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Topic: Caledonian Forest

In the News (Sun 20 Dec 09)

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	SAC selection - 91C0 Caledonian forest
		Caledonian forest comprises relict, indigenous pine forests of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris var.
		Caledonian forest occurs in the central and north-eastern Grampian mountains and in the northern and western Highlands of Scotland.
		The pinewood of Kinveachy is one of the major tracts of remnant Caledonian forest in Strathspey and is the third-largest pinewood in the region.
	www.jncc.gov.uk /ProtectedSites/SACselection/habitat.asp?FeatureIntCode=H91C0 (1957 words)

	Untitled Document
		The greatest threat to the forests however was the activities of the populations that controlled the land.
		Forests became a valuable asset that was simply sold off for profit at the expense of both the local population and the environment.
		The Caledonian Forest in the Highlands of Scotland is under the spotlight from groups who are keen to bring it back to its former glory.
	www.naturalspace.com /naturalworld_broadband/foresttext.htm (2192 words)

	New Life for Scotland's Ancient Forest
		‘Caledonian Forest’ is the term with the tingle – evoking images of a wildwood of ancient native pines and other trees, where northern forest plants thrive and wildcat and marten roam.
		This is the framework of the Caledonian Forest.
		Trees for Life’s primary goal is to bring Caledonian Forest cover back to a large area of the Highlands and eventually to re-introduce the missing wildlife which formerly lived in the old forest.
	www.plant-talk.org /stories/9scot.html (1794 words)

	BBC - Hands on Nature - Caledonian Pine Woods
		Abernethy Forest in is one of the oldest woodlands in the Britain, renowned for its soaring Scots Pines, its stunning Ospreys, and its abundance of wildlife.
		The Abernethy Forest is one of the last remnants of the Caledonian pine forest which once covered the country.
		The Scots Pine is the largest and longest lived tree in the Caledonian pine forest, characterised by the distinctive pine cones at the end of their branches.
	www.bbc.co.uk /handsonnature/woodlands/caledonian_pinewoods.shtml (526 words)

	Cashel Forest
		Cashel Forest is one of many Millennium Forest for Scotland projects, with the ambitious collective aim to restore something of the unique ecology of the Caledonian Forest.
		It is also the setting for an exciting partnership project, involving BEN, BTCV and the Scottish Refugee Council, which aims to give excluded people a chance to use their skills, as volunteers, to contribute to the conservation and sustainable development of the environment in Scotland, and thereby to aid social integration.
		This is a forester's nightmare – of course because they care deeply for the wellbeing of the trees, but also because the funding for these plantings will only be delivered for `successful' trees ie those which are still growing after 10 years.
	www.ben-network.org.uk /participation/green_spaces/gs_more_info/cashel.html (2932 words)

	7/2/2003 -- Forest to Be Restored to Scottish Highlands
		The forest began to fall to the scythe of climate change and the activities of primitive tribes from pre-Roman times.
		Foresters are using helicopters to airlift seedlings to the wild hills of Baile Mor.
		While human activity had a major impact in the Highlands throughout history, the Caledonian Forest's demise was hastened by climate change.
	forests.org /articles/reader.asp?linkid=19982 (942 words)

	Forest Restoration Information Service (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		CEAM has a well developed Forest Restoration programme area that specifically looks at research and development of new management techniques for Mediterranean conditions, especially in regard to the restoration of forest and shrublands affected by fire and desertification processes.
		The Caledonian Partnership is an innovative partnership of voluntary conservation organizations and government forestry, conservation and research agencies with wide experience of and responsibility for native woodland restoration and conservation.
		US based NGO that protects forests and helps the people who live in them by promoting and supporting sustainable land use by planting trees in cooperation with local people in communities around the world.
	www.unep-wcmc.org /forest/restoration/organizations.htm (826 words)

	WWF - Dry Forest in New Caledonia: Management, Protection and Restoration
		The tropical dry forests of New Caledonia are unique in that they represent some of the world's richest dry forests with very high levels of endemism.
		The New Caledonian sclerophyll forest supports 409 native plant species, including at least 59 species which occur only in these habitats and many more that are endemic to New Caledonia.
		Threats to the area have been identified as clearing pasture, uncontrolled burning during the dry season, the invasion of exotic plants and animals (rusa deer and electric ant), and the land tenure status of the dry forest patches, which are largely held by private owners.
	www.panda.org /about_wwf/what_we_do/forests/our_solutions/responsible_forestry/projects/index.cfm?uProjectID=NC0001 (675 words)

	Holistic Hong Kong - April - Features
		From the mangroves of Viet Nam and the Atlantic Forest of Brazil to the oak forests of Russia, concerned local people are taking action to restore their indigenous forest heritage.
		A cessation of logging in primary forests will shift the burden of productivity on to secondary forests and plantations, but their management and structure will have to be very different from the majority of practices today.
		This was highlighted by a study of the Kibale Forest in Uganda over 23 years, which concluded that sustainable logging there would involve the harvesting of one large tree per hectare per century, with extraction done by hand to minimise disruption to the forest.
	holistichongkong.com /2004-04/future-for-forests.html (1931 words)

	Forest management plan Letters to the Editor - The Caledonian-Record News
		Vermont's prominent forest ecologist, Charles Cogbill, performed a study from Maine to Vermont showing that the native species of trees have, and most likely will, burn down an average of once every 215 years and/or blow down every 1,000 years (Albers, 2000).
		That leaves an average tree life in the Northeast region at 244 years - far from "old growth." Even if our native species were to sustain the environmental hazards - including human intervention - they would certainly never attain the age of the Sequoias.
		First and second succession forests are those that provide food and shelter for our native species and also assist in a natural flow of evolution that has been occurring since the beginning of time.
	www.caledonianrecord.com /pages/letters_to_editor/story/eddfcd0c5 (454 words)

	Benefits of wilderness? Letters to the Editor - The Caledonian-Record News
		Beyond their disregarding Vermonters' opposition to more wilderness, expressed in 2004 House Resolution 52, and ignoring forest service recommendations, their touted "benefits" of wilderness must be reviewed through a lens of natural resource reality.
		Class members believed forests worldwide were being decimated, and decimated by logging activity; that the world was on the brink of running out of many important raw materials...
		Assuming Minnesota students are as attuned to forest issues as peers nationwide, "reality" is that much public opinion on forest management is likely off the mark.
	www.caledonianrecord.com /pages/letters_to_editor/story/177169cef (368 words)

	Scotland: Partnership to Protect Ancient Caledonian Pine Forest
		While the forest and the neighbouring Forest of Spey together occupy
		Deeside Forest as a model of integrated and sustainable land use and
		In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107, this material is distributed without profit to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving Forest Conservation informational materials for research and educational purposes.
	forests.org /archive/europe/unipartc.htm (482 words)

	Bibliography Scottish forest history
		But the concept of the Caledonian forest must be approached with caution because it is putting the blame of the destruction of Scotland's native forests on outsiders while there is an abundance of evidence to suggest that locals mainly destroyed the forest.
		The disappeared forests of Scotland were also used to justify the creation of modern forestry plantations during the 20th century.
		The war reduced forest cover in Britain to less than five percent of its total land surface, the lowest ever known, and Britain's dependence on foreign supplies of timber during times of war became a major concern.
	www.eh-resources.org /biblio_scot.html (869 words)

	The Caledonian Partnership
		Scotland's semi-natural forest resource has a long history of degradation through natural factors and extractive management and has suffered a long-term trend of fragmentation and isolation.
		The Caledonian Partnership is an innovative partnership of voluntary conservation organisations and government forestry, conservation and research agencies with wide experience of and responsibility for native woodland restoration and conservation.
		This project is to produce a detailed audit of all Caledonian Forest remains in Argyll, to test and validate the detailed survey techniques for wider application.
	www.caledonian-partnership.org.uk (395 words)

	Affric (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		It lies within the Fort Augustus District of FE and it is the Forest District Manager and his staff of professional foresters who negotiate and implement the agreement on an annual basis.
		It exists to promote the re-afforestation of areas of treeless wild land, and has a vision of a future in which large areas of the Caledonian Forest are restored.
		For example, it encouraged people who had worked as volunteers in Glen Affric to write to Forest Enterprise to say how much they approved of what had been achieved and to ask why there were not to be further opportunities for collaborative work.
	www.caledonia.org.uk /socialland/affric.htm (3097 words)

	Scottish Forest Alliance - Sites
		The Scottish Forest Alliance aims to evaluate, research and demonstrate the contribution of sustainable forest projects to carbon sequestration in Scotland.
		Since August 2001, trials involving fire and cattle management have been ongoing in the forest to encourage the spread of blaeberry as the main forest floor vegetation.
		Fire and cattle are also being used on the forest edge to attempt to establish regeneration of Scots pine trees The trials are being carefully monitored to determine whether such techniques should become longer-term management tools.
	www.scottishforestalliance.org.uk /sites/abernethy.asp (501 words)

	WWF - Restoration: Projects in Europe and the Middle East
		In some areas this means restoring species of commercial value to previously logged over forests, working with plantation companies to enhance the biodiversity values in plantations and adjacent areas, or restoring the linkages between fragmented patches of semi-natural woodland.
		On the one hand these may provide huge opportunities for forest restoration with large areas of land coming out of agriculture, but at the same time other policies may provide obstacles to sustainable restoration practices, or support conversion to other land uses that may also threaten existing forest areas.
		Through its forest restoration work in the Mediterranean (Morocco and Portugal), and the Lower Bulgarian Danube Islands, WWF is working to address some of the political challenges as well as develop on the ground restoration initiatives.
	www.panda.org /about_wwf/what_we_do/forests/our_solutions/restoration/africa/europe/index.cfm (423 words)

	Art 'after landscape': Mick McGraw
		The Glen Falloch Ancient Caledonian Forest lies on the edge of the A82 between Loch Lomond and Crianlarich.
		This section of forest is the southernmost surviving remnant of natural pine forest in Scotland.
		Despite this wide distribution, the Scots pine forests in Scotland are unique and distinct from those elsewhere because of the absence of any other native conifers.
	www.leeds.ac.uk /cath/ahrc/events/2004/1105/abs/mcgraw.html (380 words)

	Self-catering cottages by the Abernethy forest RSPB reserve, Nethy Bridge.
		The Forest is the largest R.S.P.B. reserve in Britain extending from the river Spey to the Cairngorm Mountains
		It is one of the remnants of the ancient Caledonian pine forest that once covered most of the Highlands of Scotland.
		The Abernethy forest is host to various birds and other wild-life including Scottish crossbills, crested tits, roe deer and red squirrels, and from here it's on your door-step.
	freespace.virgin.net /john.fleming3/forest.htm (301 words)

	Forestry Natural Resource Management Information \| Business.com
		Yale University study on the mixed deciduous forest on Totoket Mountain and the crooked brook watershed of North Branford, Connecticut.
		Provider of research partnership services aiming to publish books on world forests, society and environment to be used by experts, policy-makers, academia, and interested media and public.
		Program that focuses on forest lands in the US that are in some form of nonfederal ownership.
	www.business.com /directory/agriculture/forestry/natural_resource_management (1136 words)

	King Arthur's Battles
		The seventh battle is in the Caledonian Forest.
		Yet they were dislocated from the modern Caledonian forest probably before the Roman invasion of Scotland, leaving the interpretation of these southern forests as Celidon (Caledonian) as suspect.
		Ptolemy in the next century records that the Caledonian forest was 'beyond' (or possibly 'west of') the Caledonii, a tribe whom they had just encountered in an area north of the Forth: so it was still somewhere beyond the known horizon." This siting of the Caledonian forest includes the region of Catt already suggested.
	www.templum.freeserve.co.uk /history/strathclyde/arthursbattles.htm (2844 words)

	Sketch Book of the North - Cadzow Forest
		Secluded, too, in the depths of the old Caledonian forest, the fastness had endless facilities for secret communication and for safe hiding in case of necessity, and the deeds of its owners need have been subject to the curiosity of no prying eye.
		Monarchs of the primeval wilds, these gigantic trees, garlanded now with the green leaf of another year, need acres each for the spread of their mighty roots; while as withies in comparison are the cedars of a century.
		And down these forest avenues, the home of his sires from immemorial time, where his hoof sinks deep in the primeval sward, and there is no rival to answer his hoarse bellow of defiance, comes the lordly Caledonian bull.
	www.electricscotland.com /HISTORY/sketches/cadzow_forest.htm (1379 words)

	Scottish Forest Alliance - Sites
		SFA funding is being used to expand existing native pinewood by 150 hectares and to restore 1000 hectares of native pinewood altered by previous management.
		Management of grazing animals and the removal of non-native trees are encouraging the native woodland to expand on to the lower slopes of the Cairngorm mountains, thereby recreating the natural tree line.
		In recent years, the encouraging regeneration of the forest habitats has benefited populations of fl grouse, capercaillie, crested tits, red squirrels, wood ants and creeping ladies’ tresses.
	www.scottishforestalliance.org.uk /sites/glenmore.asp (456 words)

	Scotsman.com Living - Holiday Inn hotels - Hidden gems of Scotland - A spiritual, magical forest full of wonder
		MAGICAL, spiritual and transcending: the Ancient Caledonian Forest has to be the most ethereal environment in the country and a rare and precious gem in our natural heritage.
		Standing in the forest, you inhale its ancient origins which date back to the end of the last Ice Age 10,000 years ago, when the trees began to march north from continental Europe; 6,000 years ago, the forest covered whole swathes of the country.
		This is why the Caledonian Forest should be recognised as a Wonder of Scotland: it's wonderful it has survived but it's a wonder that it did.
	living.scotsman.com /diagrams.cfm?cid=8&id=254842006 (730 words)

	Rothiemurchus Estate : Caledonian Pine Forest
		Within its boundaries Rothiemurchus has one of the largest remaining parts of the ancient Caledonian Forest, which is of exceptional national significance, as it is continuously managed for the natural regeneration of trees without interruption.
		Even though past centuries saw some extensive felling, the forest was always left to regenerate enough to allow it to survive into the future.
		Some of the less obvious flora and fauna on the Estate have habitat requirements which are not yet fully understood and management for biodiversity is designed to conserve and enhance the existing intricate mosaic of habitats and increase available diversity.
	www.rothiemurchus.net /pineforest.html (250 words)

	Scottish Crossbills
		It is endemic to the Caledonian Forests of Scotland.
		The Scottish crossbill was for a long time considered by many ornithologists to be a race of either the Common Crossbill or the Parrot Crossbill, both of which occur in the Caledonian Forest.
		This crossbill is resident, and is not known to migrate.
	www.avianweb.com /scottishcrossbills.html (858 words)

	Loch Maree - Beinn Eighe Information and Picture Gallery. Loch Maree in Wester Ross
		Loch Maree is one of the last places in Scotland with remains of the old Caledonian Pine Forests.
		When the rain is pooring down the forest is a magic place.
		The islands in Loch Maree with the remains of the ancient Pine Forests.
	www.scotlandview.co.uk /lochmaree.htm (440 words)

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