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Topic: California Towhee

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	California Towhee (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		California Towhees are relatively common in brushy habitats from southern Oregon to Baja California and from the Pacific inland to the foothills of the Cascades and the Sierra Nevada.
		California Towhees are permanent residents and, except for the dispersal of juveniles away from nesting areas, are quite sedentary.
		The three brown towhees (California, Canyon, and Abert's) are closely related and similar in appearance.
	www.birds.cornell.edu /BOW/CALTOW (623 words)

	California Towhee - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The California Towhee, Pipilo crissalis, is a bird of the family Emberizidae, native to the coastal regions of the western Oregon and California in the United States and Baja California in Mexico.
		The California Towhee's natural habitat is brush or chaparral, but it adapts well to urban parks and gardens.
		The California Towhee feeds on the ground or in low scrub rather than in the tree canopy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/California_Towhee (256 words)

	Towhee - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A Towhee is any one of a number of species of birds in the genus Pipilo within the family Emberizidae (which also includes the buntings, American sparrows, and juncos).
		Towhees typically have longer tails than other emberizids.
		Most species have rather skulking habits, so they are not well known, though the Eastern Towhee P.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Towhee (199 words)

	California Towhee (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		California Towhees are relatively common in brushy habitats from southern Oregon to Baja California and from the Pacific inland to the foothills of the Cascades and the Sierra Nevada.
		California Towhees are permanent residents and, except for the dispersal of juveniles away from nesting areas, are quite sedentary.
		The three brown towhees (California, Canyon, and Abert's) are closely related and similar in appearance.
	birds.cornell.edu /BOW/CALTOW (623 words)

	California Towhee
		California Towhees often battle their own reflections in windows, hubcaps, and other such reflecting surfaces.
		Most food is found on the ground, and California Towhees may forage in the manner of Eastern or Spotted Towhees-by scratching the soil using both feet at once.
		Canyon Towhees are distinguished by a paler throat with a necklace of dark spots, a contrasting rufous-brown crown (some Mexican races lack this crown), pale buffy (rather than cinnamon) lores, whitish bellies, and a dark spot below the throat necklace.
	www.shawcreekbirdsupply.com /california_towhee_info.htm (587 words)

	Bird of the month: California Towhee
		California Towhees are notable for the frequency with which members of pairs keep in contact.
		It is found in lowland California west of the Sierra Nevada and locally on the eastern Sierran slopes and in southern California.
		Interior valleys of southwestern Oregon are well-known for a scattered population of California Towhees.
	www.rras.org /newsletter/artmar04b.htm (541 words)

	All About Birds
		A large, dully marked, ground-foraging sparrow, the California Towhee is a characteristic bird of chaparral and underbrush in oak woodlands of California.
		The California Towhee is not migratory, but it makes limited movements uphill after breeding, from chaparral into the lower mountain slopes in California.
		The Inyo California Towhee is restricted to riparian habitat in the Argus Mountains of central California.
	birds.cornell.edu /programs/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/California_Towhee_dtl.html (355 words)

	canyon towhee (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Canyon Towhee or Brown Towhee, Pipilo fuscus, is a bird of the family Emberizidae, native to lower-lying areas of the south-western United States.
		The taxonomy of the group of towhees to which this species belongs is debated.
		Within the genus, there has been dispute about whether the Brown Towhee is a distinct species from the California Towhee, Pipilo crissalis, found in the coastal regions of the western Oregon and California in the United States and Baja California in Mexico.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /canyon_towhee.html (270 words)

	All About Birds
		A large, dully marked, ground-foraging sparrow, the California Towhee is a characteristic bird of chaparral and underbrush in oak woodlands of California.
		The California Towhee is not migratory, but it makes limited movements uphill after breeding, from chaparral into the lower mountain slopes in California.
		The Inyo California Towhee is restricted to riparian habitat in the Argus Mountains of central California.
	www.birds.cornell.edu /AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/California_Towhee.html (205 words)

	California Towhee - Definition, explanation
		The California Towhee, Pipilo crissalis, is a bird of the family Emberizidae, native to the coastal regions of the western Oregon and California in the United States and Baja California in Mexico.
		The California Towhee's natural habitat is brush or chaparral, but it adapts well to urban parks and gardens.
		The California Towhee feeds on the ground or in low scrub rather than in the tree canopy.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/c/ca/california_towhee.php (259 words)

	California Towhee - Whatbird.com
		California Towhee: Large sparrow with uniform brown-gray body, faintly streaked underparts, and buff throat bordered with dark streaks.
		California Towhee: Resident in coastal and foothill chaparral from Oregon to southern Baja California.
		● Breeding and nesting: California Towhee: Three to four blue-green eggs, lightly spotted or scrawled with brown-fl markings, are laid in a cup nest built low in a bush or young tree.
	identify.whatbird.com /obj/76/_/California_Towhee.aspx (813 words)

	Bird-Watching: The California Towhee, Boldly Bland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		On the surface, the California towhee is such a nondescript bird that you almost wonder why it has any reason for being.
		Now, the California towhee can see that the scrub jay is taking peanut after peanut and flying off, and the towhee wants a piece of this action.
		From 1933 to 1938, Harold and Josephine Michener of Pasadena, California, recorded a male California towhee that had established and maintained a territory right in their yard, in which food was always available.
	news.nationalgeographic.com /news/2003/10/1027_031028_birdmantowhee.html (840 words)

	Abert's Towhee Breeding Male (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Abert's Towhee: Two to five pale bluish white eggs with scattered marks of dark brown are laid in a nest of forbs, bark pieces, leaves, and vines lined with dead grasses and mammal hair.
		Abert's Towhee Breeding Male: Similar to this bird is Canyon Towhee, which inhabits different range, has grayish upperparts, face, and sides, chestnut cap, dark chest spot, necklace of dusky streaks, buffy lores, chin, and throat, white belly.
		California Towhee is brownish overall with warm brown crown, buff lores, chin, and throat, dusky necklace, and pale eye ring.
	www.percevia.com /explorer/db/birds_of_north_america_western/obj/653/target.aspx (736 words)

	California Towhee (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The two populations are quite isolated each other and molecular genetics seems to have settled the matter favour of two distinct species for the On the other hand there seems to little distinction between the northern and Baja populations within P.
		The California Towhee's natural habitat is brush chaparral but it adapts well to urban and gardens.
		The California Towhee feeds on the ground in low scrub rather than in the canopy.
	www.freeglossary.com /California_Towhee (412 words)

	Canyon Towhee (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Canyon Towhee or Brown Towhee Pipilo fuscus is a bird of the family Emberizidae native to lower-lying areas of the United States.
		The taxonomy of the group of towhees to which this species belongs is At the higher level some authors place towhees in the family Fringillidae.
		Its skulking habits and nondescript appearance that it is not one of the known birds.
	www.freeglossary.com /Canyon_Towhee (476 words)

	The Indigenous Youth Foundation
		Since the compilation of California Native American sacred sites is relatively recent and since these bases have used their lands for a considerable period of time, there is every reason to believe that many additional and as yet unrecorded sites exist within the limits of these bases.
		Scattered communities of Chumash who lived along the California coastal areas may live in close proximity to coastal military installations but we believe their concerns would be directed primarily at the question of burials and remains of ancient villages.
		Since the coast was heavily populated by small villages which obtained their subsistence from the ocean and river tributaries, the chances of accidentally uncovering a location on military coastal lands that would be held as sacred, at least insofar as burials are concern, is reasonably high.
	www.chumash.org /projects.htm (15563 words)

	Elkhorn Slough
		Cattail Swale: A great blue heron was feeding in the shallows while mallards, gadwalls, fl-crowned night herons, fl phoebes, yellow-rumped warblers, chestnut-backed chickadees, California towhees, tree and violet-green swallows and belted kingfishers fed all around it, and a western pond turtle watched it all from one of the limbs down in the water.
		Five fingers trail had white-crowned sparrows, western scrub jays, California towhees, yellow-rumped warblers, American crows, white-tailed kites, red-tailed hawks, and a fl skimmer was seen from the bird blind.
		Long Valley Loop: California towhees, chestnut-backed chickadees, oak titmice, barn swallows, 180+ brown pelicans in a feeding frenzy, willets, bushtits, greater yellowlegs, snowy egrets, long-billed curlews, western scrub jay, red-tailed hawk, song and savannah sparrows, house finch, American crows, turkey vulture and 200+ western sandpipers.
	www.elkhornslough.org /birdlog2000.htm (6349 words)

	Where do you want to go birding in California today?
		California Current is a hundred mile wide river of ocean water running from north to south along the west coast of North America.
		California's spectacular Eastern Sierra, Mono Lake is an oasis in the dry Great Basin and a vital habitat for millions of migratory and nesting birds.
		Watchable Wildlife in California - From wave-battered headlands and
	www.camacdonald.com /birding/uscalifornia.htm (3793 words)

	eNature: FieldGuides: Species Detail
		The trampling of vegetation by burros, for example, has destroyed plants necessary to the towhee's survival and left room for unfavorable plants to move in.
		Discussion The California Towhee is easily overlooked because it often forages quietly among chaparral bushes or garden cover.
		Although its range in the chaparral overlaps during winter with that of the Spotted Towhee, this bird lives in low scrub, whereas the Spotted keeps to scrub oaks and other taller "forest edge" areas.
	www.enature.com /fieldguide/showSpeciesLG.asp?curFamilyID=&showType=4&rgnID=992&curGroupID=1&curPageNum=194&recnum=BD0314 (268 words)

	Spotted Towhee (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The western and eastern varieties of this bird were once collectively known as the "Rufous-sided Towhee", but differences in their song and appearence resulted in separation.
		This bird, with it's distinctive colors and loud buzzy call, are nothing like it's counterpart, the California Towhee.
		These Towhee's can be seen scratching on the ground for food, which can be insects, seeds, or berries.
	www.bird-friends.com /BirdPage.php?name=Spotted%20Towhee (108 words)

	Birds of Westwood: California Towhee
		California Towhee on the ground near some picnic tables in the UCLA Botanical Garden.
		I often hear one calling in the morning from a tall pine tree in the UCLA Botanical Garden, and in a tree near Hilgard and Le Conte.When they come down out of their trees, they can be seen hopping around on the ground, kicking up leaves, looking for insects to eat.
		The Brown Towhee is much less secretive than his spotted brother and comes about the buildings quite freely, hopping across the walks or in and out of the shrubbery with little attempt at concealment.
	www.birdsofwestwood.com /birdpages/ctowhee.htm (305 words)

	The California towhee likes leaf litter
		The California Towhee forages in the leaf litter by scratching, with both feet at once, in a fast hopping motion.
		The California Towhee is found in brushy areas west of the Sierras.
		It is not found in central California as this area lacks the appropriate scrubby plant communities.
	www.laspilitas.com /California_birds/Sparoows_towhees_and_buntings/Caifornia_Towhee/California_Towhees_in_your_garden.htm (177 words)

	Patten, M (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		We focused on four species of birds: the shrub-nesting wrentit (Chamaea fasciata) and California towhee (Pipilo crissalis) and the ground-nesting spotted towhee (P.
		Snake abundance was the best predictor of nest failure in the ground-nesting species, whereas abundance of avian predators (Corvidae, Mimidae) was associated with nest failure of the wrentit and a combination of snake and avian predator abundance was correlated with nest failure of the California towhee.
		As a result, top-down control of reproductive success in populations of the spotted towhee and rufous-crowned sparrow was largely absent in habitat fragments.
	www.oikos.ekol.lu.se /oikos.101.3.abstracts/12515Patten.htm (292 words)

	photographs by Mark Chappell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The California towhee used to be considered a race of the widely-distributed brown towhee, but it now has full species status.
		The musical 'chink' notes of California towhees are familar sounds in gardens, chaparral, and woodlands, where they are abundant and often very confiding residents.
		This bird was photographed as it perched briefly on a granite boulder at the University of California's Motte Rimrock Reserve, near Perris, California.
	www.biology.ucr.edu /personal/MACphotos/birds6/caltowhee.html (83 words)

	Sighting Record for Utah
		The size and shape of a towhee, with the towhee's long tail.
		California towhee: even farther out of range, cap was too rufous, face and throat not rufous enough.
		I saw lots of California towhees in southern California last month, I've seen Canyon towhees in New Mexico and in southern Arizona.
	www.utahbirds.org /RecCom/2002/2002_18.htm (246 words)

	Towhee.net - Dependable advice on birding California and Europe
		We are working with Nestlingtours to bring families to the bird-rich areas of Northern California
		In Northern California you expect the Heermann's Gulls to show up in July, along with the Elegant Terns.
		Come to Northern California in the fall and we'll see if you can get all nine regular gull species, and then maybe add a rarity.
	www.towhee.net (732 words)

	RECOVERY PLAN FOR INYO CALIFORNIA TOWHEE READY FOR PUBLIC REVIEW
		The Inyo California towhee nests and forages in thickets of dense riparian vegetation -- willows, Fremont cottonwood, and desert olive.
		Degradation or destruction of riparian habitat prompted the Fish and Wildlife Service in 1987 and State of California in 1980 to add the Inyo California towhee to their respective endangered species lists, and it remains the primary threat to the bird's existence today.
		The recovery strategy for the Inyo California towhee will focus on monitoring the population and habitats, eliminating threats to the habitats, and rehabilitating those habitats that have been degraded or destroyed.
	www.fws.gov /pacific/news/1997/9783nr.htm (779 words)

	California Deserts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A series of legal actions brought against the BLM and the National Park Service has resulted in the closure of the largest mine within the National Park system, the banning and limitation of livestock on millions of acres of tortoise habitat, and the closure of 4,500 miles of roads.
		The Inyo California towhee (Pipilio crissalis eremophilus) is another ecological wonder of the California Desert Conservation Area.
		The Center won a precedent setting legal settlement in 2000, closing 49,310 acres of the dunes to ORVs and establishing a planning process to ensure the Peirson's milkvetch is forever protected in the CDCA.
	www.biologicaldiversity.org /swcbd/goldenstate/cdca/species.html (1146 words)

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