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Topic: Calcium phosphate

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	Calcium phosphate \| Calcarea Phosphorica - Tissue Salts No 2
		Calcium phosphate (Tissue Salt No 2) is contained, predominantly however in all body cells in the bone cells.
		Calcium phosphate is contained in all body cells, predominantly in the bone cells.
		Calcium phoshate (Tissue Salt No 2) works very slowly and must be taken therefore during a long period.
	www.alternative-medicine-naturopathy.com /calcium-phosphate-tissue-salts.html (337 words)

	2005 Annual Meeting Information - AAOS
		The calcium phosphate particles were 2-4 mm in size and consisted of 80% tricalcium phosphate and 20% hydroxyapatite.
		Calcium phosphate particles alone were statistically inferior in healing compared to any combination of OP-1 and calcium phosphate particles or OP-1 or autograft bone alone.
		Calcium phosphate particles alone were statistically equivalent to allograft bone alone in all healing studies.
	www.aaos.org /education/anmeet/anmt2005/sciprog/356.asp (544 words)

	Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University
		The increased urinary excretion of phosphorus is advantageous in bringing blood calcium levels up to normal because high blood levels of phosphate suppress the conversion of vitamin D to its active form in the kidneys (4).
		High phosphate levels in the blood reduce the formation of the active form of vitamin D (calcitriol) in the kidneys, reduce blood calcium, and lead to increased PTH release by the parathyroid glands.
		Calcium phosphate salts are sometimes used as calcium supplements (10).
	lpi.oregonstate.edu /infocenter/minerals/phosphorus (1696 words)

	calcium phosphate, tribasic medical facts from Drugs.com
		Calcium is a mineral that is found naturally in foods.
		Calcium can also bind to other minerals (such as phosphate) and aid in their removal from the body.
		Calcium phosphate is used to prevent and to treat calcium deficiencies.
	www.drugs.com /mtm/calcium_phosphate__tribasic.html (1136 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| New chemolysis for urological calcium phosphate calculi - a study in vitro
		Calcium phosphate calculi were poorly dissolved by Phys and Art, and they had a low dissolution rate in pH 8.5 EDTA.
		The chemical composition of these stones was varied but there was a predominance of calcium phosphate in almost all the stones and calcium oxalate was less than 10% (Table 1, Table 2).
		As the solubility of calcium phosphate is very pH dependent, the acidification of the urine by the incorporation of citric acid produce a pH between 3.0–4.0, the ideal pH for dissolution as described by Albright et al [9,10].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2490/5/9 (2686 words)

	Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials - Solubility of Calcium Phosphates
		Due the resorbable nature of calcium phosphate, with the general exception of hydroxyapatite, they have been proposed as potential bone defect fillers.
		Amorphous calcium phosphate is a phase that is often formed during high temperature processing, such as is the case with plasma spraying of hydroxyapatite.
		It is not uncommon for unstable calcium phosphates to dissolve and repreciptate as the stable compound at a given pH.
	www.azom.com /Details.asp?ArticleID=2140 (323 words)

	Drugs and Treatments - Calcium Phosphate Tribasic Oral - Patient Handout from RxList
		This medication is used to prevent or treat low blood calcium levels in people who do not get enough calcium from their diets.
		It may be used to treat conditions caused by low calcium levels such as bone loss (osteoporosis), weak bones (osteomalacia/rickets), decreased activity of the parathyroid gland (hypoparathyroidism), and a certain muscle disease (latent tetany).
		Calcium can decrease the absorption of other drugs such as tetracycline antibiotics (e.g., doxycycline, minocycline), estramustine, levothyroxine, and quinolone antibiotics (e.g., ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin).
	www.rxlist.com /drugs/drug-19287-Calcium+Phosphate+Tribasic+Oral.aspx?drugid=19287&drugname=Calcium+Phosphate+Tribasic+Oral (1238 words)

	Calcium phosphate, tribasic (tricalcium phosphate) Information on Healthline
		Do not take calcium phosphate or antacids containing calcium without first talking to your doctor if you take other medications.
		Calcium can decrease the effects of many other medicines by binding to them or by changing the acidity of the stomach or the urine.
		Stop taking calcium phosphate and seek emergency medical attention if you experience a rare allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closing of your throat; swelling of your lips, tongue, or face; or hives).
	www.healthline.com /multumcontent/calcium-phosphate-tribasic (545 words)

	COMPARE AMORPHOUS CALCIUM PHOSPHATE and other Calcium Phosphate Technologies from dentist.net
		Current Calcium Phosphate Technologies: Currently there are three technologies that are present in the market place that claim to offer remineralization and related benefits to the end user.
		The amorphous calcium phosphate that is associated with the protein is released during acidic challenges.
		The arginine complex binds to the tooth surface and allows the calcium carbonate to slowly dissolve and release calcium that is then available to remineralize the tooth surface.
	www.dentist.net /amorphous-calcium-phosphate.asp (1122 words)

	Calcium Phosphate
		Calcium phosphates are widely used in orthopaedics as implant coatings and defect fillers.
		There are almost a dozen different forms of calcium phosphates that can be used alone or as components in orthobiologics.
		The injectable calcium phosphate materials are synthesized using the latter method and range in crystallinity and resorbability in-vivo.
	www.etexcorp.com /etex/content/technology/cap.shtml (334 words)

	The Phosphate Fertilizer Industry: An Environmental Overview
		In the 1960s, air pollution emitted by another phosphate plant in Garrison, Montana was severe enough to be branded "the worst in the nation" by a 1967 National Air Pollution Conference in Washington, D.C. As in Polk County, and other communities downwind of fluoride emissions, the cattle in Garrison were poisoned by fluoride.
		It is because phosphate and uranium were laid down at the same time and in the same place by the same geological processes millions of years ago.
		Resting atop the phosphate industry's gypsum piles are highly-acidic wastewater ponds, littered with toxic contaminants, including fluoride, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, and the various decay-products of uranium.
	www.fluoridealert.org /phosphate/overview.htm (5196 words)

	Chapter 2. Calcium and Phosphate Homeostasis (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Skeletal calcium is controlled through the regulatory pathways of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the kidney, and this regulation is mediated in bone by the osteoblast, the bone-forming cell, and the osteoclast, the bone-resorbing cell.
		Physicians are most aware of the clinical status of calcium and skeletal metabolism in the patient as revealed by the circulating concentrations of these minerals in biological fluids, especially blood and urine, and by the structural integrity of the skeleton (1).
		For calcium, the transcellular transport is ferried by the interaction among a family of proteins that include calmodulin, calbindin, integral membrane protein, and alkaline phosphatase; the latter three are vitamin D dependent in their expression(6).
	www.endotext.org /parathyroid/parathyroid2/index.html (1343 words)

	Bite Sized Tutorials, salivary calcium phosphate and tooth protection
		At neutral pH the natural level of calcium phosphate in saliva is sufficient to supersaturate it with respect to hydroxyapatite.
		This does not happen because a solution of calcium phosphate requires a nucleating centre for hydroxyapatite deposition and the very surface of teeth are coated in an aquired pellicle of proteinaceous material derived from saliva which masks the underlying crystals.
		If some fluoride is added to a system in which calcium hydroxyapatite is in equilibrium with the ions in the surrounding aqueous phase the equilibrium will shift quite sharply to favour deposition of mineral (calcium fluorapatite) by acting as a common ion.
	www.ncl.ac.uk /dental/oralbiol/oralenv/tutorials/calciumphosphate.htm (1640 words)

	NOF Osteoporosis Prevention - Calcium Supplements
		Calcium is essential for many body functions, including regulation of the heartbeat, conduction of nerve impulses, stimulation of hormone secretions and clotting of blood, as well as for building and maintaining a healthy skeleton.
		Calcium is a mineral found in many foods and adequate calcium intake is important because the human body cannot produce calcium.
		Calcium, whether from the diet or supplements, is absorbed best by the body when it is taken several times a day in amounts of 500 mg or less, but taking it all at once is better than not taking it at all.
	www.nof.org /prevention/calcium_supplements.htm (909 words)

	Calcium
		Calcium is found in bone and teeth primarily in the form of the calcium phosphate compound hydroxyapatite.
		Calcium is typically freed from calcium complexes during digestion and is released in a soluble and probably ionized form for absorption.
		Calcium may be poorly absorbed from foods rich in oxalic acid (spinach, sweet potatoes, rhubarb and beans) or phytic acid (unleavened bread, raw beans, seeds, nuts and grains and soy isolates).
	www.pdrhealth.com /drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/cal_0052.shtml (3104 words)

	Calcium phosphate bone cement - the Norian skeletal repair system in orthopedic surgery AORN Journal - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Calcium phosphate bone cement provides immediate mechanical integrity to cancellous bone defects, which is not true of other calcium phosphate replacement materials or cancellous bone autografts.
		Calcium phosphate bone cement's compressive strength is greater than the strength of cancellous bone and is one half the strength of cortical bone (ie, 55 millipascels).
		Calcium phosphate bone cement is administered in a step-by-step process similar to that used for PMMA.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0FSL/is_n5_v65/ai_19430354 (717 words)

	Symmetry Corporation USA
		Getting enough calcium early in life is vital for bones to reach their maximum density so that they are as strong as possible to support the body, even when they lose density later in life.
		Calcium levels are also lowest during the night and may be affected by the concentration of the hormone cortisol.
		Calcium and magnesium and calcium and potassium are related in that high levels of one can produce low levels of the other.
	www.symmetrydirect.com /info/calcium.htm (2015 words)

	NNFA Scientific Backgrounder on Calcium Forms
		Calcium functions in maintaining blood pressure, essential for muscle contraction and heart beat, secretion of hormones and digestive enzymes, the regulation of ions across cell membranes, and important in nerve transmission.
		Calcium carbonate is best absorbed with meals and should not be taken when acid secretion is minimal (e.g., at night or in a fasted state) or in individuals with hypochlorhydria (abnormally small amount of HCl in the stomach) or achlorhydria (absence of stomach acid).
		Calcium is an essential mineral and is well-known for its structural role in bones and teeth.
	bariatricadvantage.com /information/scientificdata_nnfaoncalcium.htm (1482 words)

	CitracalÂ® Calcium Citrate for Osteoporosis (Site not responding. Last check: )
		All other forms of calcium must be broken down with stomach acid before your body can make use of them--this is why it is recommended that you take other forms of calcium with meals, when stomach acid levels are high, and it is why some other forms of calcium are also sold as antacids.
		Calcium citrate produces these ions when it reacts with water, and calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate give off these ions when they react with stomach acid (hydrochloric acid).
		Coral calcium is the fossilized shells of sea creatures and is found both above ground (called stony fossilized) and in the ocean (marine grade) in the vicinity of Okinawa, Japan.
	www.citracal.com /calcium/calcium_comparison.aspx (418 words)

	UK NKF - Bones, Calcium, Phosphate, and PTH in Kidney Failure
		Phosphate binders are a group of medicines which bind to phosphate in your food and prevent your body from absorbing the phosphate.
		In some cases, though, the calcium goes very high (over 3 mmol/l) in the first couple of months after a transplant, and it is necessary to operate on the neck to remove parathyroid glands (for details of the operation, click here).
		A reduction in the blood calcium level can also allow a higher dose of calcium-containing phosphate binders to be used to control the blood phosphate level, without at the same time causing a high blood calcium level.
	www.kidney.org.uk /Medical-Info/Calcium-Phosphate/treatments.html (1279 words)

	sodium phosphate-potassium phosphate Glossary of Terms with Definitions on MedicineNet.com
		It is composed chiefly of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate.
		Calcium is added to bones by cells called osteoblasts and is removed from bones by cells called osteoclasts.
		According to the National Academy of Sciences, adequate intake of calcium is 1,200 milligrams a day (four glasses of milk) for men and women 51 and older, 1,000 milligrams a day for adults 19 through 50, and 1,300 milligrams a day for children 9 through 18.
	www.medicinenet.com /sodium_phosphate-potassium_phosphate/glossary.htm (2567 words)

	Canine Calcium Phosphate Uroliths - College of Veterinary Medicine - University of Minnesota
		Calcium phosphate is commonly found as a minor component of struvite and calcium oxalate uroliths.
		Uroliths composed principally of calcium phosphate are uncommon in dogs, and are usually associated with metabolic disorders such as primary hyperparathyroidism, renal tubular acidosis, and excessive dietary calcium and phosphorus.
		Medical therapy of patients with recurrent calcium phosphate uroliths should then be directed at removing or minimizing risk factors that contribute to supersaturation of urine with calcium phosphate.
	www.cvm.umn.edu /depts/minnesotaurolithcenter/recommendations/k9calphosuroliths.html (801 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL OF GERIATRICS, Ch. 58, Disorders of Mineral Metabolism
		Because IV phosphate therapy can cause hypocalcemia and soft tissue calcification and because many elderly patients have impaired renal function and do not handle phosphate loads well, IV phosphate must be administered cautiously, even when serum concentrations are extremely low.
		Excessive intake of phosphate rarely causes hyperphosphatemia, partly because a high phosphate concentration leads to diarrhea and partly because renal excretion is efficient.
		If the serum phosphate concentration is extremely high, calcium phosphate salts are deposited in bone and soft tissue, and the serum calcium concentration may fall, producing tetany.
	www.merck.com /mrkshared/mmg/sec8/ch58/ch58c.jsp (591 words)

	Bone Builders - Calcium Supplements
		Calcium is an essential mineral that plays an important role in bone formation, muscle contraction, and blood clotting.
		Calcium citrate does not require extra stomach acid to be dissolved, and should be taken on an empty stomach.
		Calcium phosphate, calcium lactate, and calcium gluconate are not as good because they have small percentages of elemental calcium in each tablet, so you have to take many tablets to get enough calcium.
	ag.arizona.edu /maricopa/fcs/bb/supps.htm (396 words)

	Section 3 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Low serum calcium acts upon the parathyroid to prompt secretion of PTH; conversely, at elevated serum calcium levels PTH secretion is suppressed and calcitonin (synthesized in the C cells of the thyroid gland) is secreted into the blood.
		TH acts to restore blood calcium levels in three ways: 1) it stimulates the formation of calcitriol in the kidney by activating the appropriate hydroxylases, 2) it increases the rate of reabsorption of calcium in the kidney, lowering calcium loss, and 3) it stimulates osteoclasts to resorb bone and release calcium (and phosphate).
		Phosphate reduction therapy (with aluminum hydroxide) would be a bad idea in patients with renal osteodystrophy, because they are already at risk for hypophosphatemia.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /swaneyj/Netrition/Calcium-P-Fe/p3.htm (564 words)

	Calcium and Phosphorus Homeostasis
		The normal concentration of calcium and phosphate in blood and extracellular fluid is near the saturation point; elevations can lead to diffuse precipitation of calcium phosphate in tissues, leading to widespread organ dysfunction and damage.
		Calcium in blood and extracellular fluid: Roughly half of the calcium in blood is bound to proteins.
		As with calcium, the majority of body phosphate (approximately 85%) is present in the mineral phase of bone.
	arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu /hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/thyroid/calcium.html (889 words)

	Drugs and Treatments - Calcium Phosphate with Vit D Oral - Patient Handout from RxList
		This combination medication is used to prevent or treat low blood calcium levels in people who do not get enough calcium from their diets.
		Having the right amounts of vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus is important for building and keeping strong bones.
		Calcium supplements come in different forms that contain different amounts of calcium/vitamin D. Ask your doctor or pharmacist to help select the best product for you.
	www.rxlist.com /drugs/drug-59757-Calcium+Phosphate+with+Vit+D+Oral.aspx?drugid=59757&drugname=Calcium+Phosphate+with+Vit+D+Oral (1369 words)

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