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Topic: Calendar Round

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Maya Long Count Calendar

Haab

Maya calendar

Mesoamerican calendars

Aztec calendar

Mahucatah

Egyptian chronology

Mayan civilization

3114 BC

2012

First Dynasty

First Intermediate Period

Statue

	Maya calendar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Although the Mesoamerican calendar did not originate with the Maya, their subsequent extensions and refinements to it were the most sophisticated.
		A different form of calendar was used to track longer periods of time, and for the inscription of calendar dates (i.e., identifying when one event occurred in relation to others).
		Since Calendar Round dates can only distinguish within 18980 days, equivalent to around 52 solar years, the cycle repeats roughly once each lifetime, and thus, a much more refined method of dating was needed if their history was to be recorded accurately.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Maya_calendar (3200 words)

	Encyclopedia: Mayan calendar
		The Maya calendar is a system of complex and highly developed calendars created by the Maya Civilization of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica.
		This series of calendars, includes a sacred 260-day calendar, called the Tzolkin or Tzolk'in, a 365-day calendar called the Haab, and a 52-Haab cycle called the Calendar Round, which synchronised the Tzolkin and Haab cycles.
		The Maya Long Count Calendar is a subset of the Maya calendar used by the Pre-Columbian Maya civilization.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Mayan-calendar (2170 words)

	Calendar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Mayan calendar has a starting sate of August 13th, 3114 BC which corresponds to their moment of the fourth creation, the one in which we currently live.
		The Mayan calendar is a fascinating combination of mapping the solar year and integrating it with their mathematics and their religious system.
		The calendar was originated by the Toltecs and was adopted and improved upon by the Maya.
	www.isourcecom.com /maya/themaya/calendar.htm (315 words)

	Maya Calendar
		Calendar conversion programs are quite useful because they do the tedious arithmetic required to find an exact correlation.
		The calendar round was the longest calendrical period recorded by the Aztecs and other Mesoamerican peoples outside the Maya zone.
		The long count and calendar round were the basic elements of the Maya calendar, used to date inscriptions and time rituals.
	members.shaw.ca /mjfinley/calnote.htm (3657 words)

	year-round school calendar home page
		The state has agreed to phase out the multitrack calendar as part of its settlement in the lawsuit, which named the year-round calendar among the education detriments disproportionately imposed on minority children.
		Evidence of the widespread failure and dissatisfaction with calendar reforms that shrink the school summer vacation is documented in an ever-expanding, state-by-state list of school districts that opted for a traditional calendar after trying or considering the year-round calendar.
		A calendar change proposal is often suddenly thrust upon a community during the most hectic times of the year for parents, such as around Labor Day, Thanksgiving, Christmas and Easter holidays, which makes it difficult to find time to react or to do research.
	www.summermatters.com (5119 words)

	Civilization.ca - Mystery of the Maya - Maya calendar
		The 260-day calendar was used to determine important activities related to the gods and humans.
		The secular calendar of 365 days had to do primarily with the seasons and agriculture, and was based on the solar cycle.
		One of the most important roles of the calendar was not to fix dates accurately in time, however, but to correlate the actions of Maya rulers to historic and mythological events.
	www.civilization.ca /civil/maya/mmc06eng.html (1277 words)

	Mayan Calendar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Mayan calendar round is based upon two important cycles: the 260 ritual cycle and the 365 day vague year.
		To complete the calendar round the date as given by the 260 day cycle is matched with the day given by the solar year, the Mayan Vague Year.
		This cycle is called the Calendar Round and is the calendar still in use by the people in the highlands of Mexico.
	www.hanksville.org /yucatan/mayacal.html (324 words)

	History & info - the Mayan calendar
		The pyramid was used as a calendar: four stairways, each with 91 steps and a platform at the top, making a total of 365, equivalent to the number of days in a calendar year.
		The Maya calendar was adopted by the other Mesoamerican nations, such as the Aztecs and the Toltec, which adopted the mechanics of the calendar unaltered but changed the names of the days of the week and the months.
		The Haab was the civil calendar of the Mayas.
	webexhibits.org /calendars/calendar-mayan.html (1295 words)

	Research Reviews
		It is surprising that this review has been used by advocates of changing the calendar because it is said in the discussion, that the data are not relevant to modifications in the summer calendar, [such as would be seen in going from a traditional to a year-round calendar].
		The year-round calendar was the constant across these schools, but the schools varied in many things, including teacher training, the sorts of remediation offered, and demographics.
		Sixty-five schools representing grades 3-8 on a year-round calendar were identified and then traditional-calendar years were identified based on the following matching criteria: located in the same local educational are, grade levels, parental education, percentage of students eligible for free/reduced lunch, number of students, and percent of white students.
	www.summermatters.com /reviews.htm (5192 words)

	XEmacs User's Manual - Reading Mail
		However, this calendar did not exist before the sixteenth century and was not widely used before the eighteenth century; it did not fully displace the Julian calendar and gain universal acceptance until the early twentieth century.
		The French Revolutionary calendar was created by the Jacobins after the 1789 revolution, to represent a more secular and nature-based view of the annual cycle, and to install a 10-day week in a rationalization measure similar to the metric system.
		One common question concerning the Hebrew calendar is the computation of the anniversary of a date of death, called a "yahrzeit." The Emacs calendar includes a facility for such calculations.
	www.cse.ohio-state.edu /~cmcurtin/XEmacs/xemacs/xemacs_31.html (8855 words)

	The Classic Maya Calendar and Day Numbering System
		The lunisolar calendar, in which the ritual month is based on the Moon and the agricultural year on the Sun, was used throughout the ancient Near East (except Egypt) and Greece from the third millennium BC.
		Early calendars used either thirteen lunar months of 28 days or twelve alternating lunar months of 29 and 30 days and haphazard means to reconcile the 354/364-day lunar year with the 365-day solar year.
		This amounts to (a) selection of an origin for the initial long count, (b) selection of the calendar round corresponding to that count, and (c) correlating a specific long-count date on the Maya calendar with the corresponding date on the Gregorian calendar.
	www.eecis.udel.edu /~mills/maya.html (1340 words)

	A New Look at Ancient Astronomy
		Essentially, the early Indians appear to have attributed some certain significance to the limits of a "calendar round"--where each round of the calendar was interpreted to be equivalent to a cycle of 52 years.
		Thus, it is possible to interpret that early Mesoamericans would have been capable of reckoning each "calendar round" of 52 years to within the average limits of 18992.62969 days.
		he calendar adhered to by early Mesoamericans is of additional interest in the regard that their week plan of 13 days appears to have been used to determine a long cycle of 364 days.
	www.creation-answers.com /cref.htm (5476 words)

	Lowcountry NOW: Local News - Parents, teachers debate year-round school calendar issue 11/14/03
		But in fairness, we know and we respect our parents enough that they should be able to hear the pros and cons and make the decision based on what is best for their child," she said.
		The year-round calendar has the same number of school days as the traditional calendar and is not, technically, "year-round." Students begin school in mid-July and have three-week breaks at the end of each nine-week grading period.
		She also disputed claims that a year-round school is more expensive than a traditional, and emphasized that the decision to review the calendar issue was that of the School Improvement Council, not the administration.
	www.lowcountrynow.com /stories/111403/LOCyearround.shtml (701 words)

	THE MAYA CALENDAR
		If a date was given as Thanksgiving Day, Thursday, November 23, 1997 in the Age of Aquarius, and during President Clinton's Presidency we would for the most part understand what was meant even though we might not know where the words "Thursday" and "November" came from.
		The CALENDAR ROUND is the 52 year cycle when there is a repeat of the 260 day Tzolk'n almanac and the 365 day haab or vague year (a real year is about 1/4 of a day longer).
		A calendar round date names the same day in two different calendars - the Tzolk'n and the Haab.
	www.angelfire.com /ca/humanorigins/calendarsystem.html (546 words)

	The Circle of the Mayan Calendar Round
		The Mayan Calendar Round is best understood as a circle of day-names that begins with the first day, 1 Imix 9 Pop, counts 18,980 days in a sequence, and then returns to its starting point on the first day.
		The objects of time (sun, moon, visible planets, stars) are still in the sky and are still moving at exactly the same rate that has counted their motion since the beginning of the existence of the solar system.
		The Mayan Calendar Round preserves every nuance of every day that has ever occurred in the time of (wo)man's existence and every person who has ever lived still exists in the space of the CR that defines his/her specific life.
	mayanastro.freeservers.com /mayan6.html (1212 words)

	Position Paper Against the Conversion of Carroll and Stough to a Year-Round Calendar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		As the WCPSS has recognized, year-round schools are more expensive to maintain and repair, simply because of the much higher wear and tear involved in a higher volume of students, and the lack of breaks in which to accomplish necessary maintenance and repair.
		For most, the calendar is the price they pay to get what they perceive to be the best school for their children.
		As new enrollment figures have not yet issued for the 2001-2002 Academic Year, and as the results of the Staff's proposed actual school-by-school survey are not yet available, in the interests of time and space, we have not included further discussion of that issue here.
	www.wakeedx.org /documents/CSYR_Position.html (1886 words)

	[No title]
		This staggering of calendars permits every seat in a school building to be used all year, and the building's capacity is increased and class size can be reduced by 25%.
		From the evidence available it appeared that, at far as academics is concerned, changing the calendar is about as effective as changing the color of the school busses.
		The fact that there was no evidence for academic gains resulting from a year-round calendar that might offset these disruptions was one of the deciding factors that convinced most parents in our community that this was a bad idea.
	www.auburn.edu /~enebasa/html/Newland_article.pp.html (1067 words)

	Year-Round Education
		For the purposes of this review, YRS were defined as schools that reorganize their calendar such that blocks of instruction and vacation are spread throughout the year.
		The primary difference between the two schedules is that single-track programs provide for the entire student body and staff to follow the same school calendar, whereas multi-track programs divide students and teachers into groups and assign each to one of several tracks with staggered instructional blocks and vacation periods.
		One study comparing the year-round to a traditional calendar found that the teachers who were most accepting and positive towards the year-round schedule had the most exposure to it, while staff on traditional calendars had the most negative attitudes about it (Shields, 1996).
	www.extension.umn.edu /distribution/familydevelopment/components/7286-09.html (3837 words)

	Calendar Round - Xoc Software (RVBA Conventions, Maya Calendar, et.al.) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Calendar Round is a 52 year period defined by combining the Tzolk'in with the Haab.
		Any day name in the Calendar Round, say 9 Etz'nab 16 Sak, is repeated every 52 years in the Maya Calendar.
		The Calendar Round was used by most Mesoamerican cultures at one time or another, including the Aztec, with different names for the days in the Tzolk'in and Haab.
	www.xoc.net /maya/help/calendarround.asp (91 words)

	Greenville School Calendar - 2005 - 2006 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Calendar Committee worked within the regulations of the State Department of Education and the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, and considered suggestions from parents, students, and employees.
		Their recommended calendar was then presented for consideration by the administration.
		The calendar includes 180 days for students and 190 days for teachers.
	www.greenville.k12.sc.us /district/calendar/index.asp (252 words)

	BCTF Research Reports > Year-Round Education: Is it Worth the Hassle? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		With the changes already announced, any major calendar shifts may negatively affect student learning, as the amount of change may be too great for teachers and district staff to manage effectively.
		Dual calendars appear inefficient, as the economies of scale realized with a single organizational system are lost.
		Teacher representatives from schools and districts where pilots were being considered were invited to share and discuss their views on the issue.The BCTF supplied papers and analysis on request to such groups.
	www.bctf.bc.ca /ResearchReports/96ei05 (2681 words)

	Submission of Year-Round Education Calendar and Related Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The YRE calendar is one where school is in operation during the greater part of ten months and up to twelve calendar months of the year.
		Alternative campuses that operate in excess of 180 school days per year and require all students enrolled in the alternative campus to attend school each day of operation that the students are enrolled should be identified for the purpose of this request as a YRE campus.
		School calendars that begin in early August and complete school in May, but do not have periodic intersessions scheduled as a part of the calendar.
	www.tea.state.tx.us /taa/field000929.html (536 words)

	Year (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Proponents of making a calendar change from the traditional nine month to a twelve month program argue that it can save money by eliminating the need for new building costs and increase student performance in academics.
		It is my contention that the decision to change the school calendar is not usually based on the belief that it will solve the problems our schools face but rather on financial considerations.
		The purpose of this paper is to address both the advantages and disadvantages associated with year-round school calendars in hopes of showing that a calendar change is not the solution to a failing academic program.
	crystal.uah.edu /~carter/papers/year.htm (2111 words)

	Prehispanic Calendars
		The correlation with the Gregorian calendar is due to Alfonso Caso.
		Finally, many other Mesoamerican cultures, notably the Olmecs who are credited with the invention of the Mesoamerican calendar, had adopted similar calendars as the Mayas and the Aztecs.
		Their calendar then presents 4 subdivisions of that period of 65 days (Cocijo) with smaller subdivisions of 13 days (Cocij) named according to the name of the first day.
	www.public.iastate.edu /~rjsalvad/scmfaq/calendar.html (442 words)

	Mayan Date Calculator
		This calculator will give a long count, calendar round, and night god for any date from1903 onwards.
		While dates beyond 2000 are now available, you might want to keep in mind that the Maya considered time to be arranged in cycles.
		Visit the Calendar Pages to learn more about what th dates mean and the other ways they could be written.
	www.halfmoon.org /date.html (137 words)

	Calendars.com - More than 6,500 2006 Calendars in Stock (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Keep your calendars in style with our wide selection of accessories, including wooden and wrought iron frames and hangers.
		The superb duotone reproductions and gracious design make this a wall calendar that is a welcomed gift or treasured keepsake as a monthly reminder of the work of this great American photographer.
		This calendar invites you to the beautiful blue water and wonderfully warm sunshine of tropical island paradises.
	www.calendars.com (614 words)

	Maya Calendar and Cosmology
		Secondly, one solution to the difficulties in reconstructing the adjustment mechanisms of the Maya Venus Calendar, is to simply identify the next time that a morningstar appearance of Venus corresponds with the traditional tzolkin date One Ahau, which was known as the Sacred Day of Venus.
		The truth is that an unbroken calendar tradition survives in the Highlands of Guatemala; this tzolkin count placement is the same one followed at the Classic Maya cities, and makes December 21, 2012 A.D. equivalent to 4 Ahau in the tzolkin calendar.
		The How and Why of the Mayan Calendar End-Date in 2012 A.D. This is the historic article, published in 1994, that first connected the end-date alignment with known concepts among the Maya.
	edj.net /mc2012/mayans.htm (1274 words)

	Calendar round - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Calendar round - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		This page was last modified 02:16, 4 Apr 2005.
		This encyclopedia, history, geography and biography article about Calendar round contains research on
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Calendar_Round (153 words)

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