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	California Gull - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The California Gull, Larus californicus, is a medium-sized gull, smaller than the Herring Gull but larger than the Ring-billed Gull.
		This is the state bird of Utah, remembered for assisting Mormon settlers in dealing with a plague of Mormon crickets.
		A Seagull Monument in Salt Lake City commemorates this event, known as the "Miracle of the Gulls".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/California_Gull (228 words)

	California Gull Breeding Adult
		California Gull (Breeding Adult): The mature gull breeds in northern prairie provinces east to North Dakota, south to northwestern Wyoming and Utah, and west to northeastern California.
		California Gull (Breeding Adult): Two or three heavily blotched, buff-olive eggs are laid in a nest made of grass, dead weeds, and sticks.
		California Gull (Breeding Adult): Adult Herring Gulls are similar to California Gulls but are larger, have pinkish legs, a yellow iris, paler backs, and a slightly thicker yellow bill with a more pronounced gonys.
	www.percevia.com /explorer/db/birds_of_north_america_western/obj/133/target.aspx (857 words)

	CALIFORNIA GULL PREDATION ON WATERFOWL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Gull predation on waterfowl nests was noted in these studies, and the California Gull was by far the most destructive predator on the Refuge.
		The greater gull predation occurred before June 25 because: (1) waterfowl nesting reached its peak before this date, and (2) the majority of the juvenile California Gulls were still dependent on their parents for food during this period.
		GULL PREDATION ON WATERFOWL BROODS The methods used to detect predation on ducklings were, weekly waterfowl brood counts to determine the rate of decrease in brood size from one week of age until the young were three-quarters grown and continuous observations on Cal/fornia Gull activities noting all instances of gull predation of young waterfowl.
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/Auk/v074n02/p0185-p0202.html (9250 words)

	The Aviary: California Gull (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The California Gull (Larus californicus) is a medium-sized gull with a length of 17 inches and a wingspan of 52 inches.
		It is slightly smaller than the Herring Gull, but resembles it in all plumages.
		This gull is common along the Pacific Coast in winter and inland in breeding season, nesting in large colonies on the prairies.
	aviary.owls.com /gull/calif_gull.html (201 words)

	California Gull 1st Winter
		California Gull (1st Winter): The mature gull breeds in northern prairie provinces east to North Dakota, south to northwestern Wyoming and Utah, and west to northeastern California.
		California Gull (1st Winter): Two or three heavily blotched, buff-olive eggs are laid in a nest made of grass, dead weeds, and sticks.
		California Gull (1st Winter): These birds are browner overall than immature Ring-billed Gulls and show less contrast between the upper wing coverts and the secondaries.
	www.percevia.com /explorer/db/birds_of_north_america_western/obj/134/target.aspx (893 words)

	All About Birds
		A common winter gull of the West Coast, the California Gull breeds inland across large areas of the West.
		The California Gull is the "seagull" that came to the aid of Mormon settlers in Utah, helping rid their crops of a plague of grasshoppers.
		The gulls that breed in the Great Basin region of the western United States are smaller and darker backed, and those breeding in the Great Plains are larger and paler.
	www.birds.cornell.edu /programs/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/California_Gull_dtl.html (894 words)

	Enchanted Forest School - Science - Sea Gulls (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Sea gulls are the gymnasts of the air.
		Gulls are primarily scavengers, and the adult birds can live up to 30 years.
		Gulls are omnivores, and they feed on garbage, carrion, earthworms, adult insects and larvae during the winter.
	www.geocities.com /EnchantedForest/Cottage/8217/wa_sci_gull.html (393 words)

	Utah State Bird California Gull Larus californicus
		The California gull, even without official status, was long considered the state bird of Utah due to its storied role as a protector of crops.
		It's often stated that the California gull was made the state bird in return for saving the settler's lives.
		We are puzzled by the lack of consistency between the statute that identifies the state bird as a "sea gull" and the Utah web site that consistently identifies the state bird as a California gull.
	www.netstate.com /states/symb/birds/ut_california_gull.htm (623 words)

	Encyclopedia: California Gull
		Genera Pagophila Larus Rissa Creagus Xema Rhodostethia Gulls are seabirds in the family Laridae and subfamily Lari.
		Binomial name Larus argentatus Pontopiddan, 1763 The herring gull, Larus argentatus, is a large gull which breeds across North America, Europe and Asia.
		The Miracle of the Gulls is often credited by Latter-day Saints (Mormons) for saving the Mormon pioneers first harvest in Utah.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/California-Gull (690 words)

	Gull page v2
		Gulls are, however, often very easy to photograph and I have taken hundreds of close-up shots to document changing plumages, and to use in classes and lectures.
		Hailman, J.P. Cliff-nesting adaptations of the Galapagos Swallow-tailed Gull.
		Breeding behavior of the Swallow-tailed Gull of the Galapagos.
	www.montereybay.com /creagrus/gulls.html (1684 words)

	The Montana Standard - Butte, Montana USA
		Scores of gulls inhabit coastal seashores and bays everywhere on the continent.
		On the lower mandible of this gull's yellow bill is a bright red spot preceded by a fl stripe.
		The herring gull is quite similar to the California gull though a bit larger.
	www.mtstandard.com /articles/2004/03/30/newsthreerivers/hjjfjggjihhbih.txt (422 words)

	The BirdWeb - Species Description (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This gull is intermediate in size between the smaller Ring-billed Gull and the larger Herring Gull, both of which it resembles.
		The California Gull is an inland breeding bird but may be seen at any season in marine habitats.
		Known as the gull that rid the early Mormon settlers in Utah of plagues of grasshoppers, the California Gull is still considered a beneficial species throughout its range, although it has been associated with some crop damage.
	www.birdweb.org /birdweb/Species.asp?id=199 (957 words)

	California Gull - South Dakota (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A widespread gull of the western half of the United States, spending its summers in the interior and its winters along the Pacific Coast.
		The California Gull is what inspired the seagull monument in Salt Lake City, as it was the species that saved crops from the 1848 grasshopper plague.
		It is very similar to the Ring-Billed Gull and Herring Gull, and is intermediate in size between the two.
	huskertsd.tripod.com /species/california_gull.htm (217 words)

	Where do you want to go birding in California today?
		California Current is a hundred mile wide river of ocean water running from north to south along the west coast of North America.
		California's spectacular Eastern Sierra, Mono Lake is an oasis in the dry Great Basin and a vital habitat for millions of migratory and nesting birds.
		Watchable Wildlife in California - From wave-battered headlands and
	www.camacdonald.com /birding/uscalifornia.htm (3793 words)

	Utah State Bird: California Gull - SHG Resources
		The California gull (Larus californicus) became the official state bird on February 14, 1955, when House Bill 51 was signed into law by Gov. J Bracken Lee (Utah Code 63-13-9).
		The California gull was chosen as the state bird because it was credited with saving the pioneer's crops from complete destruction in the summer of 1848.
		The mature California gull measures from twenty to twenty-three inches in length and has greenish yellow feet, a medium gray mantle, and a bill with an orange spot near the tip of the lower mandible.
	www.shgresources.com /ut/symbols/bird (630 words)

	California Gull Detailed Information - Montana Animal Field Guide
		California Gull breeds widely throughout northern Montana; migrates widely in the rest of Montana.
		Adult California Gulls that were marked on the breeding colony at Freezeout Lake were later reobserved on the Pacific coast from Vancouver, Canada to Baja California, Mexico (Rothweiler 1960).
		At Freezeout Lake, in nesting colonies with Ring-billed Gulls, the nesting habitat is segregated with respect to vegetative characteristics, and food niches are separated by different foraging distances (Baird 1976).
	fwp.state.mt.us /fieldguide/detail_ABNNM03110.aspx (394 words)

	GULL LAKE CALIFORNIA on the June Lake Loop (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Gull Lake is the second in the chain of four mountain lakes comprising the June Lake Loop, and the smallest in size.
		The shores of Gull Lake host a boat landing, a community park and center with playground and tennis courts, several summer homes, the Interlaken condominium complex, and a campground, which arguably features the best campsites anywhere in the area.
		Gull Lake is a favorite of many fisherman, as it consistently yields good-sized trout.
	junelakeloop.com /about/gull.html (161 words)

	Utah state bird, the California gull (Geobop's Symbols) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Abundant nesting colonies of California gulls were reported as early as 1850 and 1860 in Utah.
		Scenes leading up to the coming of the crickets and the arrival of the gulls are pictured in bronze tablets on the four sides of the monument’s pedestal.
		The gulls winter along the Pacific Coast and inland in Utah, Oregon, and California.
	www.geobop.com /world/NA/US/UT/Bird.htm (512 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		California Gull (Larus californicus) is not only our Utah state bird but a permanent resident of the Refuge.
		The California Gull achieved fame when it arrived in great numbers and devoured a swarm of locust that threatened the first crops of the early Mormon settlers in Utah.
		The California Gull has darker gray mantle, dark eye, reddish eye ring, and greenish legs.
	www.uen.org /utahlink/tours/tourImage.cgi?image_id=1096&tour_id=1006 (81 words)

	Yellowstone Digital Slide File
		California Gull on Molly Island in Yellowstone Lake; Bryan Harry; 1964
		California Gull on the Southeast Arm of Yellowstone Lake; Bryan Harry; 1964
		Group of California Gulls with juveniles on Molly Island in Yellowstone Lake; Bryan Harry; 1964
	www.nps.gov /yell/slidefile/birds/gullsterns/page.htm (139 words)

	California Gull - Wildlife - Presidio of San Francisco
		California Gull - Wildlife - Presidio of San Francisco
		The California Gull is omnivorous, eating everything from garbage to invertebrates.
		This gull can be distinguished by its medium-gray color, fl wing tips with white spots and greenish legs.
	www.nps.gov /goga/prsf/nathist1/wildlife/birds/calgull.htm (108 words)

	Audubon Birds, California Gull (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Grateful Utah residents chose this as their state bird because they saved the Mormons' crops from locusts in 1848.
		Without the large flocks of gulls to feed on the swarming insects, the settlers would have suffered starvation.
		California Gulls also feed on rodents, eggs, fish and garbage.
	www.shopoli.com /detail.asp?PRODUCT_ID=WR_AB027 (73 words)

	California Gull -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The California Gull, Larus californicus, is a medium-sized (Mostly white aquatic bird having long pointed wings and short legs) gull, smaller than the (Large gull of the northern hemisphere) Herring Gull but larger than the (Click link for more info and facts about Ring-billed Gull) Ring-billed Gull.
		Their breeding habitat is lakes and (Low-lying wet land with grassy vegetation; usually is a transition zone between land and water) marshes in western (A continent (the third largest) in the western hemisphere connected to South America by the Isthmus of Panama) North America.
		They may follow plows in fields for insects stirred up by this activity.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ca/california_gull.htm (351 words)

	phorum - IDFrontiers - [BIRDWG01] Trondheim Gull (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		As I see California Gulls for about 12 months a year here in Colorado (and studied a number of adults as recently as three days ago), I have to say that I have trouble with the Trondheim gull being referable to that taxon.
		California Gull, for all the reasons given previously.
		Gull is fairly small, being smaller than a Lesser Black-backed Gull.
	www.surfbirds.com /phorum/read.php?f=51&i=2735&t=2735 (3888 words)

	B-Mail(sm): ID-FRONTIERS for December 7-13, 2003
		However, it is winter and the odd gulls are out in force, and the birders lacking broad experience with northern gull taxa (that is me) are out there in force as well.
		Flocks that would usually be Western and California with a sprinkling of Glaucous-wings and hybrids are now full of Glaucous-wings, many Herrings (smithsonianus of course) and Thayer's Gulls...
		In this analyis, RBGU is the only Nearctic gull that does not fit the pattern (I wonder why?), and SBGU fits it so well that I would call it a New World Gull derivative on the periphery of the Nearctic region.
	www.virtualbirder.com /bmail/idfrontiers/200312/w2 (4414 words)

	B-Mail(sm): ID-FRONTIERS for April 23-30, 2000
		It appears to be slightly larger than a California Gull when seen in the flock.
		It appears to be slightly larger than a California Gull when seen in > the flock.
		This one is in fact a fairly obvious GW Gull, based on the stout bill, quite long legs, and short primary projection.
	www.virtualbirder.com /bmail/idfrontiers/200004/w4 (1255 words)

	California gull Info
		Winters from southern Washington and eastern Idaho, south along Pacific Coast to southern Baja California and northwestern mainland Mexico.
		May gather in large flocks, often in association with Ring-billed or other gulls.
		Although Great Horned Owl may cause significant mortality in breeding colony, colonial waterbird surveys conducted between 1984 and 1994 indicate that California Gull numbers have increased three-fold during this time period.
	imnh.isu.edu /digitalatlas/bio/birds/gulls/cagu/cagu_inf.htm (251 words)

	California Gull (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The dark bird (bottom left) is a Heermann's Gull Larus heermanni.
		The bird in the center with the greenish bill is a likely a bird acquiring basic plumage The others are adults in still in alternate plumage.
		These gulls are quite large, suggesting they are of the Great Plains subspecies Larus californicus albertaensis.
	www.birdinfo.com /CaliforniaGull_0024.html (99 words)

	California Gull (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		RANGE: Breeds from southern Mackenzie south to northern Utah and north-central Colorado, and west to southern interior British Columbia and northeastern California.
		NEST: A colonial nester, often nesting in mixed colonies with the ring-billed gull.
		Avoids dense herbaceous cover, and constructs its nest in a scrape on the ground in elevated, boulder-strewn areas.
	www.npwrc.usgs.gov /resource/1998/forest/species/larucali.htm (147 words)

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