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Topic: California Central Valley grasslands

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	Ecology of California - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		California's high mountains block most moisture from reaching the eastern parts of the state, which are home to California's desert and xeric shrub ecoregions.
		California's Central Valley was once a large temperate grassland, the California Central Valley grasslands ecoregion, which was formerly home to great herds of grazing pronghorn and Wapiti; some writers have referred to it as "America's Serengeti".
		The mountains of northern California have a cooler and wetter climate, and are home to temperate coniferous forests, including the Sierra Nevada forests, Northern California coastal forests, Klamath-Siskiyou forests, and Central and Southern Cascades forests.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ecology_of_California (407 words)

	Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands is a group of biomes in which the climate is temperate to semi-arid.
		Grasslands are characterized by grasses and other erect herbs, usually without trees or shrubs.
		Temperate grasslands occur in the dry temperate interiors of continents.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Temperate_grasslands,_savannas,_and_shrublands (262 words)

	California Central Valley -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The California Central Valley is a large, flat valley that dominates the central portion of the state of (A state in the western United States on the Pacific; the 3rd largest state; known for earthquakes) California.
		The Central Valley has become famous around the world as the home of California's giant agriculture industry; the fertile soil is also thought to have originated from the days when the valley was a sea floor.
		The San Joaquin Valley now has the worst air quality in California (and the highest (Respiratory disorder characterized by wheezing; usually of allergic origin) asthma rates), and its cities are subject to the most stringent anti-pollution measures in the state.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ca/california_central_valley.htm (508 words)

	California at opensource encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		California was the place where Sir Francis Drake, the English Privateer, in Elizabethan times audaciously claimed all the lands north of the Spanish Kingdoms of New Spain and New Mexico for the English Crown as Nova Albion.
		Down the center of the state lies the Central Valley, a huge, fertile valley bounded by the coastal mountain ranges in the west, the Sierra Nevada to the east, the Cascade Range in the north and the Tehachapi Mountains in the south.
		California is famous for its earthquakes due partly to the presence of the San Andreas Fault.
	wiki.tatet.com /California.html (2725 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- California Central Valley grasslands (NA0801)
		Nearctic > Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands >
		The valley runs NW to SE for 430 miles in central California, paralleling the Sierra Nevada Range to the east and the coastal ranges to the west (averaging 75 miles apart), and stopping abruptly at the Tehachapi Range in the south.
		The valley is ringed by oak woodlands and chaparral of the California Interior Chaparral and Woodland ecoregion [NA1202].
	www.worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/na/na0801_full.html (1875 words)

	Valley Habitats: Number Ten (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Because the wetlands of California's Central Valley probably are noted more fortheir wintering waterfowl, mammals typically have been overlooked as an elementof these wetland ecosystems.
		In 1933, the remainingYosemite population of 26 animals was relocated to the Owens Valley.
		Valley Habitats is published as part of Ducks Unlimited's VALLEY CARE Programto provide information to private land managers who wish to integrate wildlifemanagement into their existing operations.
	ceres.ca.gov /ceres/calweb/DU/Valley_Habitats10.html (2200 words)

	terrestrial habitat trends, central valley, California
		Central Valley to 9,000 feet, and Central Coast from sea level to 5,000 feet where soil types allow the formation of a tree layer dominated by oaks.
		Central Valley and Central Coast areas from 3,000 to 10,000 feet generally on north facing slopes where soil type and hydrology allow for the presence of woody, often hard-leaved shrubs.
		Central Valley and Central Coast areas from sea level to 8,000 feet associated with water sources and containing various tree and shrub species.
	www.fws.gov /sacramento/hc/terrestrial_trends.htm (635 words)

	January 2004 Central Valley Black-necked Stilt and American Avocet Study - Placer County, California (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The ratio of stilts to avocets was 5.8:1 in the Sacramento Valley versus 1.1:1 in the San Joaquin Valley.
		Knowledge of shorebird use in the Central Valley was recently greatly expanded by broadscale surveys that provide an overview of the abundance, geographic distribution, and habitat use of migrating and wintering shorebirds and that document the continent-wide importance of this region to shorebirds at these seasons (Shuford et al.
		2003) encompasses the Central Valley and coastal California.
	www.placer.ca.gov /planning/legacy/1-04-stilt-avocet-2003-study.htm (7525 words)

	Central Valley Grassland and the Carrizo Plains
		Since it hasn't been destroyed, but most of the Great Central Valley has, it is the best example of what the Central Valley uplands probably used to be like.
		Their union with the valley is by curves and slopes of inimitable beauty.
		The valley of the San Joaquin is the floweriest piece of world I ever walked, one vast, level, even flower-bed, a sheet of flowers, a smooth sea, ruffled a little in the middle by the tree fringing of the river and of smaller cross-streams here and there, from the mountains.
	www.ecomafia.com /carrizo.html (948 words)

	California Rivers Report, Central Valley Basin: The Trust for Public Land
		The vast Central Valley drains nearly two-thirds of California and is dominated by the state's largest rivers, the Sacramento and San Joaquin.
		The vast and impressive engineering of California's water infrastructure- built to serve agriculture and urban areas- has severely impacted the overall health of these river systems by reducing and altering flows, blocking passage of fish, restricting geomorphic processes by disconnecting rivers from their floodplains, and dewatering wetlands.
		TPL's efforts to preserve and restore Central Valley rivers and their tributaries are far-reaching and diverse, encompassing a range of projects that provide habitat for endangered species, restoration of wetlands, and recreational opportunities along river parkways.
	tpl.org /tier3_cdl.cfm?content_item_id=9460&folder_id=1685 (2812 words)

	A Geographer Looks at the San Joaquin Valley (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		And the color, variety and magic of the valley towns themselves (at least some of them), islands of leafy green in the summer, glued to the railroad tracks that were once their lifeblood, the original plat distinguishable from the newer sections with their streets conventionally oriented to the N-S and E-W of the survey system.
		California has recently set record corn yields per acre with the development of hybrids tolerant of the relatively cool summer nights that are characteristic of the valley.
		The valley, of course, is not all agriculture.
	geography.berkeley.edu /ProjectsResources/Publications/Parsons_SauerLect.html (9411 words)

	TEMPLATE
		Protection is provided to 58% (112,241 acres) of the Grasslands by virtue of federal and state ownership and by private lands with perpetual conservation easements.
		The development of an environmental education center in the Grasslands by the Grassland Resource Conservation District will include in its curriculum for K-6 students the recognition of the importance of the Grasslands for shorebirds, waterfowl, and other wetland dependent species.
		The Grasslands is threatened with the loss of habitat quantity and quality by urban encroachment, conversion to intensive agriculture and industry, water pollution, high operation and maintenance costs, and threats to eliminate waterfowl hunting.
	www.manomet.org /WHSRN/sites/Grasslands.htm (844 words)

	California Central Valley (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The California Central Valley is a large, flat valley that dominates the central portion of the state of California.
		Bounded by the Cascade Range to the north, the Sierra Nevada to the east, the Tehachapi Mountains to the south, and the Coast Range and San Francisco Bay to the west, this valley is a vast agricultural region drained by the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers.
		The San Joaquin Valley now has the worst air quality in California (and the highest asthma rates), and its cities are subject to the most stringent anti-pollution measures in the state.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/C/California-Central-Valley.htm (685 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Determination of Endangered Status for ...
		Pseudobahia bahiifolia and Pseudobahia peirsonii are restricted to specific habitats in nonnative valley grassland and occasionally the grassland-woodland ecotone of the San Joaquin Valley and neighboring foothills.
		In a study funded by California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG), the success of 40 projects attempting to transplant, relocate, or reintroduce endangered or threatened plant species in California, was evaluated; only 20 percent of the projects were deemed fully successful (Fiedler 1991).
		California law requires a ten day notice be given before taking of plants on private land.
	www.epa.gov /docs/fedrgstr/EPA-SPECIES/1997/February/Day-06/e2875.htm (8818 words)

	CENTRAL VALLEY PROJECT, CALIFORNIA: Summary from Federal Wildlife Laws Handbook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This statute reauthorizes the Central Valley project, a series of dams, reservoirs and canals in the San Joaquin Valley of California, and provides for water supply and water works construction for waterfowl management purposes.
		The 1954 Act reauthorized the Central Valley project in California, previously authorized in legislation passed in 1937, 1940, 1949 and 1950.
		The Secretary of the Interior may contract to provide public agencies and organizations with water from the Central Valley project for use within their boundaries for waterfowl purposes in the grasslands area of the San Joaquin Valley.
	ipl.unm.edu /cwl/fedbook/cvp.html (270 words)

	CVBDB Short-eared Owl
		They are usually found in open areas with few trees such as annual and perennial grasslands, prairies, meadows, dunes, irrigated lands, and saline and fresh emergent marshes.
		The short-eared owl is a widespread winter migrant that is found primarily in the Central Valley and the western Sierra Nevada foothills.
		California voles, Microtus californicus, are the preferred prey species for the short-eared owl in the Central Valley grasslands.
	www.delta.dfg.ca.gov /gallery/shearowl.asp (421 words)

	About the San Joaquin Valley Bioregion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The San Joaquin Valley Bioregion in the heart of California is the state's top agricultural producing region, sometimes called “the nation's salad bowl” for the great array of fruits and vegetables grown in its fertile soil.
		The San Joaquin Valley is California's leading agricultural producing bioregion, and five of its counties -- Fresno, Kern, Tulare, Merced, and Stanislaus-- rank among the state's top 10 counties in farm production value.
		The broad, flat valley is ringed by the Diablo and Coast Ranges on the west and the Sierra Nevada foothills on the east.
	ceres.ca.gov /geo_area/bioregions/San_Joaquin_Valley/about.html (757 words)

	Ducks Unlimited: Valley Care
		Ducks Unlimited's Valley CARE brings conservation and private landowners together to develop land management practices that benefit both the landowner and the diversity of wildlife.
		Another primary focus of Valley CARE is research that assists in finding solutions to agronomic dilemmas in a fashion that also creates seasonal habitat for wildlife.
		Four Sacramento Valley counties - each critical to the success of migratory waterfowl - are being mapped by the GIS staff.
	www.ducks.org /conservation/valleycare.asp (1515 words)

	INDIANS of CALIFORNIA - Central Region - Overview
		Abundant oaks supplied acorns and hardwood, vast grasslands and chaparral yielded hard seeds, deer, antelope, rabbits and birds, while prodigious amounts of fish were taken from the streams, rivers, and lakes.
		A headperson lived in the tribelet's central village, was the head of a prominent and wealthy family, and whose decisions affected matters of resource allocation; interpersonal and intervillage disputes; and sometimes ceremonial or religious activities.
		In the Sacramento Valley and adjacent foothills the Kuksu religion was predominant while in the southern San Joaquin Valley the Toloache and Dream Helper religious systems were prominant.
	www.cabrillo.edu /~crsmith/anth6_central.html (711 words)

	Distribution and Movements of Female Northern Pintails Radiotagged in San Joaquin Valley, California (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The decline of wintering pintails in California’s Central Valley was greater in the southern (San Joaquin Valley) than in the northern (Sacramento Valley) part of the Central Valley.
		Of the pintails that wintered in Central California, 83 percent flew from the San Joaquin Valley north to the Sacramento Valley and other Central California areas during September—January, mostly during December.
		San Joaquin Valley pintails went to other Central California areas earlier and south in greater numbers when habitat conditions in the San Joaquin Valley were poor.
	www.werc.usgs.gov /pubbriefs/fleskespbapr2002.html (523 words)

	Kayaking (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Valley oaks dominate the vegetation to the west and south, on the edge of Middle Slough and the Cosumnes River, respectively.
		Point Reyes Bird Observatory researchers have said that the Tall Forest is the finest woodland habitat for breeding birds remaining on the floor of the whole of the Central Valley.
		It is a forest mainly of valley oaks, but portions of the canopy are dominated by Oregon ashes on the east side and Fremont cottonwoods on the south.
	www.cosumnes.org /siteguide.htm (2560 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- California Central Valley grasslands (NA0801) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In most Central Valley habitats, native species comprise less than one percent of the plants present today.
		The grasslands of the California Central Valley once provided plentiful food for plant eaters such as pronghorn, elk, mule deer, California ground squirrels, and kangaroo rats.
		Their predators included coyotes, mountain lions, ringtails, bobcats, and San Joaquin Valley kit foxes, which are now a federally endangered species found only in the southern California Valley foothills.
	nationalgeographic.com /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/na/na0801.html (558 words)

	San Joaquin Valley Grassland and Vernal Pools Bibliography
		Historically, the San Joaquin Valley supported diverse and abundant populations of fish and wildlife.
		Guidebook for all 8 counties in the San Joaquin Valley.
		Brief description of the Central Valley Grasslands includes a description of the vernal pools and the environment that surrounds them.
	www.calacademy.org /research/library/biodiv/biblio/sjv.htm (1346 words)

	AFRP - Title 34-CVPIA
		(d)the terms "Central Valley Project" or "project" mean all Federal reclamation projects located within or diverting water from or to the watershed of the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers and their tributaries as authorized by the Act of August 26, 1937 (50 Stat.
		Instream flow needs for all Central Valley Project controlled streams and rivers shall be determined by the Secretary based on recommendations of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service after consultation with the California Department of Fish and Game.
		For the purpose of shortage allocation, the priority or priorities applicable to the increment of water provided under paragraph (2) of this subsection shall be the priority or priorities which applied to the water in question prior to its transfer to the purpose of providing such increment.
	www.delta.dfg.ca.gov /afrp/title34.asp (6134 words)

	SRCSD - Restoring Native Grasslands
		During the past century perennial grasses that once covered large expanses of both valley and mountain habitats in California have been transformed into a mix dominated by annual grasses and other herbaceous (non-woody) plants, called forbs.
		California's historic native grass community included more than 300 species of grasses, including both warm and cool season varieties.
		Research is currently underway to evaluate additional native grass species and to develop cost-efficient ways of restoring large parcels to native grasslands.
	www.srcsd.com /restornat.html (291 words)

	Cosumnes River Preserve, BLM California, Folsom Field Office (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Safeguarding and restoring the finest remaining example of California Valley oak riparian (stream side) ecosystem and its surrounding habitats.
		The Preserve is home to California's largest remaining valley oak riparian forest, and is one of the few protected wetland habitat areas in the state.
		The Preserve includes 40,000 acres of central valley grasslands, vernal pools, wetlands and valley oak forests.
	www.ca.blm.gov /folsom/cosumpres.html (506 words)

	CWIS -- "The Inland Wetlands Conservation Program Wildlife Conservation Board's Contributions Towards the Central ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In California, the Central Valley is the most important waterfowl wintering area in the Pacific Flyway, supporting 60 percent of the total duck and goose population.
		Thus, in 1988, the Central Valley Habitat Joint Venture (CVHJV) was established.
		These projects are completed by worldng with the various entities throughout the Central Valley who share the common goal of restoring waterfowl populations to levels that existed in the mid- 1970's.
	ceres.ca.gov /wetlands/whats_new/inland_wetlands_exec_sum.html (844 words)

	Central Valley (from California) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The Central Valley runs for 450 miles (720 kilometres) through the centre of California, forming a trough between the Coast Ranges to its west and the Sierra Nevada to its east.
		More results on "Central Valley (from California)" when you join.
		Central Park is the rollerblading mecca of New York City.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-79242 (864 words)

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