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	Encyclopedia: California electricity crisis
		The California electricity crisis (also known as the Western Energy Crisis) of 2000 and 2001 followed a failed partial-deregulation, in 1996, of the electricity market in the state.
		California's first-ever gubernatorial recall election was held on October 7, and after several legal and procedural delays the results were certified on November 14th, 2003, making Davis the first governor recalled in the history of California, and just the second in U.S. history.
		California was hit harder than other states at the end of the speculative bubble known as the " dot-com boom " — from 1996 to 2000 — when Silicon Valley was the center of the internet economy.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/California-electricity-crisis (547 words)

	California electricity crisis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Following this decision, California failed to develop sufficient in-state electricity generation capacity and came to depend in part on the import of excess hydroelectricity from the north.
		Part of California's deregulation process, which was promoted as a means of increasing competition, involved the partial divestiture in March 1998 of electricity generation stations by the incumbent utilities, who were still responsible for electricity distribution and were competing with independents in the retail market.
		The crisis, and the subsequent government intervention, have had political ramifications, and is regarded as one of the major contributing factors to the 2003 recall election of Governor Davis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/California_electricity_crisis (2628 words)

	Haas School: California Electricity Crisis
		As a result of the California crisis and its aftermath, the confidence of electricity reformers throughout the world has been shaken and initiatives to introduce competition in other jurisdictions have been delayed, which in some circumstances may be advisable.
		The end results are that California's major electric utilities consumers' rates now stand 40 percent higher compared to the level at the start of restructuring, the level of State regulation is increasing instead of decreasing, and utilities and independent power generators struggle for solvency amid a maelstrom of acrimonious litigation.
		California's electricity crisis was caused in part by the failure of the electricity commodity market.
	www.haas.berkeley.edu /news/manifesto.html (2686 words)

	Distributed Energy Program: The California Electricity Crisis
		California, with the 10th-highest electricity prices in the country, was the first state to enact electric restructuring legislation in 1996.
		California already relied heavily on imports of power from other states, particularly hydropower from the Pacific Northwest, and this dependence grew to roughly 11,000 MW in 2000.
		Electrical load decreased, but many plants that had maintained full power through the summer were shut down for maintenance.
	www.eere.energy.gov /de/ca_elec_crisis.html (657 words)

	NRDC: California Overcomes an Electricity Crisis
		Electricity consumption increased only modestly in California during the decade of the 1990s, thanks in part to the effective coordination of utility investments in energy efficiency and the state's minimum efficiency standards for buildings and equipment.
		From 1990-1999, electricity use in California grew at an annual rate of about one percent, matching the state's rate of population growth and lagging far behind the 2.8 percent average growth of the state's economy.
		The CEC also maintains running estimates of weather-adjusted trends in peak load for the state; the Commission estimates that weather-adjusted peaks for June, July, August and September declined by about 12.2 percent, 9.1 percent, 7.7 percent and 7.0 percent, respectively, compared with the same months in 2000.
	www.nrdc.org /air/energy/acrisis.asp (958 words)

	GeoInvestor: Power Politics: Drawing Lessons from California's Electricity Crisis
		California is, in many ways, reverting to the status quo ante, taking policy steps and assuming political postures reminiscent of the era prior to deregulation.
		California utilities, until recently, were barred from entering into futures contracts to buy power ahead of time and had to purchase all of their power through Cal-ISO and the PX at spot prices.
		Demand for electricity in California, meanwhile, is expected to grow steadily in coming years, largely as a result of continued strong expansion of the state economy, population growth and increasing consumer purchases of appliances, computers and other electricity-consuming items.
	www.geoinvestor.com /archives/fpgarchives/oct1900powerpolitics.htm (12127 words)

	California electricity crisis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Thus California has given the utilities $1000 for every man, woman and child in the state.
		Interesting too that Deregulation was supposedly to take government out of the electricity business; so now the state government buys the (non-profit-producing) grid and gets back into the electricity business.
		Grossman has a very good article on California's situation in the March 21, 2001 issue of the Bay Area Guardian (p.
	www.lrna.org /8-topic/cal0330.html (247 words)

	Myth and Reality in the California Energy-Crisis Debate
		Reality: Reports of recent runaway growth in California electricity use are wildly exaggerated; the estimated statewide increase for 2000 was about 3.5 percent, and the annual rate of growth from 1990-98 was less than 1 percent.
		California accounts for only about 15 percent of the increase in Western peak power use since 1995, although the state represents more than 40 percent of the total system; in other words, electricity consumption for the other ten western states has been growing more than twice as fast as California's, on average.
		The efficiency and renewable-energy imperatives apply at least as strongly outside California's boundaries; electricity consumption for the nation as a whole increased by 22 percent from 1990-99, double California's 11 percent figure for the same period.
	www.ecoworld.com /Home/articles2.cfm?TID=261 (1832 words)

	The California Electricity Crisis: Lessons for the Future
		California's financial crisis was the result of the state government's mismanagement of the electricity crisis.
		Organizations that the California governor derided as "Texas utilities" (most of which were not utilities and were not based in Texas and several of which were public agencies from California, Oregon, and British Columbia) were able to keep producing despite delays in payment.
		The crisis is over for now, but there is a potential for future crises, particularly if state actions chill the climate for new construction and plants that have already been approved decide not to proceed.
	www.nae.edu /nae/bridgecom.nsf/weblinks/MKEZ-5B7JJ2?OpenDocument (3846 words)

	AWEA News Release - Wind Energy Can Help Ease California Electricity Crisis
		As California battles this summer with power outages and price spikes on the state's power exchange and consumer bills, some electric utility professionals are noticing the steadying, buffer impact of the state's investments in wind and other forms of renewable energy.
		This is particularly true because the summer months are generally periods of optimal performance for California's wind turbines, as hot air rises in the Central Valley and cooler air from the coast is drawn in through the state's wind resource areas (Altamont, Pacheco, Tehachapi and San Gorgonio passes) to replace it.
		California's natural gas-fired power plants emit sizable quantities of nitrogen oxides (NOx), a primary component of smog, and of carbon dioxide (CO), the most important greenhouse gas associated with global warming.
	www.awea.org /news/news000823ca.html (830 words)

	California's Electricity Crisis: What's Going On, Who's to Blame, and What to Do
		The California electricity crisis threatens not only the economic well-being of ratepayers in California but the economic well-being of the United States as well.
		California has been victimized by several simultaneous and severe supply and demand shocks—most notably, a run-up in wholesale natural gas prices—that are outside the state's political control.
		Although California's "deregulation" of the electric utility business is being blamed for the crisis by both the political left and the political right, we find that the 1996 restructuring law has little to do with the run-up in wholesale power prices.
	www.cato.org /pubs/pas/pa-406es.html (464 words)

	California Electricity Crisis Calls For Urgent, Practical Solution, EEI Says (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Two California utilities have been unable to recoup the high prices they have paid for wholesale electricity in recent months because of a 1996 industry deregulation law.
		Pacific Gas and Electric and Southern California Edison have been driven to the verge of bankruptcy; their combined undercollections amount to as much as $12 billion dollars.
		Our U.S. members serve roughly 90 percent of the ultimate customers in the shareholder-owned segment of the industry, nearly 70 percent of all electric utility ultimate customers in the nation, and generate nearly 70 percent of the electricity produced in the United States.
	www.eei.org /newsroom/press_releases/010122.htm (380 words)

	Manifesto on the California Electricity Crisis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		California is confronting an unprecedented electricity crisis which threatens to wreck its economy and cause collateral damage throughout the West.
		For example, the current crisis can be addressed without problematic steps such as trying to isolate California from the western electricity market, turning the State into the permanent electricity purchasing authority for consumers, or committing taxpayer funds to large energy-related projects.
		Electricity prices are now high because of the credit risks of the utilities, high natural gas prices, reduced supplies from other states, unprecedented outages of generating plants in California, high prices for NOx emissions credits, and inflexible electricity demands by customers.
	www.caltax.org /member/digest/mar2001/mar01-03.htm (3105 words)

	Lessons from the California Electricity Crisis
		This paper describes the lessons that should be learned about electricity market design and regulating energy markets from the California electricity crisis.
		A necessary first step in determining the lessons learned from the California electricity crisis is a diagnosis of its causes.
		This is followed by a discussion of what I believe are the major lessons for electricity market design that should be learned from the California crisis.
	repositories.cdlib.org /ucei/csem/CSEMWP-110R (307 words)

	Morrow’s Principles for Resolving California’s Electricity Crisis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Recognize that innocent ratepayers will not be unfairly penalized for the wholesale debt accumulated by private utility companies — a situation caused primarily by market mismanagement by utility companies, price gouging by power producers, miscalculation by state and federal government planners, and inappropriate regulating by state and federal government bureaucrats.
		Reduce the costs of energy by dramatically increasing energy supply through (a) the construction of new power plants in California and (b) the repowering and upgrading of existing, older, inefficient California plants.
		Guarantee that electricity prices are stable, rather than volatile, so that homeowners and businesses may budget properly.
	republican.sen.ca.gov /opeds/38/oped679.asp (223 words)

	California Electricity Crisis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Californians have faced flouts, seen the state budget surplus disappear, watched Pacific Gas and Electric file for bankruptcy, and listened to state officials point fingers at many organizations and individuals for allegedly causing the crisis.
		But after political leaders mismanaged the electricity crisis, California now faces an electricity blight while it struggles to recover from its self-imposed wounds.
		He documents how the California governor and legislature responded to the short-term crisis by adopting ill-conceived long-term measures—creating a harmful legacy for decades to come.
	www.hooverpress.org /productdetails.cfm?PC=952 (213 words)

	AWEA News Release - California Electricity Crisis Spurs Sales of Home Wind Systems
		California consumer interest in home wind energy generators has increased sharply since the beginning of the year as the state's prolonged electricity crisis has made daily headlines and raised customer fears of rate shock, the American Wind Energy Association (AWEA) said today.
		California currently offers a rebate of up to 50% on the purchase price of a home wind energy system to customers of the state's three major utilities--Pacific Gas and Electric, San Diego Gas and Electric, and Southern California Edison--and Bear Valley Electric Company.
		California homeowners pay 12-15 cents/kWh for power, or almost twice the national average of 8.5 cents.
	www.awea.org /news/news010213csw.html (1258 words)

	Amazon.com: The California Electricity Crisis: Books: James L. Sweeney (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The California Electricity Crisis focuses on policy decisions, their consequences, and alternatives: the saga California has faced and is still facing.
		Since mid-year 2000, California's electricity problems have been a central concern in the state.
		The domino effect of rolling this debt into a bond was the state deficit crisis of 2003 resulting in recall of the governor.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0817929126?v=glance (1184 words)

	Perspectives: on California’s Electricity Crisis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A recent New York Times article blamed California’s energy crisis on the state's supposed “blind faith in markets.” Many politicians in Sacramento are repeating this refrain, with some calling for government takeover of the power industry.
		The price which utilities could buy electricity was deregulated, but government capped the price at which utilities could sell that power to consumers.
		In the short run, the retail price of electricity charged to consumers must be allowed to rise to cover a more representative part of the wholesale cost utilities pay for that electricity.
	www.pacificresearch.org /press/kqed/2001/kqed_01-01-09.html (406 words)

	The California Electricity Crisis by James L. Sweeney (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		James L. Sweeney of Stanford University is a professor of management science and engineering, senior fellow of the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR), and senior fellow at the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace.
		The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, founded at Stanford University in 1919 by Herbert Hoover, who went on to become the thirty-first president of the United States, is an interdisciplinary research center for advanced study on domestic and international affairs.
		Sweeney, James L. The California electricity crisis / James L. Sweeney.
	www-hoover.stanford.edu /publications/books/electricity.html (564 words)

	The California electricity crisis: overview and international lessons
		This article discusses the disasterous effect of the deregulation of the Californian electricity system and the crisis this has caused.
		It is in fact far less subject to market forces than California, with distribution, transmission and generation still largely held by state-owned enterprises.
		Their lack of sympathy for California consumers, as demonstrated by, among other things, their huge profits over the last year, is indicative of how they will and have behaved in countries distant from their home base
	www.eldis.org /static/DOC8861.htm (351 words)

	Books : The California Electricity Crisis
		This is one of the best books on the California energy crisis of 2000-01, but misses the point about what caused it.
		Yes, it is true California was paying more for power than other states because the old system created incentives for overcapacity and thus high prices.
		Yes, it is true Enron and others, including municipal utilities, gamed the system during the crisis as deregulation provided.
	www.programmertutorials.com /ItemId/0817929126 (129 words)

	URGENT ACTION REQUIRED – California Electricity Crisis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		As many of you know, the current electricity crisis in the state has created Stage III energy shortage alerts over the past few days.
		In return for a significantly lower rate, the campus has agreed to limit or shut down electricity use when regional supplies are extremely low.
		For instance, when Edison asked the campus to shut off electricity on Tuesday and the campus refused, our typical rate of 7 cents/kilowatt was increased to an incredible $8.00/kilowatt.
	www.csupomona.edu /~housing/update61.htm (511 words)

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