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	Caledonians - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Caledonians (Latin: Caledonii) or Caledonian Confederacy, is a name given by historians to a group of the indigenous Picts of Scotland during the Iron Age.
		In 197 AD Dio Cassius records that the Caledonians aided in a further attack on the Roman frontier being led by the Maeatae and the Brigantes and probably inspired by the removal of garrisons on Hadrian's Wall by Clodius Albinus.
		The Caledonians are next mentioned in 209, when they are said to have surrendered to the emperor Septimius Severus after he personally led a military expedition north of Hadrian's Wall, in search of a glorious military victory.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Caledonians (927 words)

	[No title]
		A.D.84 the Caledonians met the invading Romans at the battle of Mons Grapius.
		According to the invading Roman generals son in law, Tacitus, the Caledonian suffered a crushing defeat.
		The Caledonians continued to raid the roman towns and forts, so much so that great walls were built across the width of the land to keep the caledonians out of the Roman occupied lands.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Acropolis/4933/picts.html (949 words)

	Battle of Mons Graupius (84 AD)
		The Caledonian noble chariots and horse charged fiercely, driving back the Roman horse, but eventually losing impetus and becoming a tangled mass due to the roughness of the ground and the Roman ditch.
		According to Tacticus, the Caledonian flanking force then retired precipitiously, laying open the balance of their army to dreadful rout as the Roman reserve cavalry wheeled and struck the rear of the Caledonians still engaged on the moor.
		A Caledonian commander who refuses to deploy or advance at least 50% of his army off of the slopes and on to the moor by the end of turn six must concede 2 victory points.
	fanaticus.org /DBA/battles/monsgraupius.html (992 words)

	Story of Scotland: On the Fringe of the Empire, ch.2
		The Caledonians under Calgacus took their positions on a hill, with the footman marshaled in ranks upon the slopes of the hill.
		Despite heavy casualties early on, the Caledonians didn’t falter or retreat and as long as they held the high ground, it was going to be a difficult fight for the Romans.
		The death-strewn hill was steep, and moist with blood, causing Roman troops and cavalry to fall as the ascended the slopes.
	members.aol.com /scothist/scot2.html (4112 words)

	General History of the Highlands: Chapter 2
		The term Caledonians is supposed by some authorities to have been derived from a native word signifying "men of the woods," or the inhabitants of the woody country; this, however, is mere conjecture.
		In the beginning of the third century there were at least two divisions of the inhabitants of Caledonia,—the Caledonians and Maeats,—the former inhabiting the country to the north of the Grampians, and the latter, in all probability, that to the south and southeast of these mountains.
		There is the strongest probability that the Caledonians spoken of as Picts by Eumenius were the same as the Caledonians of Tacitus, or that the Caledonians and Picts were the same people under different names.
	www.electricscotland.com /history/genhist/hist2.html (9254 words)

	The history of Scotland - Caledonians and Romans in Scotland
		There is little doubt that Caledonian tribes of Scotland would have been aware of the mighty reputation of the Romans well in advance of their attempts to extend the borders of their Empire northwards.
		It was on this march, at a place the Romans recorded as Mons Graupius (somewhere in the Grampian Mountains, perhaps at Bennachie by Inverurie), that the Caledonians made the fatal error of confronting them head on.
		It is also recorded that the Caledonians had the advantage of the higher ground, but just like Boudicca some 40 years earlier, they lacked the organisation, discipline and military tactics of the Roman legions.
	www.historic-uk.com /HistoryUK/Scotland-History/RomansinScotland.htm (862 words)

	Ossian - A DISSERTATION CONCERNING THE ÆRA OF OSSIAN.
		It was in the beginning of the second century that their power among the Caledonians began to decline.
		The traditions concerning Trathal and Cormac, ancestors to Fingal, are full of the particulars of the fall of the Druids: a singular fate it must be owned, of priests who had once established their superstition.
		Some of them, through a zeal to propagate their tenets, or through fear, went beyond the pale of the Roman empire, and settled among the Caledonians; who were, ready to hearken to their doctrines, if the religion of the Druids was exploded long before.
	www.exclassics.com /ossian/aera.htm (3499 words)

	RTÉ.ie Sport - Rugby: Leinster beat Glasgow Caledonians
		Leinster beat Glasgow Caledonians at Donnybrook tonight to keep alive their hopes of advancing to the quarter-finals of the European Rugby Cup.
		Caledonians had been struggling to shake a 'flu bug that had hit the camp and had delayed their selection as a result.
		However all were declared fit at a team meeting this morning proving a major boost to the sides chances to gain an advantage in the group.
	www.rte.ie /sport/2000/0107/rugby1.html (220 words)

	Ossian - A DISSERTATION CONCERNING THE POEMS OF OSSIAN.
		This, of itself, is sufficient to demonstrate that they are the genuine descendants of the ancient Caledonians, and not a pretended colony of Scots, who settled first in the north, in the third or fourth century.
		The Caledonians, in process of time, became naturally divided into two distinct nations, as possessing parts of the country entirely different in their nature and soil.
		In the utmost distress, they applied to their old masters, the Romans, and (after the unfortunate state of the empire could not spare aid) to the Saxons, a nation equally barbarous and brave with the enemies of whom they were so much afraid.
	www.exclassics.com /ossian/dissert.htm (8585 words)

	Scotland's Past - Battle of Mons Graupius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In it the numbers are greatly exaggerated with 30,000 Caledonians led by Calgagus, 'the Swordsman' fighting less than 10,000 Romans, at the end of the battle there were 10,000 Caledonian dead against 360 Roman.
		The Caledonians were no match for the mighty Roman war machine, and although the numbers given by Tacitus were certainly too high, they suffered a terrible defeat.
		A large part of the Caledonian army escaped, however, and in the next few centuries their descendants were to become a thorn in the side of Roman Britain.
	www.scotlandspast.org /graupius.cfm (676 words)

	BBC - History - Scottish History
		The Caledonians had decided they were not to be subject to Rome, a decision many paid for with their lives.
		According to the Roman historian Tacitus, the Caledonians then "turned to armed resistance on a large scale", attacking Roman forts and skirmishing with their legions.
		In a surprise night-attack, the Caledonians very nearly wiped out the whole 9th legion until it was saved by Agricola’s cavalry.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/scottishhistory/darkages/features_darkages_romans.shtml (364 words)

	foundation myth
		About the year 200 a people called the Maeatae were named along with the Caledonians as an enemy of Britannia and Hadrian's wall was crossed in the early 180's and Antonine's wall remained out of commission until about 212.
		In 343 Constans engaged in a campaign against the Picts and in 363 the Picts allied with the Scots of Ireland harried the frontier areas.
		From this analysis we would see the Caledonians as being the northern Picts, who at the time of Agricola and Calgacus were the dominant Pictish tribe and therefore the Caledonians and Picts are one and the same.
	www.holyrood.org.uk /picts/romans.htm (583 words)

	Chapter II
		to the Caledonians and if it is only the spirit of what he said, that people were well worthy of obtaining the liberty and independence of their country, for which they were fighting.
		It is most highly honourable to the Caledonian Gael the noble resistance they made to retain the liberty of their country; and the building of these walls was the greatest proof the Romans could give, that to conquer Caledonia was a hopeless task.
		The Caledonian Picts alone are mentioned in history; the manner in which this new people from Ireland first appear in North Britain, and afterwards came to form a settlement in Argyleshire, will be fully treated of in the next and following chapters.
	www.electricscotland.com /history/gael/chap2.htm (1132 words)

	CHAPTER 17
		But whatever the motives or hopes of the invaders, to the Caledonian, his brown moors and naked hills were dear, and he was prepared to defend them to the last drop of his blood.
		The Caledonians let fly showers of flint arrow-heads, and the Romans replied by a discharge of their missiles, which however, were less effective than the "dense volleys" of the enemy.
		The Caledonian dead would, of course, not be counted, but only roughly guessed at; but if half the number the historian says lay on the field, what a trophy, ghastly yet noble, of the resolution and devotion of the natives, and, alas!
	www.reformation.org /vol1ch17.html (4639 words)

	Chapter 9
		Caledonians, Jews, even Duchamps were all equally victims of the Eriarti and only a united front could effectively end the threat.
		Until the Duchamps displayed monumental incompetence not once but twice with regard to their long-time foe, that is. Now the Caledonians had a large and very skilled military force thanks to the ineptitude of the Duchamp officer caste and the shortsightedness of their social policies.
		The Caledonians’ inexperience in space battle was compensated for by the incompetence of their foes up to this point, although Hador strongly believed they were getting at least some assistance.
	home.att.net /~steve.condrey/nanowrimo/Chapter9.htm (2800 words)

	Scottish History - Summary Index
		The odds seem, by today's standards, to have been way out of balance in favour of the Caledonians, but the Romans were expert and professional soldiers and had been fighting as a unit for centuries.
		The Caledonians had expected this, and had set an ambush in the south and east of the Roman's fortresses.
		Over a period of one week the Caledonians, who were used to hiding in the mountains sprang one at a time on the confused and hopelessly lost Romans utterly killing them all.
	www.scottish-history.com /origins.shtml (1795 words)

	[No title]
		The Caledonians have been throwing rocks at the Six Nations people, shouting racial slurs.
		Yesterday the Caledonians blocked the road for 6 buses of supporters from Toronto.
		When Six Nations people went to help the people who were being attacked, they were surrounded by more Caledonians, who shoved and hit them and accused the Indigenous people of instigating the violence.
	www.angelfire.com /folk/sovereignty/may.22.06.html (977 words)

	The Scotsman - Sport - Caledonians left to settle for silver (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		AFTER an anticlimactic penalty shoot-out at the end of the final, Scotland’s hockey team - masquerading as the Caledonians - won the silver medal in the women’s competition of the Midland invitation tournament in Birmingham yesterday.
		The 3-3 draw over Oulten & West Warwicks - whom they defeated 8-2 in the pool match on Saturday - was a bitter disappointment after four consecutive victories for the Scots in their only competitive event prior to the European Nations Cup at the end of the month.
		The Caledonians had secured their place in the final with a less-than-convincing 2-0 win over Woking in the morning.
	thescotsman.scotsman.com /sport.cfm?id=11452004 (481 words)

	Glasgow Caledonians
		The Glasgow Caledonian Reds will be renamed Glasgow Rugby and the campaign will focus on “bringing passion to Friday nights”, with Glasgow’s Gordon Bulloch fronting a TV advertising campaign.
		Glasgow Caledonians have signed Nathan Ross, a six foot nine inch second row Australian who qualifies, and says he wants to play, for Scotland.
		David Jordan, Glasgow Caledonians’ Chief Executive, explained: “Shaun had only one year of his contract left, but we could not guarantee that Glasgow Caledonians would extend the contract beyond that.
	home.btconnect.com /Rugby-Ulster/glasgow_caledonians.htm (1318 words)

	BBC News \| MONITORING \| New Caledonians greet stay on deportation of Chinese
		New Caledonians campaigning to halt the deportation of illegal Chinese immigrants welcomed the news on Sunday that the Chinese flight expected to pick them up had been cancelled, French TV reported.
		Odile Hory, one of the campaign's leaders, told a rally in the capital of the French territory, Noumea, that the immigrants faced "attacks, death, torture and suffering" if they were deported back to China.
		BBC Monitoring (http://www.monitor.bbc.co.uk), based in Caversham in southern England, selects and translates information from radio, television, press, news agencies and the Internet from 150 countries in more than 70 languages.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/monitoring/68355.stm (177 words)

	Black Watch Soccer Club \| Tampa, Florida
		Starting on 6/13/06, the U14 tryouts will pool all players from both teams plus include all new candidates wanting to be part of the Black Watch experience.
		From that pool, the most advanced players will be chosen to play on the newly formed Falkirk team coached by Roland Moldovan and will play in the CDL league and premier level tournaments.
		The next level of creative and skilled players will be chosen to play on the Caledonians coached by Primo Recinos and will play in the USA league D2 and D1 level tournaments - two great alternatives for maximum player development with the opportunity to play the best competition.
	www.blackwatchsoccer.com /Caledonians.shtml (133 words)

	WHAT DID THE ROMAN EMPIRE DO FOR US? - [Sunday Herald] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		But the Caledonians’ fate would not be decided that day, as Calgacus had believed.
		He put noble words in Calgacus’s mouth to contrast the freedom-loving, uncorrupted Caledonians with the slavery of the south Britons, tainted by the vice, greed and arrogance of an autocratic empire, which Tacitus considered to have fallen after the golden age of the republic.
		There were others during the 18th century who celebrated the Caledonians as an early sign of Scotland’s capacity to endure under the weight of the new Rome: the British Empire.
	www.sundayherald.com /52234 (1510 words)

	FIFA.com The Official web site of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association
		Carrying on from their tactics against Fiji where they held the hosts to a demure 1-0 win, the New Caledonians used their physical advantage to unsettle the young Samoans who were unable to play their usual free flowing, open style.
		Having made several changes to their line-up from the team that faced New Zealand, the Samoans were disorganised at the start conceding an early goal to Patrick Wahopie, the first goal of the tournament for New Caledonia.
		The New Caledonians were able to capitalise during that period with two late goals, one in add on time to inflate the score line and provide more misery for the Samoans.
	fifa.com /en/comp/index/0,2442,48622,00.html?comp=WYC&year=2003&... (334 words)

	Telegraph \| Sport \| Unsettled McKenzie released from Caledonians contract
		MARK McKENZIE, the Scotland A outside-half, has been released from his contract with Glasgow Caledonians so that he can return to France for personal reasons.
		Caledonians' chief executive David Jordan said: "There has been no acrimony whatsoever over the parting of the ways.
		In his short career with the Glasgow team, the former Stirling County player turned out in 12 matches, scoring 129 points from three tries, 24 conversions, 20 penalty goals and two dropped goals.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /sport/main.jhtml?xml=/sport/2000/12/29/srscot30.xml (514 words)

	Billabong Boardgamers: 19980102
		In Scotland the Caledonians also bred, negotiating an early non-aggression pact with the Picts.
		The Welsh and Caledonians bred, the Picts licked their wounds and bred.
		This left the Picts fairly strong in Scotland, with their non-aggression pact with the Caledonians still holding at this point (I think).
	www.csse.monash.edu.au /~debbiep/billabong/19980102.html (1280 words)

	windymedia >> Gary MKKKHale (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		On April 24th of this year, what was billed as a peaceful rally of Caledonians quickly degenerated into an angry mob of 500 which proceeded to the barricades to confront the Natives.
		Footage of this was broadcast widely and was widely reported as “fed-up Caledonians venting their frustrations.” What did not get much media attention was that this mob scene was repeated on several occasions and for a long time was a weekly event that came to be known as the Friday night rallies.
		Here is a list of some of the crimes that were committed by Caledonians and other outsiders at those rallies: assault, assault with a weapon, assaulting police, obstructing police, damaging police vehicles, uttering threats, uttering racial insults, unlawful assembly, inciting violence, intimidation and harrassment.
	winnipeg.indymedia.org /item.php?3831S (2568 words)

	Caledonians - archive OneList -- The Imp Site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		I am restoring a Caledonian, and I am after a pair of wing-mirrors for one - they are unique to this particular edition.
		I thought all the 2000-or-so Caledonians were the same...
		Er, they are unique to the Imp Caledonian although I have also found out that they were fitted to the late model Chrysler Avengers.
	www.imps4ever.info /coollist/98nov/caledonians.html (180 words)

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