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	Calgacus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Calgacus (sometimes Galgacus) was the leader of the Caledonian Confederacy who fought the Roman army of Gnaeus Julius Agricola at the Battle of Mons Graupius in northern Scotland in AD 83 or 84.
		Calgacus is not mentioned during or after the battle and he is not named as one of the hostages Agricola took with him after putting the Caledonians to flight.
		It is therefore unclear as to whether he was killed in combat or escaped to play a part in the uneasy peace of succeeding decades.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Calgacus (422 words)

	Scots For Independence : Calgacus
		There has been much dispute over the years as to the actual site of the battle, though it is generally believed now to have been on the lower slopes of Benachie, in Aberdeenshire.
		Calgacus, a local tribal leader, had united the tribes against the Romans, and the battle was described by Agricola's son-in-law, Tacitus.
		Some later commentators have claimed that Calgacus was captured, and once Agricola's term as Governor was over, returned with him to Rome to be paraded in triumph and then executed.
	www.angelfire.com /sc2/scotsforindependence/history/calgacus.html (658 words)

	Caledonia - Province of the Roman Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		This frontier was connected to the wall in the south by a series of roads, and supplied from the sea along the Tay estuary.
		Calgacus and his Pictish army of warriors, farmers, hunters and craftsmen kept an entire professional Roman army occupied for the greater part of a year, employing guerilla tactics and avoiding the superiority of the Romans in a massed battle.
		Calgacus was well aware of Roman tactics of taking the higher ground, so the Picts positioned themselves above the Romans first, placing their chariots in front of the main body of troops.
	www.unrv.com /provinces/caledonia.php (2701 words)

	Jeanne Lee Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Colin is all Calgacus has left of the woman he loves more than life and must protect him from the threat of Rome.
		Then, Calgacus takes Colin and journeys back to his homelands and Londinum only for their greatest threat to lay eyes on his son.
		Calgacus is the only leader who knows how to fight the Romans who are usurping their land and enslaving their people.
	www.jeanneleebooks.com /redfury.html (481 words)

	Dogpages forums > This Is An Enormous Boast
		Calgacus and I had given her a short demo during my last training at Tilley Farm.
		Calgacus says thanks for all your kind words and a huge thanks from me too.
		Calgacus came from a truly excellent breeder and he just adores her.
	www.dogpages.org.uk /forums/lofiversion/index.php/t89392.html (1486 words)

	Calgacus
		In fact much of the bitterness felt by Tacitus was due to Agricola's ill treatment at the hands of the Emperor Domitian and not so much an indictment of the Empire in general.
		I do not mean to say that there is a one for one ancient for modern parallel for each element of Calgacus' oration and the issues facing us in Appalachia and the United States, but similarities are such that I think a comparative examination is warranted.
		Calgacus by name, is said to have thus harangued the multitude gathered around him and clamoring for battle: --
	www.rednecromancer.typepad.com /Calgacus.html (2800 words)

	Tales From the Sleeping Dragon Inn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		As they walked Ian continued, "When a dragon is calm and at rest, Calgacus, its eyes resemble those of a cat, with a long vertical pupil.
		Think well on what you protect, Calgacus, for if you pass to the other side without sharing those secrets, they will die with you and be lost forever.
		Ian turned to Calgacus and said, Estrelda is companion to Lady Sarah, and Tuathal is companion to Lady Bronwyn.
	www.network54.com /Forum/235863/message/1130046165/At+Calgacus+remark, (607 words)

	Ulster-Scots history: The Picts and the Celts
		Agricola knew that Calgacus had united all the Celts in the lower section of the Highlands under his banner for the sole purpose of resisting the Roman advance and that this was the largest army he was likely to face in Scotland, so it was vital that he force Calgacus into open battle.
		Calgacus did not disappoint and threw his entire army at the Roman camp at the earliest opportunity.
		Calgacus did an amazing job in amassing such an army in the first place, considering the tradional distrust that different Celtic clans held for each other, but although he could bring them all to the battlefield as a unit he could not make them fight as one.
	www.ullans.com /history/ScottishCelts.shtml (673 words)

	Siol nan Gaidheal :: View topic - Calgacus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Calgacus speech is very stirring but it was probably invented by Tacitus who wanted a convenient mouthpiece for his criticism of the excesses of the regime of the emperor Domitian.
		Calgacus' speech conforms too closely to standards of Roman rhetoric - as if he had been educated as a Roman aristocrat would have been - which is of course not true of Calgacus but is true of Tacitus.
		If Tacitus had said what he attributes to Calgacus he would have been dragged off and killed - it was safer to suggest that some distant barbarian leader expressed that sentiment and was then subsequently beaten by Roman arms.
	www.siol-nan-gaidheal.com /phpBB2/viewtopic.php?p=11050 (2980 words)

	Calgacus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Calgacus' speech before the battle of Mons Graupius.
		Agricola) sent his fleet ahead to plunder at various points and thus spread uncertainty and terror, and, with an army marching light, which he had reinforced with the bravest of the Britons and those whose loyalty had been proved during a long peace, reached the Graupian Mountain, which he found occupied by the enemy.
		The Highlands were never conquered though and Calgacus' children continued to harry the Romans till they retreated behind Hadrian's famous wall.
	perso.chello.fr /users/b/bhooker/history/calgacus.htm (1438 words)

	Pictish Nation ® (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The above words by the Pictish chief Calgacus are recorded by the Roman enemy in the words of Tacitus and are a perfect example of the obscurity and legendary status held by the Picts almost 2,000 years ago.
		The earliest recorded evidence of man in Scotland is dated to 8,500 B.C. It is thus that a few thousand years before the birth of Christ, Neolithic men from Spain and France, makers of fire and herders of sheep and cattle had already made their way to Scotland.
		By the third century A.D. the Roman general Agricola slaughtered a Pictish army led by the quoted Calgacus, the Swordsman (as many of 10,000 Picts may have been killed and 340 Romans).
	members.tripod.com /~Halfmoon (2661 words)

	WHAT DID THE ROMAN EMPIRE DO FOR US? - [Sunday Herald]
		In the event, Calgacus and his brave warriors marched into a defeat at the hands of General Agricola, the Roman leader.
		But the Caledonians’ fate would not be decided that day, as Calgacus had believed.
		Calgacus – whose name means “swordsman” – is, after all, the first Scot in recorded history.
	www.sundayherald.com /52234 (1482 words)

	Swordsman Tours - Scottish Historical Tours - Historical Tours of Scotland Calgacus Mons Graupius Henry VIII Duke of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		CONTACT US Calgacus, "The Swordsman," King of Caledonia, the first recorded Scotsman in history....
		A resultant of the rousing speech given to his troops before the battle of Mons Graupius, in AD 84, which included the immortal words, "They make a wilderness and call it peace" in reference to The Roman invasion....
		Both the brainchild of and conducted by Blair Kerr, MA(Hons)Hist, Swordsman Tours aim to attract those interested in seeing past 'Braveheart' and romanticised portrayals of these turbulent periods of Scottish History, by offering a trio of Historical Tours that will not only educate and inspire, but give an insight into what REALLY happened and why.
	www.swordsmantours.com (163 words)

	Agricola - Mons Graupius - Calgacus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		More than 30,000 armed men were now to be seen, and still there were pressing in all the youth of the country, with all whose old age was yet hale and vigorous, men renowned in war and bearing each decorations of his own."
		The British alliance was led by Calgacus, said by Tacitus to be "superior to the rest in valour and in birth".
		Calgacus purportedly addressed the assembled Britons, and Tacitus attributes a long rallying speech to him.
	www.stephen.j.murray.btinternet.co.uk /anglesey.htm (4152 words)

	Bonny Prince Calgacus
		Culloden sounds like it might be a bit of wishful thinking on the part of someone, but then again it wouldn’t be odd for the best places for combat in Scotland to be used more than once.
		There were plenty of prisoners taken and the battle turned into an utter rout with the defeated Caledonians scattering into the woods.
		Small wonder if Calgacus was never heard from again.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Post/120690 (394 words)

	Roman Archaeology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		roared Calgacus, leader of the Caledonians, at the men gathered before him.
		fate would not be decided that day, as Calgacus had believed.
		Enduring as their ghostly outlines are, however, these were not permanent garrisons and attempts to build such had to be aborted.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~mharrsch/2005_10_01_romanarch_archive.html (2837 words)

	Calgacus' Medieval Quiz - Civilization Fanatics' Forums
		He had travelled extensively across N Africa, the Mid-east and I think all the way to the Far East...
		At the very end of the middle ages, a small town called Jachimov in Bohemia became involved in the beginning of a long etymological story intimately connected with the modern US and global economy.
		There was made a heavy silver coin named Thaler which became the most common coin in Germany.
	forums.civfanatics.com /showthread.php?t=102790 (1253 words)

	Speech of Calgacus before the battle of Mons Graupius - RANT Magazine BBS
		Speech of Calgacus before the battle of Mons Graupius - RANT Magazine BBS
		Whenever I consider the causes of war and the necessity forced upon us, I have great confidence that this day and the consensus among you will be the beginning of liberty for all of Britain.
		RANT, RANT.com, RANT Magazine as well as the RANT logo are trademarks of RANT, LLC Copyright © 1995 - 2002, All Rights Reserved.
	www.rant.com /bbs/ubb/Forum6/HTML/000343.html (648 words)

	Calgacus's Quiz On "Celtic" History - Civilization Fanatics' Forums
		I also encourage other knowledgeable posters (like Vrylakas and Calgacus etc) to put up similar themed (like Eastern European and Scottish/Celtic etc) quizzes.
		As Calgacus probably knows these sorts of things are right up my alley.
		Last edited by calgacus : May 30, 2003 at 03:39 PM.
	forums.civfanatics.com /showthread.php?t=54573 (1155 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - Grand Culture Mod (Thread 2: Continuation of Finellach's)
		Last edited by Calgacus : 03-04-2006 at 12:16.
		Last edited by Calgacus : 07-09-2005 at 03:52.
		If the map only stands for the 1066 setup, then let me be the first one to propose a change, which deals with the dutch culture, of course
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?t=205248&page=2 (3135 words)

	Scotsman.com Heritage & Culture - Speech by Calgacus before the Battle of Mons Graupius
		Scotsman.com Heritage and Culture - Speech by Calgacus before the Battle of Mons Graupius
		WHENEVER I consider the origin of this war and the necessities of our position, I have a sure confidence that this day, and this union of yours, will be the beginning of freedom to the whole of Britain.
		Sign up for a free Heritage and Culture email newsletter.
	heritage.scotsman.com /index.cfm?id=40662005 (1073 words)

	The Incomparable Hannibal, Phoenician Punic Hero -- A Personal View
		While studying history, I learned of Britain's other exponents of the art of war, men such as Wellington, Nelson, Cromwell, King Henry V, King Alfred the Great and of course the renowned King Arthur, whose true identity lies perhaps forever hidden by the mists of time.
		My study of Latin, Greek and Ancient History led me to Rome and to the terrible foes faced over the centuries by the Romans, men such as Attila the Hun, Mithridates, Pyrrhus, Spartacus, the Caledonian King Calgacus and of course the Warrior Queen Boadicea.
		I read of numerous Gallic, Germanic and Eastern warriors who had inflicted crushing defeats on the Romans, while I also read of the Greeks, the Persians and the mighty Alexander.
	www.phoenicia.org /hannibal.html (5857 words)

	CampusProgress.org \| Asheesh Siddique's Blog: Calgacus: "Newsweek" Was Right (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		By siddique - May 18th, 2005 at 11:40 am EDT
		Calgacus does a fantastic, fantastic job today at The Daily Outrage of documenting how desecrating the Koran became standard US interrogation procedure.
		Update, 2:50 PM: Via TPM, Anne Applebaum nails it on Newsweek this morning in the WP.
	www.campusprogress.org /page/community/post/siddique/Bvh (578 words)

	Quotes
		To plunder, to slaughter, to steal, these things they misname empire; and where they make a desert, they call it peace.
		About the quote: This quote is attributed to Calgacus in the Roman historian Tacitus' "Agricola."
		War should be the politics of last resort.
	antiwar.com /quotes.php (10250 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - A speaker of the Welsh language, please.
		Nevertheless it retained the Celtic count it had obtained in the 11th century (hence they were using Celtic/Gaelic names until 1368).
		Last edited by Calgacus : 17-03-2005 at 03:26.
		As other posters have said, you wouldn't use 'of' in the title of a ruler.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?t=189110&page=2 (3819 words)

	Language Quotes
		But our generation did not invent such weasel words.
		Accord to Tacitus, the British chieftain Calgacus accused the Romans of inventing the last one: "Ubi solitudinem faciunt, pacem appellant"; they make a desolation, and call it pacification.
		Calgacus was not fooled; and nor are we, yet.
	f2.org /humour/quotes/lang (9064 words)

	Apolyton Civilization Forums > Miscellaneous > Archive > Civ3-Civilizations > Civ City List Database (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		the Slavs (outside former USSR) - by Calgacus
		Last edited by Calgacus II on 20-03-2003 at 03:55
		Ribannah, can you comment on your list, i.e.
	apolyton.net /forums/showthread.php?postid=1838958 (350 words)

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