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	TIME Magazine Archive Article -- Indian Califate? -- Mar. 17, 1924 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Mahammad Ali, Indian leader, said last week that the Califate is the essence of Islam and will not be abandoned by Indians.
		Mahatma Gandhi has often expressed the opinion that the future of Islam is in India.
		If they attempt to create an Indian Califate, anarchy is almost sure to follow.
	www.time.com /time/archive/printout/0,23657,717949,00.html (129 words)

	Lecture 5B (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		A Califate is the kingdom of a Calif, a Calif from Califa.
		The idea of the Calif was pure, but it worked only for the first four Califs, and after that we have dynasties where the kings choose their relatives to follow them.
		Despite the Calif's very weak personality, the twelve years of Hutman's Califate witnessed the development and the continuation of the expansionist policies of Islamism which was begun during Omar decade.
	www.ralph-abraham.org /courses/math181/math181.S94/lectures/ev5b.html (5897 words)

	.:: World Conference of Islamic Scholars :: Islam In The Era Of Globalisation ::. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Over the centuries, the califate, of course, declined, but even the symbolic existence of a figurehead helped the Muslims to feel united and safe guarded the empire from falling apart.
		It is up to the political wise leaders of the Umma to utilize the common cultural elements in bridging political differences and moulding a common united approach to world challenges for the prosperity of all.
		As it seems unlikely that the Califate model will be restored in the near future, at least, we need to immitate European model of uniting independent even secular states drawing on the resource of cultural unity, but working gradually towards political and economic unity.
	www.bernama.com /events/ulama/rpp.shtml?pp/pe2002_abdrahim (1921 words)

	[No title]
		Infidels all around the world will see that Allah is the strongest and a state build to honor him is the most magnificent sight on earth."/ In 2050 Califate of Western-Europe controls modern France, Spain (Excluding Basque Country) and Gibraltar.
		Califate is also a site of luxury goods manufacture, jewelry etc. Wine production is not prohibited in the country and it is controlled by the jewish population of Califate.
		Resources: Califates mineral resources consist mainly of different kinds of metals, mainly silver, zink, iron and also extensive amounts of uranium.
	www.wanderer.org /world/earth/califate (1147 words)

	History of the Jews in Tunisia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 788, when Imam Idris proclaimed Mauritania's independence of the califate of Bagdad, the Tunisian Jews joined his army under the leadership of their chief, Benjamin ben Joshaphat ben Abiezer.
		They soon withdrew, however; primarily, because they were loath to fight against their coreligionists of other parts of Mauritania, who remained faithful to the califate of Bagdad; and secondarily, because of some indignities committed by Idris against Jewesses.
		The victorious Idris avenged this defection by attacking the Jews in their cities.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Tunisia (2088 words)

	Mohammed & Mohammedanism by S.W. Koelle
		the Calif could venture to divide the bulk of his military forces into smaller armies, and, placing them under efficient commanders, send them forth in every direction, wherever they were most needed at the moment.
		This opening prospect of abundant plunder was, at the same time, also the best means for keeping together in one commonwealth the multitude of reluctant and inwardly disunited Arab tribes, by beckoning them to a common goal of self-interest, possessing irresistible attraction to the marauding instincts of the whole nation.
		What wonder, then, that already in the second year of Abu Bekr's Califate, we find the hungry and fanatical hosts of Arab warriors leaping the northern boundaries of their Peninsula and casting themselves, almost simultaneously, on the already much-weakened empires of Rome and Persia.
	www.muhammadanism.org /Koelle/mohammedanism/p240.htm (296 words)

	TCS: Tech Central Station - An Emerging Threat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Hizb's proclaimed goal is jihad against America and the overthrow of existing political regimes and their replacement with a Califate (Khilafah in Arabic), a theocratic dictatorship based on the Shari'a (religious Islamic law).
		The model for Hizb is the "righteous" Califate, an Islamic state that existed in the 7th and 8th centuries under the Prophet Muhammad and his first four successors, known as the "righteous Califs."
		When a critical mass of cells is achieved, according to its doctrine, Hizb may move to take over a country in preparation for the establishment of the Califate.
	www.techcentralstation.com /062703A.html (1160 words)

	Committee on International Relations, U.S. House of Representatives
		Its proclaimed goal is Jihad against America and the overthrow of existing political regimes and their replacement with a Califate (Khilafah in Arabic), a theocratic dictatorship based on the Shari’a (religious Islamic law).
		Sheikh Taqiuddin an-Nabhani al Falastini, the founder of Hizb, has written that every Muslim should strive to establish a Califate, and that this religious imperative (fard) upon the Muslim nation (Ummah) is so strong, that Mohammad’s close allies delayed burying his body until a new Calif was appointed and the Califate established.
		The Calif would be appointed by acclamation by “prominent men,” with male voters casting a vote of approval.
	www.globalsecurity.org /security/library/congress/2003_h/cohe1029.htm (3093 words)

	Mohammed & Mohammedanism by S.W. Koelle
		Kais, I did not wish to become Sultan and thou be alive.' Kais replied, 'Nor did I wish to be alive and thou bear rule.' Those present prevented an open rupture, till the heat had cooled down on both sides.
		Hasan being supposed to be wanting in eloquence, Moawia requested him to mount the pulpit and give an address, in the hope that thus his unfitness for the Califate might be made obvious to the public.
		There is an account that one of the conditions of peace was this, that after Moawia's death, the appointment of a Calif should be dependent on Hasan's consent.
	www.muhammadanism.org /Koelle/mohammedanism/p518.htm (601 words)

	Under a spell
		Being the middle of winter there was only one chalet open in the park (there was a hotel, too, but its rates ensure that only millionaires step beyond its front door) and there were only three people staying in the chalet - myself and two young and foolhardy Americans, Andy and Debra from Chicago.
		The journey from Califate is about 80 kilometres, much of which is on pretty ordinary dirt road.
		I then flew further south to Rio Gallegos and drove across to Califate, El Chatain and Perito Moreno where the huge glacial lakes (Lago Argentina and Lago Viedma) were edged with pink from the dense flocks of flamingos; condors flew high in the Andes and even the occasional armadillo scurried across the roads.
	www.theage.com.au /travel/0111/17/travel1.html (2081 words)

	Committee on International Relations, U.S. House of Representatives
		The model for Hizb is the “righteous” Califate, a militaristic Islamic state that existed in the 7th and 8th centuries under the Prophet Muhammad and his first four successors, known as the “righteous Califs.”
		The Califate would be led by a Calif, a supreme, pious leader who would combine religious and political power.
		A Calif, an-Nabhani believes, is a substitute for Prophet Mohammad as both political and religious leader.
	wwwc.house.gov /international_relations/108/cohe1029.htm (12552 words)

	Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		In the 5th century CE the Visigoths, a romanized germanic tribe, conquered all of Hispania and established a relatively stable kingdom lasting until 711, when it fell to an invasion by Islamic North African Moors and became part of the expanding Umayyad empire, under the name of Al-Andalus.
		When the Umayyad empire gave way to the Abbaside empire, an Umayyad exile established the Califate of Cordoba, effectively making Al-Andalus independent from the empire.
		Modern Spain began to take form during the Reconquista, the struggle among the Christian kingdoms that the moors left unconquered in northern peninsula and the kingdoms into which Al-Andalus had split.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/s/sp/spain.html (2953 words)

	Rajastany History
		The Brahman Samudra Gupta is said to have burned the magnificent city of Ujjain in 388 AD [EB Scyth].
		Rajastan prospered immensely under Califal rule; inter-state wars ended, free trade with other parts of the world could develop during the long era of Pax Indo-Islamca.
		Rajastani mining contributed greatly to unseen wealth and prosperity.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Ithaca/1335/Hist/rajy_hs.html (586 words)

	Raymund Lull, First Missionary to the Moslems [Table of Contents]
		The same century that saw the fall of Acre also witnessed the fall of Bagdad and the extinction of the califate.
		The califate of Bagdad fell forever before the furious onslaught of Hulaku Khan The Seljuk empire soon advanced its Moslem rule into the mountain ranges of Anatolia, and Turks were disputing with Mongols the sovereignty of the "roof of the world."
		The beneficial effects of the Crusades were already being felt in the breaking up of those two colossal fabrics of the Middle Ages, the Church and the Empire, which ruled both as ideas and as realities.
	answering-islam.org /Books/Zwemer/Lull/chap1.htm (2362 words)

	My Travel Pictures :: Calafate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Camilla and me at our Xmas meal in a youth hostel at Califate.
		Camilla and Sam at our Xmas meal in a youth hostel at Califate.
		Scenery on route to Moreno glacier near Califate.
	www.petergrove.co.uk /gallery/album23 (106 words)

	Emerging Global Menace? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Analysts note the increasingly militant rhetoric, participation of Hizb fighters in the coups in the Arab world and on the side of the Taliban in Afghanistan, and explosives and weapons found when Hizb members are arrested.
		The model for Hizb is the "righteous" Califate, an Islamic state that existed in the seventh and eighth centuries under the Prophet Mohammed and his first four successors, known as the "righteous Califs."
		When a critical mass of cells is achieved, according to its doctrine, Hizb may move to take over a country to establish the Califate.
	www.heritage.org /Press/Commentary/ed071503b.cfm (1064 words)

	Know your history: The Crusades - Stormfront White Nationalist Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		The Crusaders were frantic when the Mongols destroyed the Abbasid Califate Sunni Capitol Bagdad in 1258.
		(The Califate of Sunni Islam was restored in 1267 with Cairo as seat by the Sultan Baybars of Egypte and Syria, a large blue-eyed man from South Russia or the Ukraine, who chose very un-islamic the Lion as his personal symbol.)
		As is generally known, various diplomatic contacts were made between the Mongol Khans and the Pope and Kings of Europe in a projected common grand war against Islam.
	www.stormfront.org /forum/showthread.php?p=1902273#post1902273 (1805 words)

	Necronomicon 2003 - Events
		The last Almoravid Calif is besieged in Marrakesh by the superior forces of a new, radical sect of Islam, known as the Almohads.
		His last loyal governor is desperately trying to prevent any further breaking up of the Califate as once loyal commanders, Qadis and secular leaders all scrabble feverishly for the wretched spoils of civil war.
		Beautiful Al-Andalus, jewel in the crown of Dar-El-Islam, is faced with the gravest peril in its four hundred year history.
	www.necronomicon.org /past/necro2003/event.php?game=44 (459 words)

	Origin and History of Karaims
		As a result of this expedition, the Khazarian principal town Samandar was ruined and devastated, and this determined the transposition of the Khazarian political center northwards, to the Volga estuary, where the new capital of Khazaria, Itil, was built.
		The last Khazarian incursion into the Northern borders of the califate territory was in 799, under Harun ar-Rashid's califate.
		From this time on there reigns a relative equilibrium of forces, which can be explained as a result of "exhaustion", of the termination of the period of conquests by both parties concerned, i.e.
	www.turkiye.net /sota/karhist.htm (3897 words)

	The Haqqanisation Of Iran - From Islamic Republic To Califate - Global Affairs Forum, Politics, Law, Science, Health
		The Haqqanisation Of Iran - From Islamic Republic To Califate - Global Affairs Forum, Politics, Law, Science, Health
		The Haqqanisation Of Iran - From Islamic Republic To Califate
		Ultimately it opposes the current republican state and constitution of Iran and aims at the creation of the Islamic Califate.
	www.globalaffairs.org /forum/showthread.php?p=356083#post356083 (529 words)

	Spain Article, Spain Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		In the 5th century CE the Visigoths, aromanized germanic tribe, conquered all of Hispania and established a relatively stable kingdom lasting until 711, when it fell to an invasion by Islamic North African Moors and became part of the expanding Umayyad empire, under the name of Al-Andalus.
		When the Umayyad empire gave way to the Abbaside empire, an Umayyad exile established the Califate of Cordoba,effectively making Al-Andalus independent from the empire.
		Modern Spain began to take form during the Reconquista, the struggle amongthe Christian kingdoms that the moors left unconquered in northern peninsula and the kingdoms into which Al-Andalus had split.
	www.anoca.org /spanish/basque/spain.html (3126 words)

	Bariloche and Iguassu Falls - Argentina Travel Advice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		We'd really like the other excursion to be to El Califate and the Moreno Glacier but are worried that the weather in November would be too cold, rainy and such to be enjoyable.
		My husband(Argentinian) and I and (two teenagers 16 and 18) are planning a trip to Buenos Aires and want to travel to El Califate area.
		We will be in B.A. December 22nd in the early morning and would like to travel until the 28th returning to B.A. to be with family and friends.
	www.travelsur.net /forum/messages/2/102.html (3261 words)

	TCS: Tech Central Station - Terror in Tashkent: The Islamist Threat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Hizb foments anti-government unrest, advocates the overthrow of secular regimes throughout the Moslem world, and fights for creation of a Califate, a military theocracy whose purpose is to wage a total war on the "land of the sword" -- the non-Moslem world.
		On the one hand, after September 11, 2001, it has committed to preserve security of a secular Islamic country which greatly assisted the
		U.S. influence in the region, will leave human rights and individual freedoms worse off than they are now.
	www.techcentralstation.com /080304C.html (796 words)

	Ancient Times - FROM CHLODWIG till KONRAD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Incidentally, Logicon, I recently saw on "Histoire", one of the French cable TV history channels, a Franco-German programme set "In the time of Charlemagne".
		The Byzantine empire could count on the Greek language as unifier but although Greek had been widely spread around the Near East for several centuries, at least since Alexander's conquests, that was not sufficient to prevent a large part of the empire from seceding and going over to the Arab conquerors in the 7th century.
		The Muslim califate may have federated Arabic speakers, hence the flourishing of Arabic culture and literature at this time, but the submission of the peoples of Persian culture was tricky as well.
	www.ancienttimes.net /cgi-ancienttimes/ikonboard/topic.cgi?forum=50&topic=3 (2655 words)

	TrekEarth \| Gaucho Photo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		By the way, Are you sure the name place is Califate and not El Calafate?
		I've been in the Santa Cruz province (see some of my pictures) and I don't know of any town call Califate but I know one call El Calafate (near the Lago Argentino).
		The town was given the name of Calafate because of the bushes that grows everywhere in the Patagonian steppe.
	www.trekearth.com /gallery/South_America/photo23833.htm (164 words)

	Mu'tazila (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Political situation at the time the Mu'tazila school developed and made its impact is important for the overview.
		The Golden Age of Muslim learning belongs to the times of the Abbasid Califate, special boost of intellectual activity - to the rule of Harun ar-Rashid (786 - 809), the time of relative prosperity and peace in the empire.
		Muslims have been rulers for a couple of centuries and many administrative, economic, religious and cultural matters, troublesome in the early periods, were established by then.
	members.tripod.com /SuzyAshraf/htm/tazilites.htm (5746 words)

	SOHH.com Global Forum - Toronto Hip Hop --- anyone feelin it here? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		I am talkin about Point Blank,, Nem-s-iss, Empire, J-Staxxx, Aristo, mezziah, Califate, Adversaree, Daetona, Citizen Kane, Infinite and Chuggo.....
		Also here u can find Califate on this site.
		The man tore up Jin in a freestyle battle when he was here in TO.
	forums.sohh.com /printthread.php?t=517061 (522 words)

	Argentina Forum - 5.94.104
		My wife and I are travelling to Buenois Aires from South Africa on the 2 March 2005.
		Soon after the 4 March 2005, we would like to embark on a trip to El Califate (for 1 day to view the Perito Glacier) and to Bariloche (for 2 days).
		From Barloche we would like to travel across the Andes and lakes to Puerto Montt in Chile and back to Bariloche (then fly back to Buenos Aires), or possibly fly from Puerto Montt (or Santiago) back to Buenos Aires?
	www.travelsur.net /cgi-bin/discus/board-profile.cgi?action=rate&topic=5&page=94&post=104 (157 words)

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