, providing an appreciation of how this small, simple, non-metabolisable agent can move rapidly and silently through the different cellular compartments, thereby influencing and controlling the fate of the cell.
		The final section gives information on new methods and devices for calcium imaging, and illustrates how calcium movement and change can be monitored and ingeniously utilised as a fast, cheap, and accurate drug screening instrument.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/079236421X (513 words)

	Cell Biology : School of Dental Science (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Calcium has many roles inside and outside cells necessitating strict regulation at different concentrations in various locations.
		Calcium signals are transmitted through cells as transient increases of calcium which normally is at a very low concentration in the cytosol (cellular fluid).
		We initiated investigations of calcium handling in enamel cells questioning how they make such a highly-calcified product (tooth enamel is 40% calcium) without suffering the toxic effects of excess intracellular calcium.
	www.dent.unimelb.edu.au /dsweb/research_units/cell_biology.html (332 words)

	Calcium
		Calcium is the chief mineral element in the human body and is more essential to general health and well being than any other mineral.
		Calcium supplementation can play a major role in the prevention of osteoporosis.
		This is because the mineral is transported into the body by a special carrier protein which requires vitamin D for its synthesis.
	www.pangeatradewinds.info /pt149.htm (905 words)

	Biology of the Cell. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		-tubulin during the cell cycle in a unicellular eucaryote dinoflagellate, Biology of the Cell 90 (1) (1998) pp.
		K.C. Ribeiro, A. Pereira-Neves, M. Benchimol, The mitotic spindle and associated membranes in the closed mitosis of trichomonads, Biology of the Cell 94 (3) (2002) pp.
		M.L Concha, J. Sans, Early replicating DNA involved in the G2 to M transition in Allium cepa L meristematic cells, Biology of the Cell 83 (1) (1995) pp.
	elsevier.com /cdweb/journals/02484900/viewer.htt?viewtype=keywords&... (728 words)

	Nuclear calcium signaling controls CREB-mediated gene expression triggered by synaptic activity - Nature Neuroscience (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Here we show that in hippocampal neurons, signaling to CREB can be activated by nuclear calcium alone and does not require import of cytoplasmic proteins into the nucleus.
		The nucleus is particularly suited to integrate neuronal firing patterns, and specifies the transcriptional outputs through a burst frequency-to-nuclear calcium amplitude conversion.
		Calcium release from intracellular stores promotes calcium wave propagation into the nucleus, which is critical for CREB-mediated transcription by synaptic NMDA receptors.
	www.nature.com /neurolink/v4/n3/abs/nn0301_261.html (187 words)

	Search: Calcium - Info.co.uk
		Calcium shavings begin to react with the air almost as soon as they are made..
		calcium and the minerals necessary for its proper absorption have been associated with osteoporosis, cramps, colitis, bone fractures, dental health problems, brittleness of nails, insomnia, and bruxism.
		Calcium Ultra with calcium, magnesium and trace minerals all in perfect balance aiding a healthy body PH and promoting self-healing.
	www.info.co.uk /Calcium (271 words)

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